(Participle ,Modifier)

Participle

l f i ~ n % ~ILUUH l~d

~ ~ ~ ~ d 1 7 V i l ~ ~ ~ l l ~ b l ~ ~ ~ R 5 4 d

H73zd7;~
1. 1 " 5 4 ~ % 4 ~ ~ participle 7 4

2. a l n ~ 5 d d u u a~ ~ Z I U ~ ~ I G L ~ participle U modifier
3.

n i 5 a i ~ d i ~ a participle d ~ ~ a ~n ~ d a ~ ~ u i q iJS~IUSI nay

4. n i s ~ d ~ n ~ o ~ a u i u

r i a ~aueuunu~ra3un4n~7~~ui~n
1. ~?.hk~u~aza~u7ul~ma%4u~ld participle k g
2. uann~idao.r participlek;
3.

d ' v w

cu'iiloa~nn7slsu participle ndmu~du~oinoydszluwdzzrnnol'7r 7

i participle ~ ~ modifier . [ U R ~ W ( I U ~ U ~ 1 ~ ' &Vl&tl4 I~

4. l

~ J u u u a aParticiple ~ (Forms of Participle)

Participle ~ U ~ ~ ~ L U U I ~ ~ J U E N d~m~isndmn~~uds::fun~u~iu:: ~I~~UI

n i u i d (finite verb) n!aluglurdau~uiu (modifier) W O P ~ I ~ U 7 IU~~ rhns'u2duuuuop participle i l 3 S ~ k R U I Present participle (V-ing form) fll368U -ing i a n a q d Infinitive Dictionary form pril~din3~1 Past participle (V-ed form) ~ i j ~ n ~ t l3l d 80 ~ n15b$~ ~ d -ed hnwm smiled bduh nirn~ilnlsnsz~~u~d01iudn~ (Regular verb) 6 t h enjoyed, da7nirns::mn~Jin~ 7 hn~unin~d~nisns~~iu~d1 (~ um ' dg n~ 5lVerb) sr d Perfect participle (Having + Ved fom) J ~ B MPerfect tense nn5:~in zdrflu participle d~nisnsm verb ~
Y O I Y O I e

Infinitive

Present

Present Participle

be

is/am/are come (s) dig (s) flies/fly goes/go has/have lie (s) quit (s)

being coming digging flying going having lying quitting thinking writing
*

come dig fly go have lie quit

think
write

think (s) write (s)

Participle 8 1 ~ 7 5 6 1 $ 7 M f i
Participle ~U~j~glU%fifllll$ (Par
v

1.
v

Present participle

~7(1~75fl~lM~~~d~d7~Mu"4~~4~~~7L~nrb~1
lMDu8GI4 Continuous
B

c :

8514 be + present participle (be + Ving)

tense 1-170

Progressive form iiul77UM(1Uiftj7 u m s n s ~ f i ~ u u r i i k r i ~ ~ ~ u a ~ ~ ~

.
,

a:

Examples

Notes

a. We are now studying English.

lw'01dl

"fi~kdttu~d" dn'sfl7?lflmd

"now" $ ~ U U E I ~ U ~ ? ~ I ~ b. That man in the white hat is

walking past the window.

2. 2

Past particjple R I U T ~ ~ ~ ~ T Md U~T ~~w Li ~ f .U ~tla.~n~u7~~n~~flu

V d d

6'nmns::

50

2 . 1
8

cilud?udanou~a Perfect ~ tense

'IwI~u have ~? +I past ~

participle (have + V-ed) l d o l t 8 @ 4 j l u ~ ~ 5 ~ % r h ~ i r dfUl ?hl?a-~lGI f i 9 ~ ~ ~

l?alM:4"

t
Examples

I
Notes

I1
I

a. John has become rich since his first son was born. b. By the time we got home, Jane
had already finished her report.

2.2 ~ ~ u d i u r l s z n e u aJ eq ~
df7U be + past participle (be + Ved)

z " $ P I(passive F I ~ ~voice). ~ ~ ~ T~JIR~u

~~%~~u~u~&L~u@.I::$I~~uI

4 MYDLLRG~I

Examples

Notes

a. The book will be finished in June.

L ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~'fthe u L L I F I u ~
book" ~ u ? ~ $ I ~ ~ L ~ I L E ~ u

b. A reception was held in his honour ~ u ' U ~ U R ~ U D "$ft.~~fil" ~ Q ~ : ~ tQut-15~~

by the government.
VIIUH~U "by"
i

&

Participle lugl~:qidif~n' (Participle as ~djec'kve)

Present participle i t a r Past participle EIIQ~~H~I~~~UUIUPIW

'l6LdUtGbq

a. running water.
LlH91UE17fl75UEIU "taps"

d. tired passengers
e. fallen tree
f. reclaimed land

D ~ u ~ u A ~ ~ "passengers" u ~ ~ ~ Q J

Q~UIU~~~IWUQ~ "land"

Exercise 1

Reading the foll sentence.

Examples

s carefully. Then identify the participles in

each sentence whether it is a present or past participle. Also tell its function in the

a. James enjoy visiting the floatipg market.

=

present participle; adjective

b. He was caught in the warehouse.

= past participle; passive voice

1.
2.

There were a group o f children playing in the field. Somebody has locked the box and I cannot open it. The sound of the &pping top is very annoying. The police could not find the missing gun. It is said that figs are better for us than bananas. He spoke at great length, was asked many questions at the end, and answered them all satisfactorily.
I

3.
4.
5.
6.

7.
\

These socks have been already worn out at the heels. The girls have been waiting for their parents for half an hour now. Can anyone tell me when the train is leaving? At present he is reading a biography; it is the third biography he has read this year.

8. 9.

10.

Participle n ? . a " U ' ~ n ~d'lgh l R (Participle construction Replacing clause)

oy~s~lu~d~inuiBuuiu~ n'iorruiudsrk~n iuiu

participle 1 ; hui~ji~n~n~iu~9fi

oi~~d~uu~flu

lud.izhmfinu#au ( ~ o m ~ ~ sentence) tii C / & ~ ~ & A A ~ T ~ U JS~TUF~ O~ U I U fit4 a~oddtrulfhd participle hf 161~ J$U~IUI~&~ d7u~~'lfl (participle modifier) 1a~~rtii~~~du~1mu~3u~oz~ dsz~ufitAurfluJszlnmeaiud~lu J~uu1d~3~ d~cnouPi?udsz~u~nR'nt~~z~y~ d~ud5c~ufi~nh:~8ud~:~u~~3~ut8ua ~z~ufi5a~ (Simple sentence) t~(nztn~atiw~s:lufit8uatvii~u tt~i~~~unu~uqnad~uUj tniiauGu t1u~~m~fi5~~~1~md~u1n~cu"tdduuldtn'1u"u
'

Examples

Notes

a. She enters. She is accompanied by her mother.

b. She enters, accompanied by her

i i 2 d.j:I~fi, ~amu~aud~dufiii
ds:siuC3t7uan'u.
5 3 ~ 1 ~ d5:Jflfi 8 ~

&

lllld'r:lflR~d~,

mother.

tdl(flutbu participle phrase L?!uu~~~~Iu d5:lufi

c. He was a student. He was interested in museum. d. Being a student, he was interested in museum.

u" 2 d5:I~~fiImuUdd~:s~u~Yat8u3n'u
57~t9~~64d5:l~fi b~td$~~d.~:Iufi d~5izm8~ participle phrase t!!uulfh d5:Tufi

e. The police spied the man who robbed the bank. f The police spied the man robbing the bank.

tgud5:Ifl fifiTw#Ju u" Adjective clause ~ ~ 7 ~ 1 f'the 6 1 man" ~1~ tfIud5:lufifiaiu~8 participle phrase

nnrrl~clugtu~uds~'Fuert~r~pd 9 Participle
(Participle as Reduction from Adjective Clause)
a: (Adjective clause) M 4 t ll f ~ K M l rURLIU'#~OWI : : (Restrictive and Non-restrictive
clause) hvn'unrio~d~~51uni~trlduw~da~d5~1u~~~"11Smu'uitfl~ participle U P IU
4-

nydsdu~C/muisnd~uuui~flu Participle modifier fi60 ~ N I ~ ~ ~

a d '

1.

oydsdun~ozdduurflu participle Idi o r O i O ~ i l ~ n ~ ~ n ~ u i 3 ~ d s r I u n

Ri3

dsrrnu (Subject-clause)
(relative pronoun as subject)
2.
3.
4.

d5z~a~ss~~1~rha~i~bd~d5r61utl~.~i3ydsr

5mdsrrnun~odsrw'ua~sswu~ui3i3n '

dduuniuittflfitfh.4 participle construction

f i ~ l ~ N 1 3 1(voice) ~fl UBU~~ZEJI

- mnrfluns5qnw
participle (V-ing form)

