ILF Mustalah of Hadith 2 (Terminology) Course 15 November 08

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IslamicLearningFoundation ShaikhAhmedKobeisy 11/16/2008
ASSALAMU ALAIKUM WELCOMETOILFHADITH TERMINOLOGYCOURSE ISLAMICLEARNINGFOUNDATION BY SHAIKH AHMED KOBEISY

ImportantAnnouncement
Thiscourseisofferedforfreeatthistimefor
thepurposeofpreservingIslamicKnowledge. Itis,therefore,ourhopeandrequestthatyou wouldcontributefinanciallytoILFandwould encourageotherstocontribute. Forthosewhowanttoobtainacertificateof completionforthiscourse,theyshouldemailus atinfo@islamiclearningfoundation.com

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examandpayanominalfeeinordertoobtainthe certificate
Agenda
9:009:10Introductionandwelcome 9:1010:30Lecture1 10:3911:00Break 10:5012:15Lecture2 12:1512:30Q&Aandconclusion
IslamicLearningFoundation ShaikhAhmedKobeisy
11/16/2008
Lecture Hadith Terminology By Shaikh AhmedKobeisy MayAllahForgivehimandhisparents

Somereferences
http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/scienceofhadith/atit.html
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=mustalah+of+hadith&aq=f&oq=
http://www.darus salam.com/store/main.mvc?Screen=PROD&Product_Code=H08&Category_Code=eng_hadith
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Rejectedbecauseofamissinglinkinthe chainofnarrators:
Muallaq (Hangedonorleftunsupported) Mursal :Sent Mudal:Ill Munqatie:disconnected Mudallas:Misrepresented Mursal Khafi:Passedoverorreportingindirect reportintheformofdirectone Muanan:indecisiveinindicatingthedirect transmission(an) Muannan:similartotheabove(anna)
ClassificationofSunnah (Hadith)
Baseduponthemethodof transmission Baseduponthestrengthof thenarration(acceptability)

Methodoftransmission
Mutawatir
Abundantnumberof narrators Thenumberisineach generation Itisimpossibleto conspiretolie Thenarrationisbased uponthefivesensesnot reasoning Itisallacceptableand Sahid Verbalormeaning
Ahad (not mutawatir)

Allahadith that donotmeetthe criteriafor mutwatir
Canbeeither acceptableor weak

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Mutwatir
Multiplenarrators Theavailabilityofthis numberinalllevelsof thehadith Theimpossibilityof lyingeitherorganized orcoincidental Thebasisofsuch reportissensesrather thanthoughtsor feelings
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Mutwatir
Mutawatir
(abundantlynarrated) Lafzi (verbal) Maanawi (bymeaning only)
Mutwatir
Authentic andaccepted
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TypesandexamplesofMutawatir
Tawatur (Mutawatir)lafthi (i.e.)verbal):
Tawatur in meaning:
Examples:
LyingagainsttheProphet Wipingovertheleathersocks Intercession TheHawd (lakeoftheProphetSAWS) Prohibitionoftakingthegravesasmasajid Addajjal (thefalseMessiah) ThereturnofIsa(Jesus)SAWS
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Sources
AsSuti:AlazharalMutnathirahfiAlAkhbar
almutwatirah QatfulAzhar Alkittani:Muhammadbinjaafar:nazmuAl MutnathirminalHadithAlmutwatir (collectingorcompilingthescatteredof MutawtirHadith
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Denyingtheacceptanceof hadith Mutwatir

Denyinghadithmutwatiramountsto
denyingtheQuranitself
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ProofvalueofMutwatir
Authenticity Meaning
Certain
Certain Definitive
Probable Morethanonemeaning Eachmeaningis speculative

Examplesofdefinitive (Qatei)meaningsfromthe Quran

WhenMuslimsshouldfast? Ifsomeonemissesadaybecauseofavalid
execuse Adivorcedwomanwaitsthreequruu (periodsoftime) Divorceisonlytwotimesbeforethethird becomesfinal Ifsomeonefailstokeepanoath,thekaffarah isspecifiedintheQuran(feeding10poor, clothingthemorfreeingaslave)

Amaninheritsofhischildlessdeceased
wifeand1/4th ofhisdeceasedwifewith child(ren) Awomaninherits1/4th ofherchildless husbandand1/8th ofherhusbandwith child(ren)
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speculative
Punishmentofathief:
Forwhatleveloftheft Howmuchshouldbecut? Whichhand?
Adivorcedwomanwaitsthreequruu(either
menstruationperiodorpurityperiod)
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Challengestothisconcept
Criticaltheory:
Relativism: Positive:civilrightmovements,Womensrights, equalityinotheraspects Negative:religiousbooksandtextslosttheir authority:
Moralrelativism Theapprovalofhomosexualityaspartofthereligion (insomebranchesChristianityandJudaism) WomenleadingFridayPrayer
Feminism:
Therightsofwomen(variesagreatdeal):practicesofmarriage,
divorce,inheritence,
IslamicLearningFoundation Shaikh AhmedKobeisy
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QualificationsoftheHadith Commentator
Ifthepersonisqualifiedtocommentand
explainthehadith:agreementor disagreementisacceptable
Thepersonisapprovedbyteachers Acknowledgedbycontemporaryscholars Inoldtimes,weknowtheimamsandtheirstatus
regardingtheHadith Inmoderntimes:Thescholarhastoadoptand choosealegitimatescholarlyopinionfromthose thatareinexistence

Whenscholarsareallowedto makenewcommentaryon hadith

Thescholarhastohavestrongand
acknowledgedqualificationsandabilities Appliedtonewsituations TheconnectionbetweentheHadithis extremelystrongandevident Itdoesnotcontradictotherconclusions Itshouldbeexaminedbyotherscholarswho canapproveoforchallengeit

