Rl'lldlRUql

I . ~n8~~e~u?n'ud?ud~:nt)uaa.jt]y~~n
2. ~ISL~%J~H'IUDLSEI.J
w v

3. f l 1 5 ~ 1 5 7 ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l 0 b ~ ~ ~
4.

n 1 5 1 ~ u ~ d 5 r ~ u n ~ ~ y ~ ~ nd5:hlnEi<u~yu ?1ud76~

L L R E ~ ~ ~ ~ P I E ~ ? ~

5. ~anf;iwua::8uw"usn7~u
6. f l l 5 0 1 5 1 9 1 l ~ ~ ~ l ~ l ~

ikaJsrrr6
9

rdo~~uu~uunu~m~un~n~iai
2. iGn~ianvlauacso~ ua:~ilG~~u~:au5un15~3uut]y~~n
3. ~ ~ n ~ a ~ i n u a z e G s n l w r n 5 ~ i l u w t ] y ~ ~ n
vw
Pd

4. ~ i i u u d ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ : y ~ ~ n ~ i u ~ ~ ~ ~ e w u ~ z ~ a ~
5.
6.

iuud~~~una(iu~~vilu"~~nn~w~~n::duw'u~n~wn"~
~iiuud5zTuma~dC(~~ui::au

7. m n ~ c e k ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ u u ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~

~ / T ~ ~ R R ?(Definition) IU

d.srnsuvi7u7 iilun'ou oyian (paragraph) IIUWS~.~~$J d'irlu~cfu'~~~u~uw'u~n'u edou97nvi~u b 8 h u o h ~ u ~ ~ o 1 ~ h u a s e o ' u ~ c n " u ~ nc' u i in o~ ~~ au u~' m o a m ~ ~ t Tmunalduvinr ~du domW~~d.cmnuAaud5::bun 3 8% l o d 5 s ~ t 1 n 1 ~ ~ 3 7 u d~:h~nflfiflyu ~~fl unrd.rJ n a l d d5~1flfld5%~19~~7~d76~ ~~:T~P;~PRk ~X.J (aM topic sentence) a'& a (main idea) aoudonih rilud~da~d~suon1~'cj~~un.r~ui~oyc~nuucu~~~~d
douorl~~u~?.rr~ud5t~u~bb5na oo u~ 'w o1 ~5 c6 ~~ n7 u 1 u $ ~ e ~ u u u ~ u ~ u o ~ ~ 1 u ' ~

dsr1u~aiim6iau~ ~ o u w ~ i a ~ c ~ u u o ~ ~ u d ~ u ~ u p ~ o ~ o ~ c ~ n d.r~lunrcriut~yu (supporting sentences) So n~udx4in~d~uo2~7u 113o ~~mu~n~nncdu~n"uduClnd~al?'~u~ uvinr ~~~ du .r ~r ~l~ u nn a~ ~u rnedu ~n ~ 'o n~ ' c8ulusn~nrsd7u 7 d.rzluanld (a concluding sentence) 8~d~&nC(u~n~~~d~drduan"u1~ mu$u~umlud.r:lun~u'un~u u n r s n y i l r d u 2 ~ l n i i l ~ 3 n a 7 ~ ~ l 7 ~ ~o ~h l~ &'6 7u1t d cnu~uu?.royean~n~~c~uudmb~u mdd11wa176 o ~ ~ ~ ) l ~ u t ~ u u d ~ ~ ' ~ u n ~ ~ d d d 67Ltfllu~1?7~Vkl ~UB.J(Transitional words, phrases, or clause) 30 d7n
W

~ ~ f l ~ ~ R ~ 7 u d ~ b d D ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 7 ~ d 5 ~ 1 ~ ~ 1 l ~ ~ ~ 7 d $ 3 ~ b b f l

lfi#mt~u&~a~h~l~c127~8 lu'argmc3udau md~lia 7

n 1 5 L ~ s n ~ ~ m 7 3 8 7 6 ~(Selecting ~ 3 d ~ 9 and Limiting n Topic)

a. b.
I

Astronomer Weather

EN 205

n'7~a.jsdonr~uu~a~arsa.j LCweather" t ~ n r i ~ -u V~ a CJv ~ t s m d a ~ d

a. b. c. Weather in summer Weather in ~hailanh

au~n~z~tuz~~~fit~anda.~

The difference of weather in each season.

