Global History Themes and Associated Vocabulary

Themes Power & Authority History is often made by the people and institutions in power. As you learn about the worlds powerful people and governments, try to answer several key questions. Who holds the power? How did that person or group get power? What system of government provides order in this society? How does this group or person in power keep or lose power? Examples: Louis XIV to Louis XVI Fascism Hitler/Franco/Mussolini Fidel Castro/Mao Zedong Words to know absolute monarch absolutism aristocracy autocracy autonomy bourgeoisie colony consent of the governed coup detat czar decentralization democracy dissident dictator dynastic cycle dynasty Mandate of Heaven empire fascism federation federal republic atheism monotheism Judaism Abraham Moses Torah pogroms Christianity Jesus Bible Middle Ages tithe Martin Luther simony indulgences liberation theology Islam Muhammed hegira Koran Five Pillars of Islam feudalism government human rights manor manorial magna carta power prime minister proletariat propaganda republic monarchy nationalism revolution socialism suffrage terrorism theocracy totalitarian state totalitarianism tribalism tyranny universal suffrage Mecca caliph mosque polytheism Hinduism karma dharma nirvana caste reincarnation Buddhism Confucianism Taoism Tao animism Shintoism Sikhism kami pacifist missionary brahma

Belief Systems Throughout history, humans around the world have been guided by, as much as anything else, their religious and ethical beliefs. As you examine the worlds religious and ethical systems, pay attention to several important issues. What beliefs are held by a majority of people in a region? How do these major religious beliefs differ from one another? How do the various religious groups interact with one another? How do religious groups react toward nonmembers? Examples: Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam

Revolution Often in history, great change has been achieved only through force. As you learn about the continuous overthrow of governments, institutions, and even ideas throughout history, examine several key questions. What long term ideas or institutions are being overthrown? What caused people to make this radical change? What are the results of the change? Examples: American Revolution, French Revolution, Latin American Revolutions, Russian Revolution, Chinese Communist Revolution, Cuban Revolution, Scientific Revolution, Industrial Revolution, Agricultural Revolution, Enlightenment

Nicholas Copernicus Galileo scientific method natural laws imperialism mercantilism philosophe/philosopher Declaration of Independence Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen Louis XVI Storming of Bastille Tennis Court Oath social contract consent of the governed life, liberty & property John Locke tariffs Estates General coup detat Napoleon Napoleonic code nationalism Simon Bolivar Toussaint LOverture caudillo conquistador creole mestizo mullattoes encomienda peninsulares social mobility cash crop economy Vladimir Lenin communism nationalize Karl Marx proletariat bourgeoisie

Joseph Stalin Five Year Plan quotas collective farm collectivization Russification pogroms agrarian industrialization factory domestic system Adam Smith laissez faire suffrage universal suffrage capital capitalist life expectancy materialism goods and services gross national product Green Revolution inflation interdependence per capita plantation producer proliferation urbanization modernization monopoly natural resources scarcity self-sufficiency developed countries developing countries Third World Countries technology urbanization westernization welfare state

Economics Economics has proven to be a powerful force in human history. From early times to the present, human cultures have been concerned with how to use their scarce resources to satisfy their needs. Economic systems attempt to meet the needs of its people. As you learn about different groups, note several key issues regarding the role of economics in world history. What goods and services does a society produce? Who controls the wealth and resources of a society? How does a society obtain more goods and services?

Basic Economic Questions What?/How?/Who? Traditional economy Command economy Market economy Mixed economy Agrarian Capitalism Capital capitalist Communism Socialism Barter economy Cash crop Consumer Examples: Industrial Revolution, Green Revolution, Trade between Middle East and Europe after Crusades, Producer Corporation European Economic Community (EEC) Goods and services Need to know the differences between communism and Guilds Unions capitalism. Also, is there a relationship between the Gross national product type of government and the type of economy a nation (GNP) has? Inflation Interdependence Per capita Scarcity Cultural Interaction Apartheid Today people around the world share many things, from Assimilation music, to food, to ideas. Human cultures actually have Containment interacted with each other since ancient times. As you Cultural bias learn about how different cultures have interacted, note Cultural diffusion several significant issues. Cultural diversity Culture How have cultures interacted (trade, Cyrillic alphabet migration, or conquest)? What items have cultures passed on to each Extended family Life expectancy other? Literacy What political, economic, and religious Matrilineal ideas have cultures shared? Patrilineal What positive and negative effects have Hellenistic civilization resulted from cultural interaction? Illiteracy Examples: Crusades and Trade, Triangular trade, Slave Humanism trade, Imperialism in India, S. America, Asia and Africa Isolationism Renaissance

Industrialization Karl Marx Frederich Engels Adam Smith Laissez faire Proletariat Bourgeoisie Russian Revolution Joseph Stalin Five Year Plans Collective farm Collectivization Quotas Working class Supply Demand Developed countries Developing countries Imperialism Mercantilism Materialism Perestroika Monopoly Nationalize Tariffs Green Revolution Kibbutz Neolithic Nomad Nuclear family Social mobility

Empire Building Since the beginning of time, human cultures have shared a similar desire to grow more powerful often by dominating other groups. As you learn about empire building through the ages, keep in mind several key issues. What motivates groups to conquer other lands and people? How does one society gain control of others? How does a dominating society control and rule its subjects? Example: British Empire, Ottoman Empire, Russian Empire, Byzantine Empire, Japan and W. Africa Geography and Interactions with Environment Since the earliest of times, humans have had to deal with their surroundings in order to survive. Geographic features can positively or negatively affect the development of a nation or region. As you learn about events in history and our continuous interaction with the environment, keep in mind several important issues. How has geography impacted the positive or negative outcomes of historical events? How do humans adjust to the climate and terrain where they live? How have changes in the natural world forced people to change? What positive and negative changes have people made to their environments?

Monarchy Annexation Colony Common law Czar Decentralization Empire Federation Mercantilism Imperialism Nativism Tribe Tribalism Tyranny Urbanization Topography World Map Physical Political Thematic Regional Western Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere North South East West Longitude Latitude Equator Trade Map key

River valleys Agrarian Cultural diffusion Cultural diversity Trade Deforestation Desertification Developed countries Developing countries Life expectancy Monsoon Famine Interdependence Isolationism Great Wall of China Plantation Natural resources Examples: Early Civilization, Fertile Crescent, Nile Scarcity River Valley, Amazon River Valley, Sahara Desert, Self-sufficiency Mediterranean Sea. technology Science and Technology Domesticating Animals All humans share an endless desire to know more about Plow their world and to solve whatever problems they Harness encounter. The development of science and technology Spinning wheel has played a key role in these quests. As you read about Steam engine the role of science and technology in world history, try Locomotive to answer several key questions. Car Steam boat What tools and methods do people use to Telephone/telegraph solve the various problems they face? Weapons WWI How do people gain knowledge about their Poison gas world? How do they use that knowledge? Submarines How do new discoveries and inventions Tanks change the way people live? Computers Hydro power engine Examples: Agricultural Revolution, Industrial

Revolution, Modern technology

Natural Resources