International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH IN 0976 6480(Print),

, ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, April (2013), IAEME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJARET) ISSN 0976 - 6480 (Print) ISSN 0976 - 6499 (Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, April 2013, pp. 163-169 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijaret.asp Journal Impact Factor (2013): 5.8376 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

IJARET
IAEME

ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORT PROPERTIES FOR HYDRO FLUOROCARBON (HFCS) REFRIGERANT FOR AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
B.HADYA1, Dr. P. USHA SRI2
1 2

Assistant Professor, Mechanical engineering department, U.C.E., Osmania University Associate Professor, .Mechanical engineering department, U.C.E., Osmania University

ABSTRACT This paper presents the simulated results of an Air-Conditioning Condenser with hydro fluorocarbon(HFCs) group refrigerant of 1 TR capacity with available experimental data of condensing temperature (Condensing Temperature 54.45C pressure 14.72 bar) with different ambient conditions (Ambient air Temperatures) as per Indian scenario. The critical factors which influences design consideration for optimum performance of Air-Conditioning are, ambient temperature, Compressor selection, Condenser design, air flow through condenser, selection of refrigerant and refrigerant properties. The overall heat transfer coefficient (U) W/m2 K and Condenser surface area (A) m2 influences the size of a condenser, i.e the sizing of condenser is described by UA-value evaluation. The evaluation should include, Gross heat rejection, ambient temperature, temperature difference and air flow rate. The ambient temperatures of air (cooling medium) from 25C to 40C were chosen and results obtained were shown and compared with different ambient temperature. For the ambient temperature 25C the simulated UA-value is 0.149 kW/ K and 40 C the UA-Value is 0.487 kW/ K. The refrigerant properties play an important role in refrigeration and air conditioning, if the condenser with constant air flow rate, the density of the selected refrigerant varies with ambient temperature, for the ambient Temperature 25 oC and 40 oC, the simulated density obtained were 961 kg/m3 and 893 kg/m3. From the simulated results for higher ambient temperatures with constant air flow rate 960 (m3/h), for selected condensing temperature the condenser effectiveness reduces due to decrease in the log mean temperature difference (LMTD) value. The variation of UA-value is depends on the type of condenser, compressor capacity, type of refrigerant used and other transport properties. For Air Conditioning installation the important consideration on condenser design is type of load i.e latent heat load and sensible heat load in this present analysis only latent heat load is considered at constant condensing temperature for evaluation. Keywords: Hydro fluorocarbon (HFCs) Alternate refrigerant, Condensing Temperature, UA-value and LMTD.

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, April (2013), IAEME 1.0 INTRODUCTION The significance of refrigeration and air conditioning is increasing every day, the refrigerant used in refrigeration system plays very important role in refrigeration system. Refrigerant like Chloro- fluorocarbon (CFC), Hydro Chloro fluorocarbon (HCFC) has been used for many decades as a working medium because of their better performance, but due to some environmental impact there is a need to search for alternate refrigerant like hydro fluorocarbon(HFCs), Hydrocarbon(HCs) have emerged as zero ozone potential depletion and low global warming potential with favorable performance[1-3].In refrigeration Cycle heat is received at low temperature and rejected at high temperature, while a net work is done on the fluid (refrigerant).The practical refrigeration cycle is composed of flow processes, each process being carried out in a separate component. Figure 1 shows the simple vapour compression refrigeration cycle, the main components of refrigerating system are Compressor, condenser expanding Device and evaporator the function of the compressor is to compresses the vapour refrigerant to condenser, condenser is located at high pressure side and its function is to remove heat from hot vapour refrigerant discharged from the compressor, the function of the expansion valve is to reduce the pressure. Evaporator is an important device used in low pressure side of refrigeration system the function of evaporator is to absorb heat from the medium which is to be cooled by means of refrigerant [3-7].

2.0 LITERATURE STUDY Condensers are heat exchangers designed to remove the heat absorbed by the refrigerant in the evaporator and heat of compression added by the compressor. This is achieved by transferring heat from the refrigerant vapour discharged by the compressor to some external cooling medium, usually water or air. As result of vapour refrigerant condenses back to the liquid at constant pressure. Thus the function of a condenser is to get rid of the heat absorbed previously and reliquify the refrigerant [8-9].In the condenser the pressure is maintains constant, but the temperature is constant only during the removal of latent heat from the refrigerant i.e. only in the condensing portion. 2.1Classification of Condensers Condensers are classified as Air cooled condenser, Water cooled condenser and Evaporative condenser. 2.1.1 Air Cooled condenser Air cooled condensers were initially used for small refrigerating systems, but now they are designed in large sizes with capacity of above 100kW.Air cooled refrigerators are widely used for domestic refrigerators, freezers, water coolers and room air- conditioners. Air cooled condenser is one in which the removal of heat is done by air which passes through the finned tubes (copper or steel) with the size of 6 mm 18 mm outside diameter, depending upon the size of condenser. Generally copper tubes are used because of its excellent thermal conductivity and heat transfer rate. Condenser absorbs heat from the vapour refrigerant and condenses it in to liquid. This liquid refrigerant flows out at the bottom of the condenser to expansion device. The main 164