(active voice) I ~ t d d utau u present

- nintflun.rsuaion (passive voice) ~ f i ~ d d upast ~ tparticiple h

(V-ed form)
5.
' I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ R ~ D Jcomma H~IB

a:, d 15 MI~DY~~:I~~AUU

comma doin%i"nu~uiu~fiA4t~u '

Examples

Noets "is talking" tfl~n55q?lon

a. The boy who is talking loudly is my brother. b. The boy talking loudly is m brother.

dduutflu "talking" (present participle)

Examples c. Mrs. Smith, who went out yesterday, had an accident. d. ~ s Smith, . going out yesterday,

Notes "went" dlr n 5 3 ~ 7 ~ n

rdduurgu "going" (present participle)

had an accident. e. The knife which had been sharpened nicely was in the drawer.
f. The knife sharpened nicely was in

"had been sharpened" r~un55unon

ddflu~h "sharpened" (past

participle)
(

the drawer.

Exercise 2 Change thelAdjective clauses in the following sentences into an appropriate participle modifier. Be sure to put punctuation where necessary. Examples The girl who is riding a horse is my niece. The girl riding a horse is my niece.

1.
2.

The student who hopes to finish college in three years must work very hard. The results which were obtained frdm the experiment were very good. The room which is not cleaned is v e j dirty. A man who claims to be an immortal Scottish highlander brandished
,

3.
4.

a sword at the police last night.

5.
6.

Mr. Smith, who was a manager, was sacked last week. Mary, who was working upstair, heard the door slamming. Tom, who was arrested, has not been seen in public since.

7.

112

EN 205

8.
9.

David, who works in an advertising company, is Sue's brother. The vase which was paihted red was priceless. Naree, who did not pass. the entrance exam, was upset.

10.

a d q l ~ s r d i ~ u a ~ d s : : l u m l < ~participle Su modifier ~ i q m R i i ~ ~ u & a q

hihiia-nsnsrsiu Tense .[uds::l~m~Ruthu 6da~nwimaiunuiu6 6 a ~ m a i ~ & ~ 6
w 13 s::niiqdaoduuiun"p1ds::lum~gnbaila" d i ~ ~ u n ~ n a u n i s n s : tense : ~ i u umqu
4

I.

nin6nqnisduds::~sm~~n6ba::a~ds::1um6~m~uw~au 7 iiu
-+

d a

ln&Zusn"oa inisns::oiu tense ~tlu<nwm::~duan"u 6 I ~ ~ o i s m 7 ~ ~ o l ' ~ n w i z a i ~ n ~ ~ l X n d i a u i u h go nssqaiqn

2.

Ving shunssuaion

Ved

mnniuiloday dszlumns::o7u t . 3 ~ Progressive passive form ua::

+ past participle

kmischiicvl~nisdu"un'i~~ii6~u 8 1 6Icn'n~::~.illu~flu being

(being V-ed)
3.

Mlnn?u"i~odayds::~umns::~l~b~u Perfect tense (have + Ved) . 66ar

having + past participle (having + Ved) r n n t . 3 ~

6a~tris~Guiitn~msdu"u~Emn'au uat.~odilrgna~n'auniuiluds::lumna'nl<ns::oiu
fl?~76fhPerfect participle nss!?ion
6 6 8 : : having been + past participle (having been + Ved)

vlin6fhnssu

Examples

Notes

a. The topic which is being discussed is about the public welfare.

f l ? ~ l f l ~ : : 0 1 1Progressive 6~~ passive

form.

b. The topic being discussed is about the public welfare.

tdauuad~?Ju being + V-ed

discussed"

"being

Examples c. The oil crisis, which is being discussed, is very important for us.

Notes
~~F.Iin3rolfltilu Rogressive passive

form

d. The oil crisis, being discussed, is very important for us.

td~~~~ being d k-f Ved l ~ G O "being

discussed

e. Any applicant who has fdled the form can get in

fl~fJlfl51P?~tf Perfect !~ tense

f. Any applicant having filled the form can get in.

tdduujdtfh having + Ved

"having filled"

SO

g. Mr. Smith, who had finished the work in time, looked happy. h. Mr. Smith, having finished the work in time, looked happy.
1 1

n%ln5~9iaduPerfect tens&

kdduurdt(lu having + V-ed 30

I '4havingfinished"
f I ~ f l l f l 5 ~ PPerfect l ~ k ~ passive ~ form

i. The money which had been stolen last night belonged to Jane.

j.