d?uii?h ' ~ s t r o n o m e r ' ~ ~ ~ d a ~ t ~ ~ ~ 6 1 ~ ~ 7 f l ~ z i ~ u u f i m ~ & a . j ~ d ~ 1 n ~ s d 4 ' Incf1kmiiiinu7n u ~ n r l u o ~ n i ~ ~ i ~ u u ~ z u " m a ~ ~~u ' I o ~ u~a::imuilncf7 isauua~tta'a musarJu~'L~u'7~tta'a w v d rdnnna.j1~1~'uhi7~rduuda~1nrba'a ~urausiald~a finscumauonw Y w v b: $7 nsoumqumacnmn~autw"u.j'Ln~1nwaaouuuancfm::n3'7~rra::1zir~w7::~(~1s~q, (broad and general) R ~ ~ 6 a ~ n ~ 5 ~ ~ 6 n m u ~ n H1 % ~~~ % 1Ym (uzr~lw~a~lnfu unu
~W

(more specific) t d ~ Q ~ ~ 6 H 7 c n ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' L 6 ~ t ~ ~ 3 7 ~ ~ 7 ~ 1 ' i ~ ~ w " 4 ~ ~ t 0

d~n~era~n~s~~~n~auarsa~~M'ijma~ur~~ J~ W er~~~wa~~vi~
1.

v 94

W V

ad

(Y

d)

riiqnynrilw~zniau'~u1miaad7u~d~ tdu
General topic: Limited topic: More limited:

Victorian Literam Victorian novels Emily Bronte

2.

ni~n8da.j~u'udiissu~#u 7 unudrtnri17~daus::u::raa~t173 7 rdu

General topic: More specific:

The history of American music The age of Rock'n Roll.

3.

uuq$a~ado~oontflud$:~Piuuh~~uudwdraiiudua tdu
General topic:

The Temple of the Emerald Buddha

Spedflc topic:
4.
u v

Mural painting

h h w a aa na~1~rrmuaulnu tu'utc1r(~5:~4ou l&id mix: m u d n3oTmqdnwA idu

General topk: Speclflc toplc: General toplc: Specific topic:

Shopping Shopping on tight budget (condition) Touring Bangkok Touring G r a n d Palace (place)
171

EN 205

I
General topic: Specific topic: Exercise 1

Planting flowers Panting flowers for pleasure (purpose)

In each of the following lists, write a topic that is more limited.

Examples

Watches
1.

My grandfather's gold watch.

Camping equipment Flowers Musical instrument Writers TVstars Language Thai food Open universities
Rock is a general word.

2.
3.

4. 5.
6.

7.
8.

Qcrartz is more specific.

Quartz crystals is even more specific.

nn?sul~h(bm.l

ing and . Choosing Details for Topic)',

sd b

nmni$avakba 7 rdnJiu71#h.u"uuuu7m 25mnmo ~uurlnii~wun~dilis2n'u d d ~aLvmqndinumfi huwuiuiu~tiudfl6~7nn"~m #ur a u d r d u d ~ u ~ i l m ~ ~ u d ~ ~ ~ ~ riln ~ n~w51::lu ~r~u~l~n~~~ v , d ds ui~mfq ~ d o m n a ~ l o r ~ a n ~ ~ a a r ~ a u n m m a ' i ~ m ~ i u ~ 'w uviwaa~iiaai arJzr~uu1~ dud nuarrZumnR'udnnpi7iimagl5lriaon rnnc~urdu$uht~uzJinmn~mfiiio ~259:: o l v d dduw2aacsa~dulnd umni~asino~duu~i6da~r8uoiaId iia7r~6ai~~wui~7u b: d m ~ d 7 n i u r d u 2 r i ~ $ 2 a ' o d a . j ~ q n a '~ ~a u a ~ ~ ~ n n ~ ~ ~ u ~ u i a w i ~ ~ m o u a d .nua::$um h q 7 drasia anu1I6 diniunaio~fiud5zlu'~1w"fia what, when, where,
I V
01

d4

'