ImamAbuHanifah
Hewouldfollowandabidebytheconsensus
oftheSahabahScholars Ifthesahabahdiffer,hewouldchoosefrom amongtheirdifferentopinions Ifoneofthetabieen(thesecondgeneration) [henamedSaidibnAlMusayyeb,orAlHasn AlBasry]makeijtihad,thenIamentitledto therightofmakingijtihad

Ahad narrations
ThePluralofone (wahid) Allnarrationsthatdo notsatisfythe requirementsof mutwatir Areclassifiedinto
Mashhour(well knownorwide spread):3ormore inalllevel
Aziz (less availableor glorious):two
Gharib (strange): oneinany
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Ahad
Authenticity:
Speculative (non definitive)
Meaning;
Definitive
Speculative
Authenticity Verifyand conclude:

Acceptable
Sahih (authentic) Hasan (Sound)
Not acceptable
CriticismtoAhad Narratives
Itisnotreliable Itcanbeacceptedinlessimportantthingsbutnot inAqidah (belief,Ibadat andHalal andharam) Howcouldyoutrustreportsoflonenarrators
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Response
Ahad (several)is differentfrom wahid (one) Theauthenticity isguaranteed by:
Reliabilityof narrators(adalah and[dabt] accuracy) Lackof contradictions withother ahadith
Lackof contradiction withtheQuran

MoreResponses
TheProphetSAAWSisonesingleperson TheProphetSAAWSsent:
MusaabibnUmairRAtoMadinah MuaathibnJabaltoYemen Individualmessengerstothekings,emperorsand
emirsofdifferentterritories ThechangeofQiblahfromJerusalemtoMakkah Theprohibitionofwinewascommunicatedto MuslimsinthetimeoftheProphetSAAWSbyone

AbuBakr(RA)wassentbytheProphet
SAAWStoleadHajjandcommunicateon behalfoftheProphetSAAWS AliIbnAbiTalibwassentbytheProphet SAAWStoreadsurat#9(AtTawbah)tothe Mushrikeenthuscancellingtheirtruceand agreements
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Accordingtoacceptability
Maqboul (acceptable)
Sahih (authentic)
Mutawatir Ahad
Mardoud (rejected)
Dhaeef (weak):the weaknesscouldbeeither inthechainofnarratorsor inthetextorinboth.
Shath (abnormal)
Hasan (sound)
Fabricated
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assaheeh
Linguistically: Sound/healthy Technically:Thatwhoseisnaadisconnected
throughjust(adl)andprecise(daabit) narratorsfrombeginningtoend, notbeing shaadhdh(abnormal) orhavingahiddendefect (illah).
SahihinIsnad(chainofnarrators) SahihinMatn(text)
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Muslim
Muslim Isaac Abd ibn Humid Abdel Razzaq Maamar

Salih
Hasan
Abd ibnHumaid
Yaqoub (Ibrahim ibn Saad)
Hisfather
Thefiveconditions:
1)ittisaalus sanad Thatitsisnaadis connected.Thateveryoneofitsnarratorsheardit directlyfromthepersonheisnarratingfrom,from thestartoftheisnaadtotheend. Thatallofitsnarratorsareadl 2)aladaalah (just);i.e.Muslim,Ofage(baaligh),Sane(aaqil),Not anopensinner(faasiq),andnothavingbadmanners andhabits(makhroomulmarooah)i.e.undignified personormanners
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Ittisal AlSsanad
Birthofthenarrator Deathofthenarrator Placeshe/shetravelledto Scholarshe/shelearnedfrom Scholarshe/shetaught Thereporterhadhearddirectlytheahadith
he/shenarratesfromtheshaykh
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3)Thatallofitsnarratorsaredaabit(precise), whichisoftwokinds: dabtussadr ( precisionoftheheart) thathememorizesitcorrectlyandtransmitsit ashehearditandthatheunderstandsitifheis reportingitsmeaning. dabtulkitaab ( precisionofwriting) thathecorrectlywritesitdown,preservesit andmakessurethatitispassedoncorrectly.
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4)adamushshuthooth Thatit isnotshaadhdh.Andtheshaadhdhiswhenthe reliablenarratorscontradictthosewhoare morereliablethanthemand/ormore numerous 5)adamulillah Thatitdoesnot contain(illah)hiddenweakness.Theillahisa nonapparentfactorwhichaffectsthe authenticityofthehadeeth,whilsttheisnaad appearstobefreefromit,e.g.ahiddengapin theisnaad.
X Z
X Y Z
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ClassificationofHadith Sahih
Sahih Lithatihi
Sahih Lighayrihi
Meetsall requirementsof Hadith Sahih initstext aswellasinitsisnad
Hasan Lithatihi (less thanSahih)
Confirmingor confirmedbyanother reportthatis authentic(sahih)
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Resourcesorsourcesfor Hadith Sahih

MajorityofIslamictextsofhadith
TheagreeduponbetweenBothImamsBukhari
andMuslim WhatwasreportedbyimamBukhariinhisfamous textcalledSahih WhatwasreportedbyimamMuslim AlMuwatta
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HowshouldwetreatHadith Sahih
ItisimperativeonMuslimstoacceptthe
hadithsahihandactaccordingtoitunless:
Itisabrogated Itisgeneralandisspecifiedbyanotherhadith notlimitedbyanyfactor
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Someexpressionsinthe fieldsofhadith
Sahih(authentic)
Meetsallfiverequirementsandconditionsof
authenticity
GhayrSahih(notauthentic0)
Doesnotmeettherequirementsbutnot
necessarilyfabricatedorwrong
SahihulIsnad:(thechainofnarratorsare
authentic);
Thechainofthenarratorsareauthenticatedand
acceptedassomeoneswhosereportisstrongbut
Thematn(i.e.thetextorthereportitself)has
notbeenverified
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ComparisonsbetweenSahih Al Bukhari andsahih Muslim