International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, April (2013), IAEME advantages of air cooled condensers are simplicity in design, high flexibility, low installation and maintenance cost and negligible corrosion effect [10-12] However, their use is restricted to small capacities because of low heat transfer and uneven distribution of air on condenser surface. For the increase in ambient temperature causes reduction in the capacity of the condenser. The air cooled condensers requires a large quantity of air. They are further classified as: Natural draught type and Forced draught type the force draught type further sub divided as Chassis mounted type and Remote type. Natural draught condensers are used in small capacity plants such as domestic refrigerators. Refrigerant vapour enters at the cooling air rises vertically over the condenser surface. The sufficiently large enough to ensure that the condensation is complete, and liquid refrigerant is sub cooled before it enters the expansion valve. In forced draught condenser, a fan or blower provides a steady flow of air for removal of heat from the refrigerant that flows through the copper tubes. The surface area of the tubes is extended by providing aluminum fins fan is directly driven by motor or belt driven. Force draught condensers are used for large refrigerators, food freezers, water coolers and air conditioners. Force draught condensers are sub-divided into chassis mounted and remote type. In chassis mounted type compressor and condenser s are mounted on the common chassis as a single unit (Condensing Unit). Its size is small and, and the capacity is limited up to 3 tons. . In remote type, the condenser is located away from the compressor. It is usually located on the roof or windows. This type of condensers is used for fairly large capacity refrigerant system. 3.0 THEORETICAL ANALYSIS:

Figure 2. Temperature Distribution in a Condenser Figure 2 shows the temperature distribution in condenser with liquid sub cooling and desuperheating, the refrigeration effect and the heat rejection rate of the system will vary depending on the actual balance of evaporator, compressor and condenser. Once the compressor and evaporator selected to perform the required cooling, it is essential that condenser be selected on the basis of the capability of these components. Thus the selection is made on the heat gain, but rather on the actual load on the condenser. Since the heat transfer through the condenser is by conduction, condenser capacity is function of fundamental heat transfer equation. 3.1 Theoretical calculations for Condenser and ambient air heat transfer rate Qc = U .A. (LMTD) (1) Where, Qc = Condenser capacity in kW U = Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient W/m2 K A = Effective Surface area m2 LMTD = the log mean temperature difference between the condensing refrigerant and condensing medium i.e ambient air Temperature C 165

International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, April (2013), IAEME From above equation UA-value and LMTD variation can be determined by changing ambient air flow rate and air inlet conditions (Temperature inlet) By Energy balance heat gained by cooling medium QC = m* Cp* (TOUT, SEC- TIN, SEC) (2) Where, QC = Heat Transfer rate (3.5k W) m =Mass flow rate of air (0.32kg/sec.) Cp =Specific heat of air (1005 J/Kg K) TOUT, SEC= Air outlet temperature (K) which is to determine TIN, SEC = Air inlet temperature (298 K) 4.0. SIMULATION ANALYSIS: For simulation, REFPROP version 6.01 (REFPROP is an acronym for Refrigerant Properties) used for finding out the properties of Refrigerant 32 which gives the most accurate pure fluid property for simulation, developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) provides the thermodynamic and transport properties of refrigerants REFPROP also provides high accuracy data for pure refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures, for the simulation the density of the refrigerant 32 for the condenser were evaluated with ambient temperatures. Cool Pack (version 1.49) is a collection of simulation programs used for designing, dimensioning, analyzing and optimizing the refrigeration system, it consist of three main group Refrigeration Utility ,EES Cool Tool, Dynamic analysis Tool. EES provides high accuracy property data for pure refrigerant and refrigerant mixtures and used to analyses Cycle performance, System Dimensioning, Operation analysis, System Simulation and Comparison of Refrigerants.The Programs in cool pack covers following simulation purpose: Calculation of Refrigeration Properties (Property plots, thermodynamic and Thermo-physical data, Refrigerant Comparisons Cycle Analysis Compression of single Stage and Multi Stage. System dimensioning-Calculation of component sizes from general configuration criteria System Simulation-Calculation Operating conditions in a system with known components with their operating parameters. Evaluation of Operation-Evaluation of the system Coefficient of Performance with less power consumption 4.1. Simulation for R32 at condensing temperature of 54.45C, inlet air temp 25C and air flow rate is 960 m3 / h.

Figure 3. Simulation of air ambient temperature at 25C 166

International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, April (2013), IAEME 4.2 Simulation for R32 at condensing temperature of 54.45C, inlet air temp. 40C and air flow rate is 960 m3 / h.