d4

why, who
8
u

i ~ ~ h

t d a ~ m n s ~ r d u m I i l ~ i n ~ ~ a u ~~ueioldiia ~ s r r a ' ~ ~oizonnuarrBun dcr w w v d adiuunnzga uh9'ulz~uaztBumnuan1~~zma'~u~a~nura1rdun~u 7 daununzdum i u v d c r w 2 ui~a~~~6Iridu~l~n'uw~aa~5a~nmm~~ld ~ u u i ~ n k a ~ o w nunzr8umdiq uii 7 n"vl7u~kn'iiu~nud diniuniz 1 oyran v n n r ~ u r d u $ ~ i i n ~ o r ~ ~ i ~ n ' m ~ ~ u a : : ~ Zloluri~wuni~ u~r~~~u"un~Id
w v

oz$uumar5a~knh~ua'nw~::'Im u a ~ m m r i l a n i m ~ $ ~ ' o u a ~ ~ z ~ i ~ ~ l ~ d ~ :

6aeriw

Topic: Studying English

Details: a. interesting
1

'

b. for entertaining

2 2
1

c. study in"c1ass d. studyfromTV e. watching foreign movies f. listen to folk ballad g. The Titanic h. Where have all the flowers gone
L

1
1 1

EN 205

173

i. in business

3
3
1

j. for working
k. to find a job
d

~in6~adi~~z~ftu1cil'iini5~m~iuar:b3um1ddi~~u6n~~G~ubQud~::cbu~ tdnloisiuaz~8umuhAui~mhiu 1uhnciiJd~r:b~u1cil'~i~iflbbu'~5iuaz18um1cil'b~u 3 nEju i n

1.
entertainment

1.1 watching foreign movies

- The Titanic
1.2 listen to folk ballad - Where have all the f7owers gone 2.
study
\

2.1 in class 2.2 from TV

3.

business

3.1 for working 3.2 for finding a job

hniunuar~lunluucia::n~uni~bbun~iluu1~~Qu 1 nybavl

UU~~I~&KI

lunduC( 2 ua:: (3 n ~ w ~ z ~ r i n d d # n n i iic n ~ z l u u + h 7 iin?sn~s7uaz$umb~ufu

Exercise 2
Choose three of the given topics and try to write details as much as you can. Then try to group related details together.

1. 2.
3.
4.

collecting stamps How to study English Summervacation.

A game center

5.

Smoking

The post office sorts

...

. . . all outgoingmail.

\
(Blurnenthal :1 996, 8 2 )

nisdurrds~Tu~uanl~ a16t+j ~ a i ~(Writing 1

a Topic Sentence)

d s d u ~ $ ~ o n (a I topic d sentence) duds::~un#fina7ud~6'~ u ~ n an::~::dauuon @7ui70Y~~~d~,dua&~n"udaq EI::I~ ua::cix~i~lJ~~u~'lmTmu b: vcr $aid ~.rdntq::dau15b3uds::lu~~13n bbu'i7~uu~~nstc?buuua~~a~u~~udaw~u 7 8 aoqoybanfild' usid7niu~bZuudoh1uaudnw"m uauurd7'lnt#~oiuo~band'au 4' dsrbndunnl~na7ud76' ~r~~::uonil~nds::lsnu~::daud7n7.jlw'n"u~i7ubba'a
n7sbiuuds::lunuonlo~a7udi@ ~1::U'dauJuWYUiod7qIna'9mn'u v v nuazdomht 7 akm~~a::~mn4~bo7l?u~?aa s~ua::~ium~n~i~8u~::dauuon1M'~~7
n?s~rliiuuo~~~n$u?~m~7una'no~i~ls ua::lwnuniinuunno
b ~ u d 3 ~ l u ~ ~ o n ' L Q ~ ? b0.j 7 U 'd 7 6 ' ~ ~ ~
8
d u

ds::lun~~~o::daud~n~.jlM'n'u~~~uu~aui~oei~~Zuu~a~ds::~~u~"s~uon~o~

hmuuuoonu7

'

dcr

Topic: Rich people

I '

Topic sentence: Rich people are not always the happiest.

It is hard to be rich people.

Exercise 3

this airpc-rt road sign

...