BukhariinSahih
ImamBukhariisstrongerin
Muslim
Reportshadithscomplete Doesnotincludehisown
authenticity Haditharefragmented ImamBukhariincludedhis fiqhiopinioninhisbookby makingchaptertitlesto eachcollectionofthe hadith
fiqhbecausehedidnot maketitlesforhischapters ImamAnnawawi(the commentatoronsahih Muslim)istheonewhoput thechaptertitleswhichare moregeneralthanthe titlesinsahihalBukhari)

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OthertextsofSahih
SahihibnHibban(theauthenticreportsofibn
Hibban):
Itisnotallauthenticbecausetheauthorisknown
tobeeasywithregardstojudgingthereporters (Mutasahil)
AlMustadrakbyImamAlHakim:
Includesreportsthatmeettherequirementsof
bothbutdidnotincludethem IbnKhuzaimah
ThebookwasverifiedbyimamAddhahabiand
commentedon.Whenthereisagreement betweenthetwo,thehadithisauthentic, otherwise,itshouldbeexamined
SahihibnKhuzaimah:
StrongerthanIbnHibban Hesitanttoauthenticateahadiththatheisnot
fullyconfidentin StilllessthanSahihofbothBukhariandMuslim
Areallahadith inSahih Bukhari andMuslimauthentic

EveryhadithreportedwiththeIsnadMutassil
(connectedchain)isauthentic Someahadith(manyinBukhariandonlyone inMuslim0arereportedwithoutisnad(i.e. Muallaq)

ThesereportsarenotinthemaintextofImamBukhari,rather
theyareinthetitlesandintro.tothechapters Therulingonthesereports:whatwasreportedwithdefinitive mannerorform,isauthenticandtherestneedsreexamination
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AlHasan
Linguistically: Sound/healthy
Technically:Thatwhoseisnaad isconnected throughjust (adl)andlessprecise(daabit) narratorsfrombeginningto end, notbeingshaadhdh (abnormal) orhavingahidden defect(illah).
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Thefiveconditions:
1)ittisaalus sanad Thatitsisnaadis connected.Thateveryoneofitsnarratorsheardit directlyfromthepersonheisnarratingfrom,from thestartoftheisnaadtotheend. Thatallofitsnarratorsareadl 2)aladaalah (just);i.e.Muslim,Ofage(baaligh),Sane(aaqil),Not anopensinner(faasiq),andnothavingbadmanners andhabits(makhroomulmarooah)i.e.undignified personormanners
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Ittisal AlSsanad
Birthofthenarrator Deathofthenarrator Placeshe/shetravelledto Scholarshe/shelearnedfrom Scholarshe/shetaught Thereporterhadhearddirectlytheahadith
he/shenarratesfromtheshaykh
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3)Thatallofitsnarratorsareless daabit (precise), whichisoftwokinds: dabtussadr ( precisionoftheheart) thathememorizesitcorrectlyandtransmitsit ashehearditandthatheunderstandsitifheis reportingitsmeaning. dabtulkitaab ( precisionofwriting) thathecorrectlywritesitdown,preservesit andmakessurethatitispassedoncorrectly.
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4)adamushshuthooth Thatit isnotshaadhdh.Andtheshaadhdhiswhenthe reliablenarratorscontradictthosewhoare morereliablethanthemand/ormore numerous 5)adamulillah Thatitdoesnot contain(illah)hiddenweakness.Theillahisa nonapparentfactorwhichaffectsthe authenticityofthehadeeth,whilsttheisnaad appearstobefreefromit,e.g.ahiddengapin theisnaad.
History
BeforeImamTirmithi:Hadithwasclassified
toonlySahihandDaieef Scholarshavealwaysrealizedthatthereis onetypeofhadiththatdoesnotbelongto eithercategory ImamAhmad:hadithDaieefismore preferredtomethanpeoplesopinions (hasan)

ImamTirmithi
GavethecategoryHasantothehadiththat
doesnotrisetothelevelofsahihyetitisnot asbadasdaieef Tirmithi:

Sahih:Authentic HasanandSahih: Morethanonechain:somechainsarehasanwhile othersaresahih Byonechain:Somescholarsconsideritsahihwhile othersconsiderithasan
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Hasanghareeb:hasanbutstrange(onereporter
onlyinoneormoreofthegenerationsofthe chainofnarrators) Daieef:
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Sahih Hadith texts

Bukhari Muslim SahihIbnKhuzaimah AlMustadrakbyimamAlHakim:omittedor
missedsomereportsthatmatchtheirconditions andqualifyforinclusionintheirtexts.
Hewasnotrightinallofwhatheincluded AlMustadrakwasverifiedbyimamAththahabi SahhahahualHakimwawafaqahuAththahabi(Hakim
saidsahihandAththahabiagreed)
SahihIbnhibban:
Hewaspermissiveinassumingadalah(good
Islamiccharacter)innarrators. Whenhelackedpreciseinformationonany reporter,heassumedthegoodcharacterand acceptabilityofthereporter Byotherscholarsas(MajhoulAlhal)andtherfore categorizedasdaieef,ibnHibbangave acceptanceandauthenticitytothatreporter
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Otherbooksthatinclude Sahih
SunanAbiDaud Tirmithi IbnMajah AnNasaaei MusnadAhmad MuwattaofImamMalik
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Hadith hasan
Sunan(JameIAttirmithi)
Dependingontheversionortheprintorthe
specificmanuscriptofimamattirmithi,youmay finddiscrepancyinthecategorizationofahadith
Weverifywhichversionisauthenticandiscorrectin reflectingimamTirmithisopinion
SunanAbiDaud:
Includesinhisbookthesahihandthereportsthat
areclosetoit Ifhedoesnotindicateanything,thehadithis good(includesbothsahihandhasan)

Ifitisweak,hewouldindicatethat ImamAlKhattabireviewedandverifiedAbu
Daudstextandmadeagreementsand disagreementswithhim.
SunanAdDaraqutniisanothersourceof
hasanhadith MusnadAhmad MuwattaMalik
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ImamAlBaghawi (Masabeehu Sunnah)

