CCNA Discovery Designing and Supporting Computer Networks

Lab 1.3.4 Creating an ACL

Device Discovery Server R1 S1 Host1 Host2

Host Name Server FC-CPE-1 FC-ASW-1 PC1 PC2

Address 172.17.1.1 Fa0/1 172.17.0.1 Fa0/0 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.10 10.0.0.201

Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0 255.255.0.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0

Objective
Create Access Control Lists (ACLs) to filter traffic for security and traffic management.

640-802 CCNA Exam Objectives

This lab contains skills that relate to the following CCNA exam objectives: Configure and apply ACLs based on network filtering requirements (including CLI/SDM). Configure and apply ACLs to limit telnet and SSH access to the router (including SDM/CLI). Verify and monitor ACLs in a network environment.

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CCNA Discovery Designing and Supporting Computer Networks Expected Results and Success Criteria
Instructor note: This section helps the students realize why they are doing the tasks outlined in the lab. It also requires them to anticipate the end result of the lab. If possible, students should discuss the answers in this section with a partner before beginning the configuration steps. Before starting this lab, read through the tasks that you are expected to perform. What do you expect the result of performing these tasks will be? ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ How is an understanding of ACLs useful in network administration? ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ How will a network administrator know if the ACL is working properly? ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

Background / Preparation
Instructor Notes: This lab reviews ACLs. Whereas ACLs were covered in detail in CCNA Discovery: Introducing Routing and Switching in the Enterprise, this lab focuses on security and ACL design. Its purpose is to emphasize data traffic control and filtering, initially at the design stage and then move to representative implementation of these policies. This is a demonstration lab that uses wildcard masks. Students should review the use of wildcard masks in the Challenge Task. This lab also uses Discovery Server to provide representative application data traffic. See CCNA Discovery Server FAQ on Academy Connection Tools. Alternately a local lab server can be set up to provide representative data traffic. If possible this should include FTP and HTTP/Web traffic. In this lab you will consider the need for data traffic control and filtering in a network, and design the policies to achieve this. The traffic security design will then be applied to an example network using ACLs. ACLs are typically applied at the Distribution Layer. This lab will use a router connected to a server that will provide sample network applications to demonstrate ACL placement and operation.

Step 1: Analyze the traffic filtering requirements

a. Determine the access and filtering requirements. For this lab: 1) PC1 is a network administrator's workstation. This host must be permitted FTP and HTTP access to the network server, and telnet access to the router FC-CPE-1.

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CCNA Discovery Designing and Supporting Computer Networks

2) PC2 is a general workstation that is to have HTTP access only. FTP services and Telnet access to the router is not permitted. b. Having determined specific requirements, decide if all other traffic is to be allowed or denied. List the benefits and potential problems to the following filtering scenarios: Benefits of allowing all other traffic: _______________________________________________________________ Future implemented services are not blocked. Potential problems with allowing all other traffic: _______________________________________________________________ Unwanted or malicious traffic is not blocked. Benefits of denying all other traffic: _______________________________________________________________ Unwanted or malicious traffic is automatically blocked. Potential problems with denying all other traffic: _______________________________________________________________ Future implemented services are automatically blocked.

Step 2: Design and create the ACL

a. Review, and then apply, ACL recommended practice. Always plan thoroughly before implementation. The sequence of the statements is important. Put the more specific statements at the beginning and the more general statements at the end. Statements are added to the end of the ACL as they are written. Create and edit ACLs with a text editor and save the file. Use Named ACLs wherever possible. Use comments (remark option) within the ACL to document the purpose of the statements. To take effect, ACLs must be applied to an interface. An interface can have one ACL per Network Layer protocol, per direction. Although there is an implicit deny any statement at the end of every ACL, it is good practice to configure this explicitly. This ensures that you remember that the effect is in place and allows logging of matches to this statement to be used. ACLs with many statements take longer to process, which may affect router performance. Placement of ACLs: o o Standard: closest to destination (if have administrative authority on that router) Extended: closest to source (if have administrative authority on that router)

b. Consider the two approaches to writing ACLs: Permit specific traffic first and then deny general traffic. Deny specific traffic first and then permit general traffic.

When would it be best to permit specific traffic first and then deny general traffic?

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CCNA Discovery Designing and Supporting Computer Networks

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ When there is likely to be more traffic of the type to be permitted - these packets are matched early in the ACL without having to traverse many statements, minimizing packet latency. When would it be best to deny specific traffic first and then permit general traffic? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ When there is likely to be more traffic of the type to be denied - these packets are matched early in the ACL without having to traverse many statements, minimizing router latency. c. Select one approach and write the ACL statements that will meet the requirements of this lab. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Answers vary: One example is: Allow PC1 to access server http and ftp access-list 101 permit tcp host 10.0.0.10 host 172.17.1.1 eq www log access-list 101 permit tcp host 10.0.0.10 host 172.17.1.1 eq ftp log Allow PC2 to access web server access-list 101 permit tcp host 10.0.0.201 host 172.17.1.1 eq www log Allow PC1 telnet access to router Fa0/0 access-list 101 permit tcp host 10.0.0.10 host 10.0.0.1 eq telnet log Deny all other traffic access-list 101 ip deny any any log After an ACL is written and applied to an interface, it is useful to know if the ACL statements are having the desired effect. The number of packets that meet the conditions of each ACL statement can be logged by adding the option log at the end of each statement. Why is it important to know to how many times packets that match an ACL statement are denied? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ This potentially shows the number of attempts at unauthorized access to denied services that may lead to further investigation of network usage.

