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English: Jana Gana Mana (for Piano)
Jno Gno Mono
National anthem of
India
Lyrics Rabindranath Tagore, 1911
Music Rabindranath Tagore, 1911
Adopted January 24, 1950
Music sample
Jana Gana Mana (Instrumental)
Jana Gana Mana
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Jana Gana Mana"
[]
(Bengali: , Hindi:
) is the national anthem of India. Written in highly
Sanskritized (Tatsama) Bengali, it is the first of five stanzas of
a Brahmo hymn composed and scored by Nobel laureate
Rabindranath Tagore. It was first sung in
[1]
Calcutta Session
of the Indian National Congress on 27 December 1911.
"Jana Gana Mana" was officially adopted by the Constituent
Assembly as the Indian national anthem on January 24, 1950.
27 December 2011 marked the completion of 100 years of
Jana Gana Mana since it was sung for the first time.
[2][3]
The original poem written by Rabinder Nath Tagore was
translated into Hindi by Abid Ali. The original Hindi version
of the song Jana Gana Mana, translated by Ali and based on
the poem by Tagore, was a little different. It was "Sukh Chain
Ki Barkha Barase, Bharat Bhagya Hai Jaga....". Jana Gana
Mana was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as
the Indian national anthem on January 24, 1950.
[2][3][4]
[5][6][7][8]
A formal rendition of the national anthem takes fifty-two
seconds. A shortened version consisting of the first and last lines (and taking about 20 seconds to play) is also
staged occasionally.
[9]
Tagore wrote down the English translation
[10]
of the song and along with Margaret Cousins
(an expert in European music and wife of Irish poet James Cousins), set down the notation at Madanapalle in
Andhra Pradesh, which is followed only when the song is sung in the original slow rendition style of singing.
However, when the National Anthem version of the song is sung, it is done in the traditional grandiose Martial Style
of music, as scored by Captain Ram Singh Thakur in 1943.
[11]
Contents
1 Lyrics
1.1 Translation into English
2 Musical Composition and English Translation
3 Code of conduct
4 Controversies
5 See also
6 Footnotes
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links
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Lyrics
The text, though Bengali, is highly sanskritized (written in a literary register called Sadhu bhasa). As quasi-Sanskrit
text, it is acceptable in many modern Indic languages, but the pronunciation varies considerably across India. This is
primarily because most Indic languages are abugidas in that certain unmarked consonants are assumed to have an
inherent vowel, but conventions for this differ among the languages of India. The transcription below reflects the
Bengali pronunciation, in both the Bengali script and romanization.
Bengali script Bengali phonemic transcription NLK transliteration
-
.

