(Verbal : Infinitive)

R 1 3 ~ d gq l
1. ~ ~ M R U ~ Infinitive ~ ? I M IV~IU~~($UO'~~.!I 2.
3.

2d~u~t10.j Infinitive wld~7iao.j Infinitive '1

5'modsgad i '

rdedeu~uunuumun~n
1. l u ' 7 ' 1 8 ~ ~ 5 4 R ~ . j l b S t : : S ) ~ ~ ~ Infinitive ::41~~

d ) w w

7 16~nh.s 2. cnuisntiuu Infinitive '1~3dt~uuh.j

~ ~ n ~ ~ a z m ~ ~ r n ~ a n w wInfinitive ' i d p 1 ok . j~ d 5 s T ~ ~ 1 6 4. nm5nl i i ~ u d 5 Infinitive : 16ori7s~niYm
3.

'Sd66'U~lfl%l w 6'SUfl41 Infinitive (Verbal: Infinitive)

u

Infinitive HNlUfk f13u1~)/f15ZQlqd - H % D t ? ~ z d Dictionary form "to" ~IIHC?

hi

Mhr

to go, to see, to talk

kSudir

Infinitive rn~isorl5?n~~uds::'Ium

Function

Examples a. This homework is difficult. To study English is difficult.'

Notes

Noun

I b.
I

I ( homework"
I "to
I

"to study English"

d51blU L ~ U L ~ U "This ~ ~ U

I c.
d.

John wanted a compliment. John wanted to shout.

shout" $ ? ~ ~ l i k 8 u n 5 m

( kdu
,

k8~2fh 'a compliment"

I
I

e. This is a good story. f.

g.

d ~ d ~ ~ k f t ~ kk d u~ k k ~ ~ ~
kflfl'lfh "story"

This is to tell the children. This is my friend, John.

j.

The car to drive is the new

k.

She seemed happy. She seemed to be having a good time.

"to be... time" ~ ~ U U ~ ) I N M & linking verb "happy"

. !

1.

k ? h k6U2{U

m. Jane (smiledbeautifully n. Jane smiled to greet us. o. This letter is very'long. p. This letter is too long to read
now.
q. She walks very fast.
bb

"to read now" bblongyy LdlJL;.u?fh

UUII~N~?~~

"very"

'

to arrive"

VUIU~~~~II~LFIM~

r. She walks fast to arrive in

time.

"fast" L ~ U L ~ U "veryyy ?~U

Infinitive rhnuimrduhuuuin ~ z r i i s u I ~ i r k 6 1 ~ uiriiwiduuiuih ~iu

W d d

Exercise 1
\

Read the following sentences carefully then identify Infinitive in each one and also describe its function.
e

Examples

These clothes are to be ironed. (passive; adjective)

1.
2.

To save money for the rent, he eats only hamburger. He always gets his younger brother iron his shirts for him. Please tell those boys to stop making a loud noise. To listen to the radio is a good way to relax. It would be a mistake to cut down more trees. They decided not to go to the party because of the coming exam.
141

3.
4. 5.

EN 205

6.

7.
8. 9.

He tried to reach the shelf, but he was not tall enough to do so. Jack was able to graduate within 3 years. This coffee is too hot to drink.

It's nice to go on holiday without having to worry about the money.

10.

~ W U ~ ~nliditive B J (Characteristics of Infinitive)

lntinitive ~iluniuilu~duuuvld~

kih

Infinitive ?~u'qrucrudiduilrra

riudinin iia muisnu'nssui~a:dau~u~uli aiuisouamnia (tense) iiamsn v w d' (voice) I n n ~ u I. i i n ~ ~ w u a ~ t l a w a u 1~ s h

"the old home town" LQU

nSfUYOQ "to visit"

uawunlb (Tense) Infinitive ~ u l s f l ~ n ~ Q m ~ ~ i d u d s ? n '7~h n ws' ~U u iInfinitive du IlnimrnnpJ 3 n'nucua kd