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CCNA Discovery Designing and Supporting Computer Networks

Step 3: Cable and configure the given network
NOTE: If the PCs used in this lab are also connected to your Academy LAN or to the Internet, ensure that you record the cable connections and TCP/IP settings so these can be restored at the conclusion of the lab. a. Referring to the topology diagram, connect the console (or rollover) cable to the console port on the router and the other cable end to the host computer with a DB-9 or DB-25 adapter to the COM 1 port. Ensure that power has been applied to both the host computer and router. b. Connect and configure the devices in accordance with the given topology and configuration. Your instructor may substitute Discovery Server with an equivalent server for this lab. c. Establish a HyperTerminal, or other terminal emulation program, from PC1 to Router R1. Router(config)#hostname FC-CPE-1 FC-CPE-1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0 FC-CPE-1(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 FC-CPE-1(config-if)#no shutdown FC-CPE-1(config-if)#exit FC-CPE-1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1 FC-CPE-1(config-if)#ip address 172.17.0.1 255.255.0.0 FC-CPE-1(config-if)#no shutdown FC-CPE-1(config-if)#exit FC-CPE-1(config)#line vty 0 4 FC-CPE-1(config-line)#password telnet FC-CPE-1(config-line)#login FC-CPE-1(config-line)#end e. Ping between PC1 and Discovery Server to confirm network connectivity. Troubleshoot and establish connectivity if the pings fail. d. From the global configuration mode issue the following commands:

Step 4: Test the network services without ACLs

Perform the following tests on PC1: a. Open a web browser on PC1 and enter the URL http://172.17.1.1 at the address bar. What web page was displayed? _________________________________________ Discovery Server Home Page b. Open a web browser on PC1 and enter the URL ftp://172.17.1.1 at the address bar. What web page was displayed? _________________________________________ Discovery FTP Home Directory c. On the Discovery FTP Home Directory, open the Discovery 1 folder. Click and drag a Chapter file to the local Desktop. Did the file copy successfully? _________ Yes d. From the PC1 command line prompt, issue the command telnet 10.0.0.1, or use a Telnet client (HyperTerminal or TeraTerm, for example) to establish a Telnet session to the router. What response did the router display? ______________________________________________ Prompt for Telnet password and login to router e. Exit the Telnet session. quit
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CCNA Discovery Designing and Supporting Computer Networks

Perform the following tests on PC2: a. Open a web browser on PC2 and enter the URL http://172.17.1.1 at the address bar. What web page was displayed? ______________________________________________ Discovery Server Home Page b. Open a web browser on PC2 and enter the URL ftp://172.17.1.1 at the address bar. What web page was displayed? ______________________________________________ Discovery FTP Home Directory c. On the Discovery FTP Home Directory, open the Discovery 1 folder. Click and drag a Chapter file to the local Desktop. Did the file copy successfully? __________ Yes d. From the PC2 command line prompt, issue the command telnet 10.0.0.1, or use a Telnet client (HyperTerminal or TeraTerm, for example) to establish a Telnet session to the router. What response did the router display? ______________________________________________ Prompt for Telnet password and login to router. e. Exit the Telnet session. quit Why was each of the above connections successful? ___________________________________________________________________ There were no data access or filtering controls in place. ___________________________________________________________________ Successful connection was expected. If any of the above connections was not successful, troubleshoot the network and configurations and establish each type of connection from each host.

Step 5: Configure the network services ACL

From the global configuration mode issue the following commands: a. Allow PC1 to access the web server. FC-CPE-1(config)#ip access-list extended Server-Access FC-CPE-1(config-ext-nacl)#remark Allow PC1 access to server FC-CPE-1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host 10.0.0.10 host 172.17.1.1 eq www log b. Allow PC2 to access the web server. FC-CPE-1(config-ext-nacl)#remark Allow PC2 to access web server FC-CPE-1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host 10.0.0.201 host 172.17.1.1 eq www log c. Allow PC1 telnet access to router FC-CPE-1(config-ext-nacl)#remark Allow PC1 to telnet router FC-CPE-1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host 10.0.0.10 host 10.0.0.1 eq telnet log d. Deny all other traffic. FC-CPE-1(config-ext-nacl)#remark Deny all other traffic
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CCNA Discovery Designing and Supporting Computer Networks

FC-CPE-1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any log FC-CPE-1(config-ext-nacl)#exit

Step 6: Apply the ACLs

a. Apply the Extended ACL to the router interface closest to the source. FC-CPE-1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0 FC-CPE-1(config-if)#ip access-group Server-Access in FC-CPE-1(config-if)#end b. From the Privileged EXEC mode, issue the show running-configuration command and confirm that the ACLs have been configured and applied as required. Reconfigure if errors are noted.

