Unit No.

3 Logarithms
1.Scientific Notation
A number written in the form a scientific notation. 10n , where 1 a < 10 and n is an integer . is called the

2.Logarithm of a Real Number

If ax = y the x is called the logarithm of y to the base a and is written as loga y =x, where a > 0 , 1 and y > 0

3.What is the base of Common Logarithms?

The base of common logarithm is 10.

4.What is the base of Natural Logarithms?

The base of the natural logarithm is e.

5.Common Logarithm
If the base of logarithms is taken as 10 then these logarithms are called common logarithms or Briggesian logarithms.

6.Who invented Common logarithms ?

Henry Brigges, an English mathematician and astronomer developed common logarithms.

7.Who invented Natural Logarithms?

John Napier invented the table of natural logarithms.

8.Characteristic

Mudassar Nazar Notes

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The integral part of the logarithm of any number is called characteristic.

9.Who invented Anti-logarithms?

In 1620 A.D, Prof. Jobst Burgi prepared the table of anti-logarithms.

10.Mantissa
The decimal part of the logarithm of any number is called mantissa. It is always positive.

11.Antilogarithm
The number whose logarithm is given is called antilogarithm. i.e., if logay = x , then y is the antilogarithm of x, or y = antilog x

12.Laws of Logarithm
Followings are the Laws of logarithm: i ii. iii. iv. loga(mn) = logam + logan loga = logam - logan

logamn = n logam logan= logbn logab

Mudassar Nazar Notes

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