-1mlsuos uaaq ~ o u sey ssaBo~d s11 lnq 'su!v% ppos pm qwouo3a awos apvw sey sselxapun ayl 'smad luasal my1 ssal m a
UI

*L .sseplapun ayl

UUOJ

pm? o o s C p $

O ~ M a~doad ay1

a n sdnoB asayl yleauaa -9 .ssels

JO

aIpp!w ayl laws 01' a3my3 1!ej e ahey

ssep a1ppIw ayl JO a%pa

JaMoI ay1 uo ara Jayqa asarll, .g * 0 0 o C o $~pue oosCp$ uaamlaq m a p~!q-auo Jaylouv .p .sn1e)s ssols-alpp~wjo saltqvy 1uesoald a q JO bur dorua darll, *g
.slow 1 0o

0 o C o$ ~ JO aw031.q d~!rua~

aheq p q - a u o ~ s o w ~ .Z y .az!s ~enbad1y%nol JO s'dnod a a q o~u!q ~ d s am salws paqun ay1 JO s y q q uo!~~!wp~ arll, -1
I

bcp"e$

(sa3ua~uas Zuyoddns .IOU!~) bobflh~nfl~ n

unpbp L ~ R$ U 1 1~ ~ L u ~ ~ , ~ (sa3uamas I u L I ( lu!uoddns lobw) uounhyn n ~ P n n unpbp LFURB bLUIRVI1(I$I(UgftLLUn,Uf PbMtfBUUR~bp (d113a~!p~!10 ~ I ~ J W P ) '-P noFbucnulywubucnuLn1 hu~pn~~ub~uluanunpspekb n u$bugnLLu ~ , U E @ $ L R ~ n ~ p s ~ n ~ b p uninn u ~ n ~ y bnp h n a e n ~ ~ n ~ ~ l d n uDYYMLVUGI ~~~~u~p~e~ho
p u e ~ h n fl~LRym@bphfl@fl@fnLLUbURLnb n n n e (&l!un)
n

MLUl4@1

' 1

@par z ~ n h ~ n n ~ u n p r p n t n n d n ~ ~ : : b ~ ~ ~ ~ p n o u : : b p y,b @ n ~ ~ ~ p
(uosta~ 10 a1dl.W~~) UM~~@~~~n L~~?LU)RL~~LLURCRR~

u P uyn~run~n~_ounprpue~h njrnytnpcbgbbpofbuuffunpbpnLFnLtu on~~u~~ n ~ n ay~ bosr ~ ~ppuar u ha (~uawale~s I=J) bgmpopu~~,rr unp~ysn~f~euynhmfi~ P u n ~ b pw a l a b b pnruu auuh::m~urmmrruropfn~~fnpuefhou~kb n nL.nnF r~uwyw~rpubnob@~13~o~boy::bb~ n un~f::un~bp~on nl.L~~~~fi~bnhBnfiB u n ~ $ p ua1habaausnugn~rubuBff::b n h2~pn~nloluonuq~p~ma
I

h r i u 6 n l ~(Coherence) vu7aiiu m 5 ~ m 5 ~ ~ ~ m ~ 5rv37u d@~d~4 J5r1amd7u 7 luoycan 8y canS(n'~rsio~~~w'u6n7r(cf~@~~u~rv~7u~~r~um0 7 &vuluma7ui7udarrhr1um0~iouu'ot7rc~u'4tluu'u~u u~~iir~~wcldo~u~uItr'i~ri~~u o:hou~ud~cruru'uU"u h~~u35n~~dmd~~~~J5::~u~~du~~n'u~ It: rzuuoy ranuu 7 r6ud7diy d ~ ~ f u i j ' i i n ~ ~ r i u u d ~ ~ rand~asi~nil ud~~~um~u~~ d' 3 d~rmn m u u 2.1 nwdsod~ciun~uncll (Chronologid order) #D n75rj1~ iii&un~sn.rrriiv~orvQn~5d~rfimdu~~n9@r~u~u ciuudslddou QU~.J~(IQU n~~liuuihmuaau~rlirrun~5ru'uurn'~I:~l~ ur7notiu~~~umunoun~~si~1iiuu~ud~u 7 tf7M%dTM?~?# (Transitional words or phrases) &?Iu d 5 r T ~ t d ~ n75lauoyr a n ~ ~ r m n d niul3uciolS ~iu~ hrdouuonram c d u
2.
U