CategorizedthehadithsinbothBukhariand
MuslimasSahih Hadithfromtheotherfourtexts(abuDaud, IbnMajah,TirmithiandNasaaei)asHasan
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Hasan
HasanLithatihi:hasaninitselfbecauseitsisnad
andmatnmeettherequirementsofHadith Hasan Hasanlighayrihi(foranotherreason):

Daieef:fromthistransmission Itcomesfrommanyotherformsandchainsof transmissions Reportedfromanotherchainthateithersimilaror stronger Thereasonforconsideringthehadithweakisless precision,orlackofadquateknowledgeofthereporter
Comparisonandcontrast:
Inagreement:itisgoodandstornger IndisagreementwithHasanhadith:wetakethe
Hasanlithatihioverthehasanlighayrihi Ifweconcludethatahadithishasanlighyrihi:It shouldbeacceptedandactedaccordingly
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Otherreasonsforstrength ofHadith
ThehadithsthatwerereportedbyImam
BukhariandMuslimintheirsahih
Areverywellrespectedinthisregard Advancelevelofdistinguishingthehadithsahih
fromothers ImamsfromthewholeMuslimworldinthepastas wellasinlatergenerationsacceptedtheirbooks asauthorityinHadithSahih
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Mashhour(famous,widelyspread,widely
known):couldbestrong,weak:three reportersineverygenerationofthechain Mashhourisstrongerwhennonofitschains ofnarratorsiscriticized Evenstrongerifthematnissafefromany defect
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Hadith Musalsal byimams; andisnotstrange
Ahmad andR1
AsShafei andR2
Malik andR3
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Hadith Sahih
Actedupon(Mamoulounbihi):
Authenticandnotopposedbyanytextorreason
Notactedupon(ghayruMamoulinbihi)
Sahihorauthenticbutitisopposedorcancelled
orqualifiedinsomeways
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Mamoulun Bihi (AlNuhkam)

AlMuhkam:theperfect Theauthentichadithwhichisnotopposedby
asimilarorstrongerreport Constitutesthemajorithofhadithsahih
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Ghayru Mamoulin bihi (Al Mukhtalif)

Mukhtalif:different,inconsistent Theauthentic Hadiththatisopposedby
othersimilarorstrongerreportsandcannot bereconciledinmeaning
Leavingthehadithaltogether Reconcilethetwoahadithandemploybothof
themintheconclusion
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Examples
LaadwawalatiaratThereisno
transmissionofillnessnorbadomenMuslim Runawayfromtheleperasyourunaway fromalion:

Thereisnotransmissionofthediseaseoriginally Runawayfromillnessessoifyoucontractthe disease,youdontfallintodoubtingandreferring theillnesstomixingwithillpersonsthusaffecting youraqeedathatonlyAllahistheonewhocauses thingstohappen
Thereisnoinfectionortransmissionofa
diseasebyitselfunlesspermittedbyAllah SWT
Inordertotakeallprecautionspossibletoprotect
yourselfwithoutlosingfaithinAllahasthe SupremeCreatorandRuleroftheUniverse Inordernottoblameoneanotherforillnessesand severetieswithoneanother InordertomaintainstrongfaithinAllah Forpeoplewhomustinteractwithillpersons,for themtorelyonAllahSWTalone
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Whatshouldwedowhenthereis Mukhtilif AlHadith orIkhtilaf

Trytoreconcilebetweenthetworeportsasmuch
aspossible Ifitisnotpossible;
Isthisreportsubjectttoabrogation? Doweknowthedateofeachreport?Ifyes, Thenweconsidertheearlierasabrogated Ifwedontknowthedates,wegivemoreweightto
eitheronebasedonmanycriteriaasspecifiedinthe textsofHadith Sometimesbothcanbeeffectiveindifferent circumstances

Sourcesforknowledge
ImamAshShafei:IkhtilafuAlHadith ImamIbnQutaybah:AbdullahibnMuslimAd
Daynouri:TaweelMukhtalafAlHadith Attahawi:AbujaafarAhmadibnSalama: MushkilAlAthar
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AbrogationinHadith (Naskh)
Abrogation:meansremoval Removingtherulinginonetextandreplacing
itbyanotherrulefromanothersource Howdoweknow;
1.TheexplicitstatementfromRasoul Ullah
SAAWS 2.Ifthesahabireporterofthehaidthexpresses thatabrogation 3.Knowingthedateofthereport

ConsensusofMuslimScholars:
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SourcesofKnowledgeinthis field
ImamAhmad:AnNsikhwalMansoukh IbnAlJawzi;TajreedAlAhadeethAl
Mansoukhah AbuBakrMuhammadibnMousaAlhazimi:Al ItiarfiAnNasikhwaAlMansoukh
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Therejectedreports
Rejectedbecauseofcriticisminthechainof
narrators RejectedbecauseofdefectsintheMatn
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Rejectedbecause ofreasonsinthe chainofnarrators
Omissionin Isnad Criticismin thenarrator

Criticisminthenarrator
Adalah(Islamicdevotion,goodch.) Dabt(precision)abilitytomemorizeand
communicateprecislywhathe/shehadheard
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Daieef (weak)
Ifthehadithismissingoneormoreofthe
requirementsofHasnaHadith HadithDaieefvariesgreatlybaseduponthe levelofweaknessintheHadith AwhaAlAsaaneed(theweekestofallIsnad):

Sahabi:thewekestofisnadleadingtoaparticular
companion
IbnAbbas:chain(thisisthechainoffalsehood)
Townorgeographicareas:Sham,Egypt:the
weakestisnadinthatterritory
Shouldwereportahadith Daieef?
Wecanreportitaslongastheweaknessis
mentionedprovidedthefollowing:
Wereportitwithlessthandefinitiveform Ithasbeenreportedorithasbeennarrated Thehadithisnotfabricatedunlessweare
exposingit IfitdoesnotrelatestoAqeedah IfitdoesnotconstituteibdatorIslamicrules
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ShouldweactaccordingtoA Hadith thatisDaieef?