The money stolen last night belonged to Jane.

d&ukfh.l past participle (V-ed) rwnr60~n~s~nuns iudoqmnrBu r~u

Restrictive participle

Examples
'\

Notes

k. Her jewelry, which had been stolen last night, was worth more than a million. 1. Her jewelry, having been st last night, was worth more than a million

~~?EII~~SOIEI~~U Perfect passive form

I
U U ~ having ~ U

been + V-cd 80

"having been stolen" twnrt8u nonrestrictive participle

1.
d . d

Participle modifier ntdaau3dui0in Non-restriciture adjective

d

clause nutm.roqwuiucomma fl~acis~ldt~somu~a comma Ria ( & a h -d, h

t b a r 1)
2.

Participle modifier n ~ d a a ~ ~ d u Non-restrictive i~in adjective clause

3.
8 d

d 7 ~ Participle modifier

ntdruu2duimn Restrictive adjective

8

clause tfJu$~l~~~~ud~itflu u~r~~1nud16~dlu~i55ru,d~u1uuu arU"u~~m'o~tiiuudld

nsr+u tuarcruntn .Iupi?adiq-j

Exercise 3

3qtiia~tGau "stolenn

tvi~uu

Change the Adjective clauses in the following sentences into an appropriate participle modifier. Be sure to put punctuation where necessary.
Examples

The boy who is being punished is my brother. The boy being punished is my brother.

h e m&ager asked for the letters that had already been typed by his secretary. 2.

avid,

who was been playing the violin for 10 years, has never
1

enjoyed it.

3.

The Euro is the new currency which was started trading on January 2, 1999.

4.

Venus and Serena, who have won many tournaments, are great tennis-players.
\

5.

George, who had not been elected president of the company, resigned from the board of directors.

6.

Nat, who had failed to win the prize, cried desperately. The girl who had been found using drugs was taken in custody. The secretary, who had a serious talk with her boss, shut herself in the room.

7.
8.

9.

Parinya, who has been living in Chiengmai since he was born, travelled to Bangkok for his big fight.

10.

Motorists who do not stop when the light is red, will get in to trouble.

n7~rd'Rau'iraucu7ud'b~~~~~~ol'rdu 9 participle
(Participle as Reduction from Adverb clause)

a~ds:~u~3nds:~nnd~iui~~td~uu~dtdu participle 16Ra i t d m ~ y

dsds~uannm ~#dldau when / while / &er ~tn:~td(11111yd~:Iunuant~o\,wn

~ # d i t & as ~ / since ~ / because h ~ i u ~ ~ ~ n m s d ~ u u o ~ d s : ~ u ~ participle 'p~ijmu't~~

lrkd
1.
I

2.

ds:Tu~aR'n uarayds:~s~or6~~u"ds:m~~~w~t8u3~3a~~t8u~n'u ~mds:mu~~aydsdu~oon~d

d i / u u n i u i l i t f l u participle construction II~HUI:[IU
d '

3.

IGMI~~WSNI

m n ~8:nin~o4nful~luHn'nnl5 participle ~ $ ~ ~ ~lflq~l~d5:~tl~~.j16nn'73~1LLn'3

4.

p ~ i ~ i p l e ~ i ~ ~ ~ l l ~ ~ ~ ~ t l ~ ~ C ~ d tB$$b%q%d C~ut~~~I7'6~d5:1~

n'ud5:mw ~tdaqnuiu comma ~ ~ o L w ~ ~ ~ ~ R t~51riii1nium~ ~ ~ ~ : I u T u tfIu R d-~uatnu~i#;,wi:(non-restrictive modifier)

5.
6.

~iCclu~dht#nurhwfii ida~~in~:~11~tdduui1niuniw~ind-~u
b:

auiutfIunssuamhtndiuu (object of preposition)

he felt very happy.

tfIu "looking" (present

day, she felt exhausted.

Continuous tense

felt exhausted.

he felt disappointed. f. Not encouraged, the boy felt

tdduutau "encouraged" (past

.ds~~rrlud~~lufindncd~~~tb~dn~~~u~~td~~imd~~mu~~~ oonldtth ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ u u ~ s s w u ~ u 1 u d ~ : : l u ~ w n ' n t f l u B ~ ) t ~ w ~ ~

2.

tdooyd5dufitihadd~tna amtdiuu participle ~%nwqddfjrfla

If buId
Exercise 4

"not"

I f ~ participle 6

Change the,Adverb clauses in the following sentences into an appropriate participle. Be sure to p,yt punctuation.
i

Examples After Jane had shopped, she went home. Having shopped, Jane went home.