Step 7: Test the network services with ACLs

Perform the following tests on PC1: a. Open a web browser on PC1 and enter the URL http://172.17.1.1 at the address bar. What web page was displayed? ______________________________________________ Discovery Server Home Page b. Open a web browser on PC1 and enter the URL ftp://172.17.1.1 at the address bar. What web page was displayed? ______________________________________________ Discovery FTP Home Directory c. On the Discovery FTP Home Directory, open the Discovery 1 folder. Click and drag a Chapter file to the local Desktop. Did the file copy successfully? _________ Yes Why is this the outcome? ______________________________________________ This host is allowed FTP access. d. From the PC1 command line prompt, issue the command telnet 10.0.0.1, or use a Telnet client (HyperTerminal or TeraTerm, for example) to establish a Telnet session to the router. What response did the router display? ______________________________________________ Prompt for Telnet password and login to router Why is this the outcome? ______________________________________________ This host is allowed Telnet access. e. Exit the Telnet session. Perform the following tests on PC2: a. Open a web browser on PC2 and enter the URL http://172.17.1.1 at the address bar. What web page was displayed? ______________________________________________ Discovery Server Home Page Why is this the outcome? ______________________________________________ This host is allowed web access. b. Open a web browser on PC2 and enter the URL ftp://172.17.1.1 at the address bar.
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CCNA Discovery Designing and Supporting Computer Networks

What web page was displayed? ______________________________________________ error page cannot be displayed Why is this the outcome? ______________________________________________ This host is not allowed FTP access. c. From the PC2 command line prompt, issue the command telnet 10.0.0.1, or use a Telnet client (HyperTerminal or TeraTerm, for example) to establish a Telnet session to the router. What response did the router display? ______________________________________________ Telnet connection refused. Why is this the outcome? ______________________________________________ This host is not allowed Telnet access. If any of these transactions did not result in the expected outcome, troubleshoot the network and configurations and retest the ACLs from each host.

Step 8: Observe the number of statement matches

a. From the Privileged EXEC mode, issue the command: FC-CPE-1#show access-list Server-Access List the number of matches logged against each ACL statement. ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Answers will vary (1383 matches)

Step 9: Clean up
Erase the configurations and reload the routers and switches. Disconnect and store the cabling. For PC hosts that are normally connected to other networks (such as the school LAN or to the Internet), reconnect the appropriate cabling and restore the TCP/IP settings.

Challenge
Rewrite the Server-Access ACL used in this lab so that: 1) Administrator workstations are considered to be in the address range of 10.0.0.10 /24 to 10.0.0.15 /24 instead of a single host; and, 2) The general workstations have the address range of 10.0.0.16 /24 to 10.0.0.254 /24 instead of being a single host. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ip access-list extended Server-Access remark Allow PC1 to access any IP traffic permit ip host 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.15 172.17.1.1 log remark Allow PC2 to access web server
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CCNA Discovery Designing and Supporting Computer Networks

permit ip host 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 172.17.1.1 eq www log remark Deny all other traffic deny ip any any log Running config of router after lab completion:

FC-CPE-1#show run Building configuration... Current configuration : 1309 bytes ! version 12.4 service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec no service password-encryption ! hostname FC-CPE-1 ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! ! no aaa new-model ! resource policy ! mmi polling-interval 60 no mmi auto-configure no mmi pvc mmi snmp-timeout 180 ip subnet-zero ip cef ! ! ! !
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CCNA Discovery Designing and Supporting Computer Networks

! ! ! ! ! interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 ip access-group Server-Access in duplex auto speed auto ! interface FastEthernet0/1 ip address 172.17.0.1 255.255.0.0 duplex auto speed auto ! interface FastEthernet0/0/0 ! interface FastEthernet0/0/1 ! interface FastEthernet0/0/2 ! interface FastEthernet0/0/3 ! interface Serial0/1/0 no ip address shutdown clock rate 125000 ! interface Serial0/1/1 no ip address shutdown clock rate 125000 ! interface Vlan1 no ip address !

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CCNA Discovery Designing and Supporting Computer Networks

ip classless ! ip http server ! ip access-list extended Server-Access remark Allow PC1 access to server permit tcp host 10.0.0.10 host 172.17.1.1 eq ftp www remark Allow PC2 to access web server permit tcp host 10.0.0.201 host 172.17.1.1 eq www remark Allow PC1 to telnet router permit tcp host 10.0.0.10 host 10.0.0.1 eq telnet remark Deny all other traffic deny ip any any ! ! control-plane ! ! line con 0 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 password telnet login ! end FC-CPE-1#

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