Thejumhoor(majorityofMuslimscholars)
areoftheopinionthatitshouldbeemployed providedthefollowingconditionsare present:

Theweaknessisnotsosevere Thehadithmustfallunderaprinciplethatis
authenticallyfoundedandestablished Whenactinguponthehadith,wemustnotbelieve thatitisfromtheProphetSAAWS.Rather,we shouldbelievethatweareactinginprecaution

Whatarethebooksthe enlisttheDaieef narrators

MizanAlItidal(thescaleofJustice)byImam
Ath_Thahabi AdDuafa(theWeak)byimamIbnAljawzi
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Booksofhadith
AlAlbany:SilsilatAlAhadithAlDaifah Daifsunan:AbiDaud,AlTirmithi,AlNasaei
andIbnMajah
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TypesofDhaeef
Dhaeefbecauseofmissingnarrator(s)
Muallaq Mursal Mudal Munqati Mudallas MursalKhafi MunanandMuannan
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Dhaeefbecauseofweaknessinthenarrator:
Maudu(fabricated)Pl.(Mauduat,Ahadith
Mauduah)vs.Mawadeei.e.subjectsandtopics Matrouk(ignoredandabandoned) Munkar Marouf Muallal Contradictingtheauthenticnarrators Mudraj Maqloub AlmazeedfiMuttasilAlasaaneed(theadditionin thewellconnectedchainofnarrators) AlMudtarib IslamicLearningFoundation Shaikh AhmedKobeisy 11/16/2008 AlMusahhaf
AlshaathandAlmahfouz AlJahalahbirRawi(theunknownnarrator) AlBidah Poormemorization
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Muallaq:thehanged
Tech.omissionofoneormoreofthe
narratorsfromthebeginningofthesanad (chain) ProphetSAAWS

Sahabi(companion) Tabeie Theauthor
ProphetSAAWS
Sahabi(companion) Tabeie Narrator1 Narrator2 Theauthor
Prophet SAAWS
Sahabi (companion) Tabeie
Theauthor
RulingonMuallaq
Rejected: Lackofknowledgeofthenarrators
Reliability Validity
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SourcesofMuallaq
SahihAlBukhari:
Affirmedandmentionedwithassertion(said) AcceptableasSahih(matchestheconditionsof ImamAlBukhari) Notaffirmed:Ithasbeenreportedthat:sahabior
tabeI
Notacceptablewithoutverification(sahih,hasan (sound)andDaifbuttheyrejectthenotionthatit maycontainfabricatedorveryweak
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Example
Bukhari(whatisreportedaboutthemens
thigh)
QalaAbuMousa(AbouMousaAlAshaarisaid:the
ProphetSAAWScoveredhiskneeswhenUthman entered)
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Mursal:Thesent;whattheTabeI
reportstotheProphetSAAWSafterdropping theSahabi
ProphetS AAWS oryoungergeneration The author

Example
SahihMuslim; SaidIbnAlMusayyibRAsaid:TheProphet
SAAWSforbadMuzabanah
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TheRuleonMursal
Daifandrejectedbecausewedontknowhow
manyreportersweredroppedout:
Daifandrejected Sahihandisusedasproof(ImamsAbuHanifah, MalikandAhmad)providedthatthetabiedoesnot reportexceptfromnarratorswhoseauthorityand reliabilityarenotquestioned Toacceptedonlywithconditions:
TheMursil(tabei)whosendstheHadithtothe ProphetSAAWSmustbefromtheoldergeneration Ifhereweretonamethemissingperson,hehastobe reliable Notcontradictedbyotherreliablereports
Mursal ofSahabi
Prophet
.. Sahabi (s) TabeI Narrator Etc.
Sourcesofthistype
AbuDaud:AlMaraseel IbnAbiHatim:AlMaraseel AlAlaeei(d.761):jameiAltahseelliAhkamAl
maraseel
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Mudal:veryweakened
Tech.Thehadith whoseisnad missestwoormore narratorsinsequence Prophet SAAWS
Companion
TabeI
Narrator3
..
..
Author
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Mudal andMuallaq (atthe sametime)

Prophet SAAWS
Companion
TabeI
narrator3
..
Author
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Sources
IbnAbiAdDunya(amaluAlyawmiwa
Allaylah)theactsinadayandanight
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Munqati:theseveredor disconnected
Tech.anymissinglinkfromthechainof
narratorsqualifiesthehadithforthis description:
Mursal Muallaq Mudal
Itdoesnotincludetheabovementionedthree
categories.MeaningthattheMunqatiisfor everyhadiththathasmissinglink(s)fromthe isnadexceptthethreementionedabove

Example
TheProphet SAAWS
Hutaifah RA Zayd ibn Yathee Abi Ishaq Shareek Al Thawry Abdil Razzaq
RuleonMunqatihadith
Daieef(rejectedforfurtherevaluation)
11/16/2008
Mudallas:
DerivedfromDallasawhichmeanshidingthe
defectinamerchandiseinordernottoinhibit itssale Theoriginoftadleesordallasaisdalaswhich meansdarkness
11/16/2008
TwotypesofTadlees
Tadless of Shuyoukh (shaykhs)
Youdroptherealnameandor thenicknameoftheShaykh andcallhimeitherbyhis nicknameorbyanothername giveninordertopreventhim frombeingafactoryinthe verificationprocess
Tadlees ofIsnad
Toreportahadith thatwasnot heardfromashaykh who taughthimotherAhadith An:ontheauthorityof Annasoandsosiad;thatthis personsaidthat
11/16/2008
Tadless AlIsnad:Tadless Al Taswiyah