2.
I

Present Infinitive (to + Verb) ~ L U ~ J C ~ ? I U W U I ~ ? ' I ~ ~ U I ~ U Perfect Infinitive (to have + V-ed) L L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I U Y I U I U ~ I ~ ~ U I ~ U

Infinitive

L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ U I ~ ~ ~ ~ O Svllo'ln$~tiir"usn'u ~~~'IUC~L~~O~'LUL

Infinitive tiindouunr#uqmnq ddou~z~finn~nr~n'u8qd~~'Iu~ YI~OLL~@QD#G(IU~~[

(Imaginary past) H W U d ~ ~d ~ a ~ n l f l ~ i i m ~~dbtJ~I(nriT8 #u L W ~ ~ L ~ J U L ~ D ~ ~ U D ~ ~

~ L QInfinitive U 142

Progressive form (to be + V-ing) I # ~ d o k ~ n i ~ ~n ~3u n? ' i

~~#~~(ILQUD~O?UQ"~~~"U~~UILLM*
EN 205
i

Examples
a. To err is human; to give

I
o en' URI

Notes
"to give" d l ~ a ~ l d

b. She regretted to have gone out with him.

"to have... him" L ~ ~ E "regrettedyy I U

c. She wished not to have gone to th;

party with her friends.

1 6 ~ d n 5 0 ~ 1 ~ ~ n ~ l n l ~ ~ f i f l ~ ~ ~ n

Infinitive ud t f l ~ l d l ~ T hw~11h6~1l&i 6

F/JuCudtdi
d. A present, the boy seems to be
studying hard for the exam.
66

to be ... examn &.fl~fl151Ihdik h ' 1 1 3 ~

"di~~~~"s~~~~4~~1~1di4~u'n"

I.
"to" fl40138d14
2.
w
w

~rm~~nslmni.ru~c~fld~~wsu04 Infinitive .IW!~

-C

44

"notn

IhCi

4 " *a. w n R l ldu now, at the present time, at the moment L W D ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ U H ~ ~ ~ ( U U ~ ~

~MTIJ Progressive

fom (IM Infinitive u ' n l ~ ~ K u n 3 u i 3 ~ ~ w d 1 ~ 0 n

3. LL8Gl4378tl (Voice)

Infinitive

2 ?19n l d r r ~ # ~ 3 n ' u d i n ' . U 1l ~ ~ dfludhd to + verb

&.uDURflUn55~?19n
d

tdaurrunssqaion (active voice) MR:~UULSU to be + V-ed

(passive voice)

EN 205

143

<

Examples

Notes

a. Tom does not like to laugh at

anyone.
b. Tom does not like to be laughed

n~:~utflun35q31~n

fl3:~~tfl~fl'l5~?19fl

at.

hihtnn hm5ns:o~u~dInfinitive IGtflunssqnon d o n s s u ~ i o n l ~ ~ ~ t n m m ~ u

i

w a

1.

61 Infinitive ~~unn.r.run3ul (Intransitive verb) wnsmutflupl

hnTuurnssunia~(Transitive verb) I $ ~ t f ls u~d E n s s~ qmu
l

2.

d = I ~ U D U ~ ~ S U Q I ' I(to UH +~ Vt ~ + object)

3.

n,nnn.rsuniuiih :irlu'u'nssumiuuiunmqdiay?u2dns~um

(to be + V-ed)
1
I

Examples

Notes

z7

a. TOget up early is good for health.

"to get" tfluanssun~~~in'lroiuh

nrsqmsn
b. They stood up to greet the
66

to pnctw t S ~ ~ n s 5 u n i ~ ~ i l n ~ ~ u ~ 1 i u

President.
c. The letters to be mailed are on the table.

U-I

B~nsroiutfIunssq?ion

"to be mailed" t ~ ~ t l n ' ~ ~ ~ n ? f l i

~ S ~ U Q I I U U I ~ Q ~ ~ S L ~b ~ fUl ~ f l 5f ~ 3 1 ~ f l

ad 66UU2Ia~ Infinitive

(Forms of Infinitive)
lv

Infinitive ~ l u i m n s ~ ~ i t i bbuudl ~ f l u9 ~7dbdounmiiniauaz~ion( R ~ U

fi~iunuiuao~~afiaiudol'a~nisb~tiumuu cl 1. To + Verb ~ ~ l u f i Infinitive aafludszlufi

2.