1.

After the criminal had removed all traces of his crime, he left the building.

2.

Because Bill could not sleep last night, he feels very sleepy all day today.

3.
4.
5.

After Jane had finished her report, she went on doing her thesis. . While Mr. Patterson was teaching, he fell off the platform.
1

Alcohol can disrupt eating pattems because it causes blood'sugar to drop.

6.

When the young men get drunken, they usually become violent. Since Serena is talented, she is admired. While Anne was cooking, she was listening to the music. As a cloned bull calf was born on President's day, he was named

7.
8. 9.

"Mr. Jeffemon.
10.
After we had received. the letter of compliment, we passed it to the manager.
118

EN 205

~ I U H J J Participle ~BJ

(Position of Participle)

d dl IGV participle J $ntdauu~d~~01n~~d5r~um~1"~wfliu~um~nfliw ~~ diu 1

ua~~.rr~um~ tdainlr.1m2iunuiuP~md"t~u a~I< ~

~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ 5 4 ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ 1 4 ~ 3 ~

tiirh

ni51dn~aIu~dtmta~nuiu msmqohun~q~unisduunismsd7u
b: d

d~rnaudiq 1 uoqoydsrlu~l-i 'lu~i~~~t~a~ participle ddu~ ttflj t f l~rtnBa+ii ~

d kddit3u2&tiunii single- word participle nin participle ijd~ud~rn DUDU 7

8~d~fli? participle phrase

5)7n<uni5-aisdittndu'11a~ participle ~
1.
d b b a ~ ~ t t I 5 comma D ~ ~ ~ l ~
ol A' ~ ~ ~ ~ b f l ( f i ( i l ~ ~

~intfp l~ articipled~~~fl5tfl\r~i~d %JUL%.IU 5~Iu~1~

nlntflu participle
~ u I ~ I ~ ~ N I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ (Restrictive ~ W ~ ~ W L ~ W I ~ :
d
a

2.

A'

ufl l<4 tau single- word participle qr Adjective clause) ~~iiclunfidwiunuuiu

t~~~~cr'~lhdl~7~
3.

~ 7 n $ participle

restrictive Adjective clause)

~UIPI~~N JSZIU I ~ R~GGII~.!#~QW~:: (Nond d P%~~UUI<W&F~~UIUWUU~~~ ~ I ~ ~ U ~ ~ A ~ comma DJMU ( $~ 2~ FJ

Examples

Notes

a. Since John was found guilty, he was sent to prison.

I
I

i~\rm~ud'1~~u~ad6ud~r:~um

b. Found guilty, John was sent to

prison.

Participle D E $ ' u ~ ~R "u~E~

can be kept longer.

GIa4bflm

1.

oyds-~um#~am-diuu~qu participle I$ ~diw~.~flunyd.jd.uR

-d) do~~uns3uamd3:bun

~a;aaud?ulaC(~~uds-rnu~~l~d~::bum (&oh4
(hEld74

-h)
2.

o y d s - b u m ~ ~ ~ b a w ~ r b d ~ u w k ~ w p a r~ ti a ~w ip il re a~~ d s d u ~ d

uauds-mum4 J~:IUR~V~IGU

Exercise 5

Change the follow^ modifiers. Be sure to put punc right position.

inate clauses into appropriate participle necessary and place each of them in a
1

Examples

The bird which is singing is a canary. The singing bird is a canary.

The maid, who had finished the housework, sat down to rest. It is dangerous to swim in the river which flows swiftly. Johnson, who was well -prepared, did not feel excited. The clothes which are k i n g examined have some defects Since we are facing the problem of water shortage, we should use water carefully. Young men who are eighteen should enlist in the anny. Some wild animals which are endangered should be preserved. After Tom had been nominated the chairman, he had to give a speech. The English Club meeting, which is held monthly, are usually interesting.

10. 11.

Books which had not been wanted were left on the floor. The road which will be closed for two days is the main road to the city centre.

12. 13. 14.

Monica cancelled her trip because she was busy. The man who was injured was sent to the hospital. Mineral water, which is now popular money Thai people, are quite expensive.

15.
EN 205

Brad Pitt is surrounded by a lot of reporters because he is a popular film-star.

121

16.

The child who has been neglected is usually aggressive. When the little boy sat in the garden, he was stung by a bee. The birds which are singing in the trees filled the air with music. Here is the book which is written by John Grisharn. After Narisara has finished her education in Thailand, she flew to America.

17. 18.
19.
20.