Baqiyyah
Uabaid Illah Ibn Amro Ishaq ibn Abi Farwah
Nafie
RulingonHadith Mudallas
ThereporterisknowntobeMidallis Thereporterdoesnotspecifyawayof
hearingitfromtheShaykh TheHadithischar.Asweek
11/16/2008
Rulingondifferenttypesof tadlees
TadleesofIsnad:makrouhandsomedropthe
credibilityoftheMudallisalltogther TadleesofTaswiyah:Isevenworse TadleesofShyukhwasconsideredless becausethereporterdoesnothideanything. Hejustmakesthingsharder
11/16/2008
Reasonsforwhichtadlees is practiced(tadlees ofshuyoukh)

Theshaykhbeinghiddenorcoveredupis
weak.Thenarratordoesnotwantthehadith toberejectedbecauseoftheshaykh TheShaykhdiedlatesoyoungerpeopleheard fromhimandthenarratorwantstoperceived ashavinghadaccesstoscholarswhoare mucholderorclosertotheProphetSAAWS Theshaykhisyoungerthanthenarrator.The narratordoesnotwanttoreportfrom someoneyoungerthanhim

Theshaykhhasmanynarrationsandsomany
peoplearereportingfromhim
11/16/2008
Tadless ofIsnad
Givetheimpressionofhavingcloserlinksto
theProphetSAAWS Missingsomehadithfromhisdirectshaykh fromwhomheheardmany
11/16/2008
Tadlees isconsidred bad?

Itgivesfalseimpressionofhearingfrom
thosefromwhomthehadithwasnotheard Insteadofindicatingthechain,heleavesthe burdenonthosewhoverify Hehastheknowledgeandtheintentionof thehiddendefect
11/16/2008
RuleontheReportofthe Mudallis
Rejectedcompletelyevenwhenheindicates
thedirecthearing Usespecificcriteria:
Ifhewasknowntohavenootherproblemsother
thantadleesandindicatesthedirecthearingand receivingtheHadith:Accepted Ifhedoesnotindicatethedirectconnection: rejected
11/16/2008
Howistadlees discovered?
Tadleesisdiscoveredthrough:
TheMudallisexpressingthathimself ThecriticsofHadithandnarratorsindicatingthat
Example:Alhakimreported:
IbnUayaynahsaid:OnbehlafofAlZuhri.. Hewasasked:didyouhearthisdirectlyfromAlZuhri/ Hesaid:no,notevenfromtheonewhohearditfrom Zuhri.IwastoldthisHadithbyAbdulRazaq,who reporteditfromMamar whoreporteditfromAl zuhri
Booksabouttadlees and Mudalliseen

IbnHajar;taareefuAhlAltaqdeesbimaratib
AlmawusufeenBilTadlees:
Theinformationtothepeopleofpuritywiththe
levelsofthosedescribedwithtadlees BurhanAldeenAlHalbi;AltabiyeenliAsmaaAl Mudalliseen(theuncoveringofthenamesof Mudalliseen)
11/16/2008
Mursal Khafi:Sentawayina hiddren manner

Technicaldefinition:
Thenarratorreportsareportfroma
contemporaryscholarorshaykhwhomighthave metwithhimwhathedidnothearfromhim directlyusingaterminologythatgivesthefalse impressionofdirectconnection Shaykhsoandsosaid:
11/16/2008
Howisthisdifferentfrom tadlees
Intadleeshereportsfromashaykhthathe
heardfromwhathedidnot,whilechanging thenameoftheshaykhtoanickname InIrsal(i.e.MursalKhafi)hereportsfrom whathelivedwithatthesametimebutnever heardfrom,givingtheimpressionthathe heardfrom
11/16/2008
Howtoidentifythistypeof Mursal Khafi

Scholarsareindicatingthatthenarrator
neverheardfromtheshaykhheclaimsto haveheardfrom Thenarratorhimselfadmittingthathedid nothearfromtheshaykhthishadithor others Thescholarsidentifyingthehadithfrom anotherchainwithonepersoninbetween thenarratorandtheshaykh

Example
Ibn majah:
Umar ibn Abdil Aziz
Uqbah ibn aamir (RA)
MaAllahhave mercyuponthe guardoftheguards
11/16/2008
AlMursalAlkhafi
Thehadithisreported
fromsomeonewhonever taughtthereporter
AlmazeedfiMuttasilAl Asaaneed Ifthehadithcomesfrom onechain Comesfromanotherchain withonereporteraddedin themiddle
11/16/2008
Munan andMuannan
ansoandsoansoandso Annasoandsosaid Differed:isitconnectedinthechainornot?
Itisnotconnecteduntilprovenotherwise Itisconnectedwithsomeconditions: Theonewhosaysanisnotmudallis Themeetingbetweenthetworeporterswaspossibleand likely Thatthemeetingbetweenthemmusthavebeen confirmed Theymusthavebeenknownandconfirmedtogetherfora longtime IslamicLearningFoundation ShaikhAhmedKobeisy 11/16/2008
Addthathemustbeknowntohavenarrated
frequentlyfromtheshaykh
11/16/2008
RuleontheMursal Khafi
MunqatI Dhaieefandrejected Bookswritten:
AlKhateebAlBaghdadi:AlTafseellimbhamAl
maraseel
11/16/2008
RejectedbecauseofCriticism tothenarrator
adalah (justandislamically approved)
Hisreligiosity(adherencetoQuran,Sunnah andproperconduct
Reliabilityofhismemory:Howstronghis/hermemoryis.Ifitislessthan acceptable,thenthehadith iscriticized Hisattentiveness,shortattentionspan,doesnotkeepthingsinmemoryfor long,reachesanageoflosingmemory,confusesthings,traumainlifeafter whichhe/sheloosesmemoryabilities

Criticismofthenarrator(s)
Speakingagainsthim/her(Jarah)i.e.lit.
wound Woundingthenarratorbyattackingor criticizinghis/hercredibility Recommendingareporter(narrator)iscalled (Taadeel)
11/16/2008
IsJarh ordescribingthe narratornegativelya gheebah (backbiting)?