" 7 G

5 7
7
7
' 7



7

, ,
,
,
Jnognomono-
odhinaeoko j e he
Bharotobhaggobidhata
Pnj abo Shindhu
Guj orao Mraha
Drabio Utklo Bnggo
Bindho Himachlo
Jomuna Gngga
Uchchhlo j lodhi
toronggo
Tbo shubho name j age
Tbo shubho ashish mage
Gahe tbo j eogatha
Jnognomonggolodaeoko
j e he
Bharotobhaggobidhata
Jeo he, j eo he, j eo he,
j eo j eo j eo, j eo he
Jana gaa mana adhinyaka
jaya he
Bhrata bhgya vidht
Pajb Sindhu Gujara
Marh
Drvia Utkala Vaga
Vindhya Himchala Jamun
Gag
Uchhala jaladhi taraga
Tava ubha nme jge
Taba ubha hia mge
Gye tava jaya gth
Jana gaa magala dhyaka
jaya he
Bhrata bhgya vidhta
Jaya he, jaya he, jaya he
Jaya jaya jaya, jaya he.
Translation into English
The following translation, attributed to Tagore, is provided by the Government of India's national portal:
[9]
Thou art the ruler of the minds of all people,
Dispenser of India's destiny.
Thy name rouses the hearts of Punjab, Shindhu,
Gujarat and Maratha,
Of the Dravida and Orisa and Bangla;
It echoes in the hills of the Vindhyas and Himalayas,
mingles in the music of Jamuna and Ganges and is
chanted by the waves of the Indian Ocean.
They pray for thy blessings and sing thy praise.
The saving of all people waits in thy hand,
Thou dispenser of India's destiny.
victory forever.
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Rabindranath Tagore
Courtyard in Madanapalle
where Jana Gana Mana
was first sung.
This English translation by Tagore is known as The Morning Song of India
and continues for four more stanzas.
Musical Composition and English
Translation
Rabindranath Tagore translated "Jana Gana Mana" from Bengali to English
and also set it to music in Madanapalle,
[11]
a town located in the Chittoor
district of Andhra Pradesh state, India. Though the Bengali song had been
written in 1911, it was largely unknown except to the readers of the Brahmo
Samaj journal, Tatva Bodha Prakasika, of which Tagore was the editor.
During 1919, Tagore accepted an invitation from friend and controversial
Irish poet James H. Cousins to spend a few days at the Besant Theosophical
College situated at Madanapalle of which Cousins was the principal. On the
evening of February 28, 1919 he joined a gathering of students and upon
Cousins' request, sang the Jana Gana Mana in Bengali. The college
authorities, greatly impressed by the lofty ideals of the song and the praise to God,
selected it as their prayer song. In the days that followed, enchanted by the dreamy
hills of Madanapalle, Tagore wrote down the English translation of the song and
along with Cousins' wife, Margaret (an expert in Western music), set down the
notation which is followed till this day. The song was carried beyond the borders of
India by the college students and became The Morning Song of India
[10]
and
subsequently the national anthem.
Today, in the library of Besant Theosophical College in Madanapalle, the framed
original English translation of Jana gana Mana, titled as The Morning Song of
India in Tagore's handwriting, is displayed.
[12]
Code of conduct
The National Anthem of India is played or sung on various occasions. Instructions have been issued from time to
time about the correct versions of the Anthem, the occasions on which these are to be played or sung, and about
the need for paying respect to the anthem by observance of proper decorum on such occasions. The substance of
these instructions has been embodied in the information sheet issued by the government of India for general
information and guidance.
[9]
Controversies
In July 1985 in the state of Kerala, some of the Jehovah's Witnesses' children were expelled from school under the
instructions of Deputy Inspector of Schools for having refused to sing the national anthem, Jana Gana Mana. A
parent, V. J. Emmanuel, appealed to the Supreme Court of India for legal remedy. On August 11, 1986, the
Supreme Court overruled the Kerala High Court, and directed the respondent authorities to re-admit the children
into the school. The decision went on to add: "Our tradition teaches tolerance, our philosophy preaches tolerance,
our Constitution practices tolerance, let us not dilute it".
[13]
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A controversy swirls around the claim by Captain Ram Singh Thakur, an associate of Netaji Subhas Chandra
Bose, that he, and not Rabindranath Tagore, wrote the score for the national anthem on Netaji's behest.
[5][6][7]
An
advertisement released in Calcutta newspapers by the Gorkha Hill Council to mark the Netaji Subhas Chandra
Bose centenary on January 23, 1997 plunged him into controversy.
[8]
The advertisement hailed him as the Gorkha
who set the national anthem to music, following sharp reactions that such a claim was never made before. Capt.
Ram Singh Thakur intended to write a letter to President Shankar Dayal Sharma
[8]
claiming that his contribution in
composing the score of the national anthem is being refuted just because he is a Gorkha. Netaji's nephew, Dr Sisir
Bose, said that Captain Ram Singh Thakur had composed the band-score of a Hindi song, Subh Sukh Chain
similar to the national anthem, but not identical. Tagore is widely believed to have himself set the lyrics of "Jana
Gana Mana" to music as early as 1919,
[11]
like he had done to Amar Shonar Bangla, now the National Anthem of
Bangladesh,
[14]
Ekla Cholo Re, another favorite song of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, and his numerous other
musical compositions, famous as Rabindra Sangeet. The credit to Tagore for the music of "Jana Gana Mana" is also
upheld by the Government of India.
[9]
See also
Jana Gana Mana (the complete song) for lyrics of all 5 stanzas and controversies in detail
The Morning Song of India. Wikisource.English Interpretation of Full "Jana Gana Mana" in Tagore's
handwriting
Jana Gana Mana Video
Vande Mataram -The National Song of India by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
Subh Sukh Chain
Indian National Pledge by Swami Vivekananda
An earlier poem by Tagore (Amar Shonar Bangla) was later selected as the national anthem of Bangladesh.
Ekla Cholo Re by Rabindranath Tagore
Footnotes
. ^ Bengali: , Jno Gno Mono
Notes
1. ^ Monish R. Chatterjee (13). "Tagore and Jana Gana Mana" (http://www.countercurrents.org/comm-
chatterjee310803.htm) . http://www.countercurrents.org. http://www.countercurrents.org/comm-
chatterjee310803.htm.
2. ^
a