4 . d '

after afternard after a while

before earlier first

finally

in time

in the end
meanwhile
next

is soon as
at first

later

then
179

EN 205

He began to run, not knowing clearly where to run. He

(

" I ,

'

ran from the nearest blind man, because it was a horror to hit him. He stopped, and then made a dash to escape from their closing ranks, He made for where a gap was wide, and the men on either side, with quick perception of the approach of his paces, rushed in on one another. He sprang forward, and then saw he must be caught, and swish! The spade had struck. He felt the soft thud of hand and arm, and the man was down

a s through. with a yell of pain, and he w

M.G. Wellds The Country of the Blind

oy ~ ~ n & a ~ m ~ t d 7 d o t m u ~ ~ ~ ~ q n y ~ ~ 7 ~ 7 u ~ i

d d

muord~uriou~uiopi cj~uu~din~mscun~nmuuoio~u"o~n'uou'i~n:~8um ~ufi~g d vcr ~d~unu~.m~mmu~~qnisclfliou'i~2n~m iinoJ~uuul#u~mtmuoioido~o~~n~ud

d d

% I "and then"
'luoy~anfid7ds:1unuon1~1fiaiu~n'n ~rtn:~duunnkrouulduqdau dm ~d~~k~nddlh:lu "he ~R was ~d throughyy ~ d ~ f l 7 d : d M&wn m wa: d ~ ~ q r n d d7i q d7uld auguunR~u~m~~~omoon~d~6 2.2 rn~i~audm'um~ud~u~iu (Spatid order) ~ u l u i i q msfiuq

mund behind
180

beside between

in front of
inside '

toward under

EN 205

6aariw
The topography Snow-capped mountai Japan's total land area, up so per cent of ir rugged peaks offer,dramatic
.
8 .

scenery. In the valleys betwpen4he mountains are clear water

,

lakes and snow fed swift flowing rivers. The plains below the
mountains, filled with rice paddies, ore a brilliant green much

of the year.

The seashore Is a complex pattern of rocky

coastline, small harbors, and sandy beaches.

~ u ~ a n t i d 's z ~ u d 1 li k c n i u t f i i ~ q &il~in~tmztau opinion statement nY~ ~ n $ & n ~ n ~ s w s s m s z ~ n m ~ n ~ ~ ~ s "beautiful" ztn~~d~u k~n~~a13rud~zTu dn s'znT u ~ ~ u ' u ~ y ~ fact d7~ statements th d'l~n~wC(~am7u a d I~tt4yuciw 1 ii~n~5~iwd~6udszTu~t5uituu spatial order b a t < u ~ ~ n w u n 6 7 ~ 1 u d mmzdt~ugtm nztamu nnu uazmu$qnztan7ua7~'uu dun# ny tandtfIu~aori~qamoy tcannm~1and7q~dq t~nzidszlu~a~uonl~~nu ~76t&gmL ~ U d5z1a RHCUdYY n d 5 t : ~ ~ ~ i ~ u a u ' n . t n ' u ~ ~ ~ ttazin7s a~u~n ijuq 'n w da a d~munnsuliun1mnuunmwtiaz~u5usinr(n'~ 2.3 n ~ ~ f i u i a(Order i i of ~ m p o o d n a ) M U I ~ ~ u u n ~ 5 & d u ~ d ~ z T u ~ ~ m u 6 ~ u ~ n ~ ~ a ~ u d ~ ~ ~ t &onns:vl~~hmu ln~s~ua::~5um~ij~~ n t h L ~ iU juqrn&f(h~~qm ~dw~d~i(di~~auf ~! % qm ~i~wnd.td~iYty~~~~ madqm 'ldm&dh~iyu7n$qm tt~1?anu(lul~uutez~dsz~n~n7w#n du~nnciocllrlw7 .* v uln rml:tiburnsdau 7 r ? u u ~ ~ n u l n ~ 7 n d u c i 7 ~ u ' n ~ ~ 7 n ~ idddau m~u'i0ufi~~ C(sioqnist~uu7nC(qm da h~Su67 YPTna1 nudszTud 80
1
Y U

better yet best of all finally

first

more important worse yet worst

,

in the first place

least important

'

. * .

--

We ~ & ~ ~ to ; Songkhla a by several different means.