Figure 4. Simulation of air ambient temperature at42C Figure 3 &4 shows that the Simulation of Condensing Temperature of refrigerant 32 at 54.45 C for the model used for testing ambient conditions according to ASHRAE, ISO and other standard data for higher ambient conditions. In this model, the testing situation is specified by setting the input parameters like temperature Tc , TIN SEC , Ambient air flow rate VSEC(m3/h) and Capacity. 5.0. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 1: Shows that variation of UA-value with LMTD Temp. of UA-Value LMTD cooling medium (kW/K) (K) (Air) 25C 0.149 23.52 30C 35C 40C 0.191 0.271 0.487 18.28 12.94 7.18

Air Cooled Condenser Refrigerant R32 Condenser temp.(Tc) 54.45C

Density (kg/ m3) 961 939.6 917 893

Table 1 shows the variation of UA-value with log mean temperature difference and condenser density variation for the selected refrigerant for conditioning temperature 54.45C of selected refrigerant R32 with different ambient temperaturs from 25C to 40 C. From the table 1, it is observed that overall heat transfer coefficient is a function of ambient air flow rate and temperature difference.

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, April (2013), IAEME

Figure.5. Variation UA-value (kW/K) with Ambient Temperature

Figure 6. The variation of density for the Refrigerant 32 with ambient air temperature

Figure 7. The variation of Condensing Temperature with LMTD. Figure 5 shows the simulated results of overall heat transfer coefficient with ambient temperature UA-Value increases with ambient temperature for constant mass flow rate of air. For further higher ambient temperature the UA-Value reduces. Figure 6 show that the density for the selected refrigerant varies with ambient temperature for the condenser of constant air flow rate .Figure 7 shows the Log mean temperature difference (LMTD) variation with different ambient temperatures. Performance of selected condenser is depends on Overall heat transfer coefficient UA-value increases with ambient temperature , for higher ambient temperature with same mass flow rate UAvalue reduces , if air circulation is increased effectiveness of condenser may be increased.

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, April (2013), IAEME 6.0 CONCLUSIONS Simulation results shows that for the condenser of capacity 1 TR Air-Conditioning system, the Overall Heat transfer coefficient is very effective up to ambient temperature 40oC with air flow rate of 960 m3/h. if the air flow rate is constant for ambient temperature 45 oC the condenser performance is decreases because of the decrease in the LMTD, hence the system performance will decrease. The density for the selected refrigerant varies with ambient temperature for the condenser of constant air flow rate at ambient Temperature 25 oC the simulated density obtained is 961 kg/m3 , for temperature 40 oC density 893 kg/m3 . The effectiveness of the condenser can be increased by increasing air flow rate. The variation of UA-value is depends on the type of condenser, compressor capacity, type of refrigerant used and other transport properties. , From the simulation results it is observed that overall heat transfer coefficient is a function of ambient air flow rate and temperature difference. For Air Conditioning installation the important consideration on condenser design is type of load i.e latent heat load and sensible heat load in this present analysis only latent heat load is considered at constant condensing temperature for evaluation. Acknowledgement This part of research work has been carried out under O.U/D.S.T-PURSE Programme, Scheme no A-38. Under the esteem Guide of Dr.P.Usha Sri, Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College of Engineering (A), Osmania University- Hyderabad. REFERENCE [1] S.Devotta, A.S.Padalkar ansN.K.Sane, Experimental Performance Analysis of a Retrofitted Window Air Conditioner with R-407CInternational Refrigeration and air conditioning confrrence.Paper 533. ASHRAE, Thermo physical Properties of Refrigerants Chapter 20, ASHRAE Fundamentals. HVAC Handbook-2007 Indian Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, Part I-Air Conditioning. B.O.Bolaji, M.A. Akintundeand T.O.Falade, Comparative Analysis of Performance of three Ozone- Friends HFC Refrigerants in a Vapour Compression Refrigerator, Journal of Sustainable Energy &Environment 2 (2011) 61-64. PhD. Theses of Dr. Azizuddin on Alternate Refrigerants for Air Conditioning Bukola Olalekan Bolaji,Effect of Sub-Cooling on the Performance of R12 Alternatives in Domestic Refrigeration system, Thammasat Int.J.Sc.Tech., Vol.15 Jan-March 2010. D.B.Bivens and A.Yokozeki Heat transfer Coefficients and transport properties for alternative refrigerants , Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Book by R.C. ARORA. International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning M.Mohanraj, S.Jayaraj. C.Muralidharan Comparative Assessment of environmental friendly alternative to R134a in domestic refrigerants. Energy Efficiency (2008), Vol.1:189-198 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Book by C.P ARORA.and DOMKUNDWER. REFPROP version 6.01 AND Cool Pack Version 1.49 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Simul Technical manual air -Conditioning application. Dr. Ashok G. Matani And Mukesh K. Agrawal, Performance Analysis Of Vapour Compression Refrigeration System Using R134a, Hc Mixture And R401a As Working MediumInternational Journal Of Mechanical Engineering & Technology (IJMET) Volume 4, Issue 2, 2013, pp. 112 - 126, ISSN PRINT : 0976 6340, ISSN ONLINE : 0976 6359

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