. 3 '

~ ~ f i 3 1 ~ ~ ~ l ~ b f i ~ f 66tlz l 5 5 ~ 3 3 ~ f l

a4 dl fls~~iabgu Resent Infinitive b~l~~fllsnszvilubflm~u1ub3aid~ribb~1noii90inn~ui

To have + V-ed MW~% Infinitive d i i f i 3 7 ~ ~ ~ l ~ b ~ ~ f LLaz l35~3l~fl
b ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ ~ l ~ ~fludsz~ufi l ~ f l ~ z ~ l ~ b

fl~r~l~ Perfect b g Infinitive ~

3.

To be + V-ing

nuiufiu Infinitive d~finunuiflt~unsY?ipn

a:

~~arnszoiu~fiu Progressive form ~dallj~jinisnsr$iuun"ia"qd~b~uai

4.
To be + V-ed

HU~UTFI

Infinitive

d~fimun~iu~~unssu~ion
39 2 '

uarnszaudu Present Infinitive n7uibbfl~d%I:lafi

5.
TO

~ d a ~ ~ i n i ~ n ~ ~ v i l ~ ~ n ~ ~ u ~ ~ d ~
nuiuh Infinitive diin?iunuiutfiunssu
3

have been + V-ed

non uaznswiudu Perfect Infinitive ~ d ~ ~ b ~ m ~ ~ i n i ' i n s r v i i ~ b ~ m ~ ~ u n ~ u i b b f l w ds:Iun

Exercise 2 Read the following sentences carefully and put the given verbs into the correct form of Infinitive. Examples He was told not to take that road.

1. He likes (eat) the food, but he refuses (help) prepare it.

2.

She desires (not, disturb) for an hour. Warin's sistef encouraged her (take) part in the concert. The unexpected visit of the princess caused them (be happy)

3,
4.

5. He was sorry (miss) the beginning of the concert.

6.

It is annoying (disturb) while working. It's a pity Henry forgot (buy) some wine. He was (buy) some.

7.
8.

I am (go) them tomorrow, weather permitted.

145

EN 205

9.

Your grandfather must be a kind old gentleman (give) you such lovely presents.

10. They would like (join) the party last night.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ E I U Infinitive ~ ~ ~ ~ (Subject I U ~ of I Infinitive) Q J

Infinitive rfluhntui3drruuwdq ar$u3q&n~ilds:alur~uy'ns::~ii~lo

~ ~ u hniumskurol~dsmu~ou ~ i d Infinitive UGINJ I. m~&nissry rJnsrviidrfIu~~s~"siuuau Infinitive IiIdrJt~~rviirflu w a nssuaoqywun "for" knaruuul?irfiInfinitive 2 . ~ i n ~ n s r r l i d r f i u ~ s r a i u ~ f i u ~ i u i ~ ~ ~ o a s s w u ikdu u~u'#~~wi:: anyone, someone tfIlJh ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ % ~ llJ<l~n5r$I# d ~ r I ~ oIfi3 f i ~ l ~ M ' IunisrJuuiioianrdras7u~fi

uflol~n3ul&d

4 w

cY

.a. TO love is to give.

Idsrydsrmu uanudim~ns~"$I~kfIu

b. For Mary to love is to give.

I ~ u d s r u ad i ~ i u
"Mary"

#EI

c. It is good for Jane to get up early.