First, we can go by &in f r o m Hua Larnpong Station or from

Thbnburi Station to Hoad Yai Station. Or we can go by plane fro16 Don M g
Airport to Songkhla Airport. We can also go
3~

<I

by ship f r o m Klong Toey harbor to Songkhla harbor. Finally, we can go by bus or car. Of d l these ways, going by train is probably the safest.

(Leuschel :1 9 70, 125)

r oy idnd;i5ueyrandl rwnrijranmw gndszlaandi~nuqan~s "go to S O ~ ~ W Bt ~ u ~ i ~ ~ a ~ u a q n n ' 3 s d ~ t l u ~ s t :*'the t~i~ safestn ~~uo do n~ Tna i ar ~3r~aaifah'aubn~flrfifiih1u $L%IU% r " s ~ ~ 6 "train, 3 & 1plane, .ship, csr" VNU t~n~rai$~uaqiu~n$'l "train" L ~ I J "the safest" d ? ~ "car'? diq~ytfl~ "the least safe"
nd

i I

n~at3~udat:Tu~a~tJ (Writing a Concluding Sentence)

luuwoytan m~di~~urio~~~audsr~~aa~dt~od~ru~a dsrla~auir~yu &a~~~dd~r~aa~~danu~rnn'~~~~un~m~d~ r 4 ~?w~h/iqJ ndiqdo n d i ~ n u n a u c i i ~ ~ u l u ~ i n i jluul~~#;ds:bau~do~~ ni~d~ " V 4 tflun~su~ndo~n d~uwod~~td~~ r n5 ' uMhr ~3~ dfifiiicn o h uh ~~uotrur3"b dfiu7r H3O3aLt~iY~

h ~70'2fl dh~~~fl~ J'I l:f IU fR j~ l L~W~S~T~JR k&Ltn' R~~

in conclusion finally thus

in sum

a set of fingerprints is simple and experts

ed methods of classifying

and cataloguing fingexprints. No two fingerprints have been found to be exactly alike. Pingeqnints are the only easily recognizable key to a person's identity. In the hture,
fingerprints, rather than signatures, may be used to identify

people-

( ~ r o w n:1984, 427)

"identify people."

A summary sentence is like the answer to a problem.

Choose any given topic to write a paragraph of 100-200 words. Follow all the given instructions already discussed in this chapter. 1. University campus Entertainment at home / during festivals / etc. Kinds of teachers / students / parents
A family reunion / vacation / etc. A supermarket / a drug store / etc.
/

2.
3.
4. 5.

politicians / etc.

6. 7.

My hometown The journey I once made ,The most

II

8.

-.

experience I ever bad.

9.
10. 11.

The place 1 would like to go,

A typical weekday / weekend.

What I want to Atripto

,.

most.

12.
13.
14.

An experience at school / on the bus/ at a resort / etc.

Fashions in Thailand (men's
*/

II

women's

teenager's)

fnS~73066fi (Revising a paragrap

L t # u ~ n ' u a o u d s u7 dtuny ran

hR'uaoudszIafid7u7 luoytan m u u

R u ' ~ R ~ ~ ~ ~ l 3 l ~ ~ ~ d l ~ l M ~ l : d ~ ~

rdu m5rdidoq m~iu&~r?~rnum~i~diiYq

M%llu'

Topic sentence:

There

of pollution: water, noise, air.

Supporting sentences:

~~nduua~ul~maiufiez~nn'u~unrtluur?rlumouol'u

' dpl

d5:I:'FumM~da.i
3;

~~~WDU~II~~UU~S::T (Sente UGI

rndauinsd

nu du~~1qm~i~8~ri~ am b~ ~ogdszIu'n"IM'tflu~"ntluiamq3~ d cil1~~8~ rflu$u

4.
81731WBUfll5fllfilil

(Proofreading)
C 'Yd

&dnqann~,~au'~uuuu ma 4.1 msrznadi (spllihg)

4 . 2 h56fkJ~~krd (ci3talization) 4.a nmld~m~nqauqu (punctuation)

Exercise 5
After you have written a paragraph in Exercise 4, use the suggested criteria to revise your paragraph.

throw out what you donstneed

...

Have a simple plan

...

.. ... . .. . . . and work in an

orderly manner. use the right material

..,

~
I

(Blumenthal :1 966, 71)