Short,heavyorfat,blind,limping
Itisnotrecommendedtousesuchtermsunless
thehadithandthechainofnarratorscannotbe identifiedexceptthroughthiscategorization Usingnegativetermtodescribeapersonsuchas liar,confused,insane,inaccurateisacceptable becauseprotectingthereligionoverridesthe personsrighttobecoveredorletgounexposed.
11/16/2008
Typesofcriticism:
Adalah:
Lying
Dhabt:
Excessive distortion
Accusedoflying (muttaham)
Badmemory
Fisq:(practiceof disobedience publicly)
Lackofawareness
Engagedinbidah
Excessive misunderstanding
Notknown
Differingfrom trustworthy
11/16/2008
Majhool (notknown)
MajhoolAlayn:neitherthenamenorthe
identityofthepersonisknown:nonono MajhoolAlHaal:weknowthename,tribal affiliation,locationetc.butwedontknow howreliablethepersonis
11/16/2008
Maudu(ignoredand abandoned) Matrouk

Wadaa:putdown;vs.rafaa(putuporraise) MawuduHadithisputdown,notrecognized,
notaccepted Tech.:thehadithattributedtotheProphet SAAWSfalsely

Status:worstofallAhadith Itisnotpermissibletoreportit,narrateitorteach
itexcepttoraiseawarenessagainstit
Howisitdone
Createsatextthenmakesupachainof
narratorsforit(stupidly) Choosesastatementmadebyawiseperson andthenformsitandpresentsasahadith
11/16/2008
Howdoweknowandrecognizea hadith maudu(fabricated)?

Admissionofthereporterhimself
NoohibnAbiMariam:fabricatedahadithinthe
virtuesofeachsurahsintheQuran
Equaltoadmission:
Citingayearofhisownbirththatismuchlater
thanthedeathoftheshaykhheclaimstohave heard
Signsinthenarrator:ifheisanadvocateofa
Bidahandthehadithadvocatesforthat Bidah(e.g.Shiiteandthehadithexaggerates thevirtuesofAhlAlBayt

IslamicLearningFoundation ShaikhAhmedKobeisy 11/16/2008 thevirtuesofahlil Bayt
Signinthenarrated:
Poorarabicvocabularyandstructure Poorlyelaborateandredundant ContradictorytotheQuran Contradictorytothereality Includeswronggrammarandstructure Includesgreaterrewardsforlittleactions Severepunishmentsforminorsins
11/16/2008
Reasonsforfabricatorsof hadith todowhattheydid

DesireforservingthedeenofAllah:
Maysarahibnabdrabbihi:Ihavefabricatedthem
toencourageorenticepeopletodogood
SupportingonesmathhabandBidah:
HadithsonAli: CrticizingImamShafei
Intentionalattackonislam:
ThereshallbenoprophetaftermyunlessAllah
permits
Drawingnearertotherulersseekingworldly
gain Usingthehadithsforearninglivelihood Seekingfame:

Changethenamesofshaykhs,changethetextin
orderforpeopletothinktheypossesswhatno otherscholarshave,theywouldcometothem seekingtheirhadith
Karramiyyah:encourageslying
ItisOKtoliefortheProphetSAAWSbutnot
againsthim
Sometafseers thathave fabricatedahadith related fromUbay iBn Kaab

Althaalabi AlZamakhshari AlShawkani Alwahidy AlBydawi
11/16/2008
ThemostfamousBookof Ahadith mawduah

AlMaududat:IbnAlJawzi AllaaliAlMsanouaahfiAlAhadithAl
mauduah: Assyouti TanzihAlShariahAlmarfouahanAlAhadith AlMuduah:IbnIraqAlKinani
11/16/2008
AlMatrouk (theAbandoned)
Thenarratorisaccuseoflying:
Lyingwithregardstopeoplebutnotwiththe
regardstotheProphetSAAWS Thehadithisknownonlythroughhimanditis contradictorytothegeneralrules ThesecondtoMaudu
11/16/2008
AlMunkar:theunrecognized orthefrowneduponvs. AlMarouf

Weaknarratorinwhichhecontradictsthe
authenticandstrongernarrators Ifthereasonforthenarratorsweakness:
Excessivedistortion Excessiveunawareness Practicingdisobediencepublicly
Status:Weakandrejected
shaadhdh
Thetrustworthynarrator
Munkar
Weaknarrator
contradictingastronger narrator(s)
contradictingstrong narrators
11/16/2008
Example
IbnAbiHatiminAlilal(defects)inHadith:
HabibibnHabibAzzayyat fromAbiIshaqfromAl
ayzaribnHuraith,fromIbnAbbas:thatthe ProphetSAAWSsaid:
Habibisweak OtherstrongreportersreporteditMawqouf(onlyto thecompanion)
11/16/2008
AlMarouf:wellknown, accepted
Reportedbytrustworthyreporter Contradictstheweakreporter
11/16/2008
Al Muallal (thehadith containingdefect)

Thehadithwhichcontainsadefectthat
preventsitsacceptance Sometimes,theappearanceofthehadith doesnotshowthedefect Muallalmeanscontainingdefect

Ifthedefectisapparent:itisnotcalledMuallal
technically Ifthedefectisnoteffective,thenthehadithisnot calledMuallal

Scholarswhoexcelledin thisfield
ImamAliIbnAlMadini:AlIlal ImamAhmadIbnNanbal:Alilalandthe
knowledgeofmen(narrators) ImamIbnaniHatim:AlJarahwaltadeel ImamAlBukhari:AlTtarikh(AlKabir,AlAwsat &AlSagheer) ImamAd_Daraqutni:AlIlalAlwaridahfiAl AhadithAlNabawayyah:themost comprehensive ImamAtTirmithi:AlIlalAlKabirandAlIlalAl Saghir)