~udsr~~~&~lrdiJsrm "Jane' u#o

W~~I~~~UU nitn ~~ h ZInfinitive TUR

(The Anticipatory "it" and Infinitive)

'lumwknqrr lu'riouiiuu%!f Minitive 8uri~d5::1~~tta::fi7nu'7n"tic1~ dsrslu tdod7t5uiou'ld Infinitive h h r r ~ r 8 uR ~ r ~ d d u u ~ 8 ~ ~ u u d ~ : : l u ~ ~ ~ u l n u ' . # ' hurnd5rmurruyl (false subject) a u v vi~nuin"ttnud~::muun' ( T r u e subject) aoqd5dua 67n"dld~8~1 "it" C ( t j ~ ~ Anticipatory' j7 "it" &od~uSIurt~u rrrr*ru7u$u'ii3 m u (Impersonal pronoun) t*r51rlu"~~97n$7n"ttnud7 u7u'lm ua:: u d d d o & lriikmu t~ud~Cld?uu~rhnu~ntdud5::mu'l~n~~l~u~n5~tn~uu

a. TO save money is not easy.

b. ~t is not easy to save money. c. For Jane to exercise is fun.
k

I ~nitive rfluJ5zmuaosd5::h
I # "it" tflud5za~uuos~5::lu ~ u' I
Jane tfiU&5::fi7
I

~nfinitiveLCIUJ~~S~UUEIU~~::IE~R UEI::~

d. It is fun for Jane to exercise.

I 'la'

"it" ~UJ~::&U~~~J~::IFJRIH J

rfludszaiuaoun~aiuiun~uibn::'L.a'n"uq~~wn'oiiu 1 RUU
1.
w

w d '

fl~flibi142nbecome,

make, mean, require Liar take 5?~nUfl%Jln

k:

ibtf~~~i5~&27u$f (Verb I of feelings) h~Ud%UrnU w

d'

Ibu 'annoy, fascinate, interest btfl!

It + Verb + SO / Sth. + Infinitive

2.
good, intelligent
3.

q o l ~ ~ ~ s ~ i ~ n d 8 ' i u i ~ ~ ~ a u ~i ni~ i nfoolish, ~ ~ o l : :generous, oiiu

i f l ~ ~hu

~ ~ ~ u ~ I u G ~ u u

d'

"of' + Noun / Pronoun + Infinitive

~ N G H ~ CV-ing U ~ ~ d i i ~ a n ~ u a i s u n i ~ 2 iiiu u~n

w

alarming,

disappointing, embarassing iflu;~ &U~R'P.IRZ~U@UU "to" + Noun / Pronoun + Infinitive

d'

Examples

Notes
d
c:

a. It took John many hours to finish

this work. b. ~t requires lots of care to grow strawberries.

d ~ ~ 6 7 ~Infinitive ~ i l U
nssuaaudszlflm
I

John M L ~ W .

JSZ~YIUUM Infinitive iridnng i i ~ ~ 5 i

~uiu~u'Lmsn1~1
Jsrmuaau Infinitive i f l ~ n s s u ~ a u
' ' ~ yf
~~udsr67~1au Infinitive L~~URSSUUJU
d
Y

c. It was nice of you to help me in

time of trouble. d. It is proper of the students to pay tespect to the teacher.

'60f'y

e. It was disappointing to the children "not to..." i f l ~ d d ~ i t f fInfinitive ia~~ not to get presents on Christmas. f. It was satisfying to all of us to finish work on schedule
148
d5:67WUi)U

Infinitive 1flWfl'i'i~~ilU "to"

EN 205,

Infinitive tflunss~cinunkywun"of"

d 5 z I ~ ~ ~ d i j ~V-ing ~~i Qu Z Ld ~U dU ~ ~ S~ % ~ U Infinitive UD~ ~SU n55un~unkywun "tow 3. lunsd# Infinitive f l ~ 7 7 1 1L~ S ~ 1U LRI ~ ~ Inqd ~ "not" l-fnM'7 piow
2.

Exercise 3 Rewrite the following s the sentence. ith the anticipatory "it" as the subject of

Examples
To study a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to study a foreign language

1. To break the ice is not easy.

2.

For us to quit now would be unthinkable. To forfeit the game was unnecessary. For them to declare bankruptcy will be humiliating. For him to take required courses now would be wise. To explain that theory would take days. To brave this blizzard would be a suicide. For Kate to return unexpectedly was hardly a coincidence.

3.
4.

5. To prolong the meeting seemed useless.

6.

7.
8. 9.

10. To vote is a citizen's duty.

Exercise 4

-.