b
Bhatt, P.C, ed. (1999). Constituent Assembly Debates. XII. Lok Sabha Secret.
3. ^
a

b
Volume XII. Tuesday, the 24th January 1950. Online Transcript, Constituent Assembly Debates
(http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/vol12p1.htm)
4. ^ National Anthem - Know India. Nation Portal of India. Government of India.
(http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_anthem.php)
5. ^
a

b
Ganpuley's Memoirs.1983. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.p204
6. ^
a

b
Rajendra Rajan (May 4, 2002). "A tribute to the legendary composer of National Anthem"
(http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020504/windows/main2.htm) . The Tribune.
http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020504/windows/main2.htm.
7. ^
a

b
"Controversy over Jana Gana Mana takes a new turn" (http://www.rediff.com/news/apr/26anthem.htm) .
6/16/12 Jana Gana Mana - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Rediff. http://www.rediff.com/news/apr/26anthem.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-08.
8. ^
a

b

c
"Who composed the score for Jana Gana Mana? Gurudev or the Gorkha?"
(http://www.rediff.com/news/feb/22anthem.htm) . Rediff. http://www.rediff.com/news/feb/22anthem.htm.
Retrieved 2008-06-08.
9. ^
a

b

c

d
National Anthem - Know India. Nation Portal of Government of India.
(http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_anthem.php)
10. ^
a

b
"The Morning Song of India" (http://ramanraj.blogspot.com/2007/08/morning-song-by-rabindranath-
tagore.html) . K. Ramanraj. http://ramanraj.blogspot.com/2007/08/morning-song-by-rabindranath-tagore.html.
Retrieved 2007-08-15.
11. ^
a

b

c
Vani Doraisamy (March 19, 2006). "India beats: A Song for the Nation"
(http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/03/19/stories/2006031900120400.htm) . Chennai, India: The Hindu.
http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/03/19/stories/2006031900120400.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-25.
12. ^ "English Translation of Janaganamana" (http://satyashodh.com/janaganaman/) . Manjula Bose.
http://satyashodh.com/janaganaman/. Retrieved 2011-08-15.
13. ^ "Bijoe Emmanuel & Ors V. State of Kerala & Ors [1986 (http://www.worldlii.org/in/cases/INSC/1986/167.html)
INSC 167"]. World Legal Information Institute. August 11, 1986.
http://www.worldlii.org/in/cases/INSC/1986/167.html.
14. ^ Tagore- Composer of National Anthem of India and Bangladesh (http://www.nationalanthems.info/in.htm)
References
Dutta, K; Robinson, A (1995), Rabindranath Tagore, St. Martin's Press, ISBN 0-312-14030-4.
External links
India: Jana Gana Mana - Audio of the national anthem of India, with information and lyrics
(http://nationalanthems.me/india-jana-gana-mana/)
My India My Pride - Know India. National Portal of India. Government of India. (Also contains the official
version of the Indian National Anthem in audio format as well as in video format
(http://india.gov.in/myindia/myindia.php)
Indian Anthem in MIDI Format (http://www.nationalanthems.info/in.htm) .
A rendition of Indian Anthem in MP3 format (http://www.indembassy-
lisbon.org/uk/mp3/indian_anthem.mp3) from the Indian embassy in Lisbon, Portugal
(http://www.indembassy-lisbon.org/uk/emb_history.html) .
Genesis of Jana Gana Mana (http://www.freeindia.org/vmataram/genesis_of_janaganamana.shtml)
Jana Gana Mana (India's National Anthem) - An Inferential Linguistic Analysis
(http://www.hamiltoninstitute.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=70&Itemid=30) from
The Hamilton Institute (http://www.hamiltoninstitute.com/index.php)
with The Complete English Translation
100 years since 'Jana Gana Mana' was born (http://www.thehindu.com/arts/history-and-
culture/article2752111.ece?homepage=true) detail history.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jana_Gana_Mana&oldid=497658577"
Categories: National anthems Bengali literature Indian songs National symbols of India
Indian patriotic songs Songs written by Rabindranath Tagore Bengali-language songs
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