1
I

Complete the following sentences by putting the given verbs into Infinitive form. Also add its subject in an appropriate position.
.

It is annoying to Jane to be awaken by an alarm clock every

1 . '
2.

Jt" .is wise (you, book) the tickets in advance. It is impolite (the boy, behave) like that to his parents. It is fun (the children, watch) the circus. It is thoughtful (Henry, prepare) lunch for us (John, finish) his work on schedule is impossible, It is *frustrating(kit;;' have) cats all over her place.

3,,
4. 5.

6.

7.
8.
9.

It is careless (~uejleavk)the door open while going out. It is shocking (Motiica, surround) by reporters. (The kitten, climb) do& from the tree is scary. It is fascinating (the boy, watch) the birds feed their offsprings.

10.

n$Ulkdd
3

Infinitive b!hfl%%J

(Verbs followed by infinitiv~)

dn~~unia1~um~ll&nq1faiui50dn55ubflu Infinitive 16 hofh54dfi4

uuu &CJ
1.

nquniuidfl~wa?iqSubject + Verb + Infinitive ~~.IHIII(IR~UJI dnnuuo~nituit~flud~::~~~ tflud~rmuuwInfinitive Riu h d u i n l u 1d'ut-i

afford, decide, forget L ~ U ~ U
2.
n[lun3etidfimdh

Subject + Verb + object + Infinitive

&

wuiumuj7 n.r.r~~~d.r~lun~~fi1~u'~dteud.r~muua4 wlntive Ain3vin~uflii

ttd advise, cause, encourage. I ~ U ~ U

3.

n4uniai#ioio1&wd5'1dn"d

uuu #indiauiuda Go

Subject +

Verb + Infnitive Y l j ~ Subject + Verb. + Object + Infinitive riinimn4ud I;I,I,~

ask, beg, expect

I,~~u&u

a. John cannot afford to buy a car.

b. We determine to study hard. c. The doctor advised Pete to quit smoking

John cannot afford + John buy a car. We determine + we study hard. The doctor advised Pete + Pete quit smoking.
1

d. My mother gets my sister to wash her o m clothes. e. 1 want to go abroad. g. I want my son to go abroad.

mother gets my sister + my sister II My I washes her own clothes.

I want + I go abroad.

I want my son + my son goes abroad.

Exercise 5 Complete the following sentences by putting the given verbs into the Infinitive form. Examples The students were not allowed to talk while taking the exam.

1.

We must wait (hear) the examination results before we make any plans.

2.

My daughter will be thrilled (wear) an evening dress as lovely as that.

3.
4.

I would love my son (go) abroad. She was hurt (find) that her young man had forgotten her birthday. It seems (be) impohable. The doctor warned Jack (not, touch) alcohol. Do not promise (do) it, if you are not sure that you can. Those who have registered are entitled (get) a free copy. She is happy (find) such a nice place (live) in. The candidate did not expect his daughter (pass) the driving test.

5.
6.

7.
8. 9.

10.
Exercise 6

, Complete the following sentences by putting the given verbs into the

Gerund or Inlinitive form. Examples Have you forgotten my telling you about the boss' speech? Try to remember,

1. Little Jenny was afraid of the ghost, sd she hated (leave) alone in the
dark. She always asked her mother (leave) the door open and (turn on) the light all night. Her mother tried (convince) that there is no ghost but in vain. She has not changed her mind, not until (have) a child of her own.

2.

Jim was arrested yesterday. He was charged of (rob) the bank last

Sunday. He denied (involve) in the crime. He said he went (fish) with his friends. They spent the whole day (talk) and (relax) by the lake. One of his friends warned him (not, smoke) too much and told him how (quit) (smoke). was good, they had chance (swim). dinner together. Since the weather

On the way home, they also stopped (have)

3.

It was ~orn's'fondest dream (make) a tour to Europe and (visit) She

many interesting places. It was exciting (she, go) abroad for the first time.

planned (ask) some friends (join) her but (she, ask) was useless because everybody was afraid of (fly) for the first time. Her mother warned her (bring) a lot of thick clothes and (be) careful about (spend) money.