CONTRADICTINGTHEAUTHENTIC NARRATORS
AlMudraj
AlMudraj:Insertion
iftherearechangesinchainofnarrators Ifhadithmawqouf(endingatthecompanion)is
confusedwithahadithMarfou(endingatthe ProphetSAAWS)
11/16/2008
alMaqloub
AlMaqloob:thereversed Ifthechangeisintheorderofnarrators,itis
calledmaqloob
11/16/2008
Almazeed fi Muttasil Alasaaneed

(theadditionintheconnectedchainof
narrators):
Thehadithcomesinonechainappearingwell
connected Itcomesfromanotherreport,withanarrator addedtothewellconnectedchain
TherearetwotypesofAddition:
Onethatisaccepted:Whenareporterhears
thehadithfromonenarratorandthenhehears itagainfromtheshaykhoftheearlierone Questioned: 11/16/2008

AlMudtarib
Unstableorshaking
Replacinganarratorwithanotherintwodifferent
reports Contradictioninthetextinthetwodifferent reports Thereisnowaytoknowwhichisstronger
11/16/2008
AlMusahhaf
Sahifah:Mushaf Confusedthroughchangingavocabularyor
thewordingwhilethecontextremains
11/16/2008
Alshaath andAlmahfouz
11/16/2008
AlJahalah birRawi (the unknownnarrator)
11/16/2008
AlBidah
Purposeofdefiningsomething:
Articulatesthecharacteristicsofsomethingand
excludesallthatwhichmaybeconfusedwithit
Bidah:aninvented(initiatedpractice)inthe
deen thatresemblesreligiouspracticesandis intendedfortheworshipofAllahSWT

ElementsofBidah: Unprecedented:statements,actions,boundaries,etc. Inthedeenandnotinworldlyaffairs Itresemblesreligiouspractices(fasteveryday,prayall night,devotehimselfforIbadanandnotmarry),fasting whilestandinginthesun)
DuringAbdulUllahIbnmasoud (makingtasbeehandthikrforahundredtimeseach whilecountingonstones)
Thedefinitionexcludes:
Mattersthatfoundedeitherdirectlyorindirectly
inislam Mattersinnovatedinworldlyaffairs MattersintendednotfortheworshipofAllahbut tocontradictthedeenofAllah
11/16/2008
Bidah
Twotypes:
Idafiyyah(bythemeansofaddition): BasedonpreviousAsl(originorfoundation)orto improveit:Acceptable
ClassificationofknowledgeintoAqidah,figh,etc. TherecordingoftheQuran,establishingHadith science,etc.(MasalihMursalah)
Baselessorestablishinganewfoundation (rejected) Addingnumbers,times,places,newrituals, tariqahs

Inshaiyyah:Newlyestablishedpracticeor
statemetnsIslamic (rejected) LearningFoundation ShaikhAhmedKobeisy
11/16/2008
Istheresuchathingcalled Bidah Hasanah

TheHadithin(sahih),TirmithiandNasaaeI
andothersstates:KulluBidatinDalalatun whichmeanseveryBidaahismisguidance ItisreportedfromUmarRAwhenhesaw peopleprayingtogetherinTaraweehthathe said:Whatagoodbidahthatis NeverusedBidahhasanahorgoodbidaah rtherheusedSunnahHasanah

Muslimscholarsconcludethefollowing:
Bidahhastwomeaning: Linguistic:newandnoveltyandBeautiful:Bidaah hasanahinthatcontext Technical:innovationinthedeenthatisnot warrantedorsupported:Misguidance
11/16/2008
PoorMemorization
11/16/2008

ILF Mustalah of Hadith 2 (Terminology) Course 15 November 08

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ILF Mustalah of Hadith 2 (Terminology) Course 15 November 08

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HelpfultipsforWebinar

ASSALAMU ALAIKUM WELCOMETOILFHADITH TERMINOLOGYCOURSE ISLAMICLEARNINGFOUNDATION BY SHAIKH AHMED KOBEISY

thepurposeofpreservingIslamicKnowledge. Itis,therefore,ourhopeandrequestthatyou wouldcontributefinanciallytoILFandwould encourageotherstocontribute. Forthosewhowanttoobtainacertificateof completionforthiscourse,theyshouldemailus atinfo@islamiclearningfoundation.com

Lecture Hadith Terminology By Shaikh AhmedKobeisy MayAllahForgivehimandhisparents

Baseduponthemethodof transmission Baseduponthestrengthof thenarration(acceptability)

Ahad (not mutawatir)

Canbeeither acceptableor weak

almutwatirah QatfulAzhar Alkittani:Muhammadbinjaafar:nazmuAl MutnathirminalHadithAlmutwatir (collectingorcompilingthescatteredof MutawtirHadith

Denyingtheacceptanceof hadith Mutwatir

Probable Morethanonemeaning Eachmeaningis speculative

Examplesofdefinitive (Qatei)meaningsfromthe Quran

execuse Adivorcedwomanwaitsthreequruu (periodsoftime) Divorceisonlytwotimesbeforethethird becomesfinal Ifsomeonefailstokeepanoath,thekaffarah isspecifiedintheQuran(feeding10poor, clothingthemorfreeingaslave)

wifeand1/4th ofhisdeceasedwifewith child(ren) Awomaninherits1/4th ofherchildless husbandand1/8th ofherhusbandwith child(ren)

IslamicLearningFoundation Shaikh AhmedKobeisy

regardingtheHadith Inmoderntimes:Thescholarhastoadoptand choosealegitimatescholarlyopinionfromthose thatareinexistence

Whenscholarsareallowedto makenewcommentaryon hadith

acknowledgedqualificationsandabilities Appliedtonewsituations TheconnectionbetweentheHadithis extremelystrongandevident Itdoesnotcontradictotherconclusions Itshouldbeexaminedbyotherscholarswho canapproveoforchallengeit

oftheSahabahScholars Ifthesahabahdiffer,hewouldchoosefrom amongtheirdifferentopinions Ifoneofthetabieen(thesecondgeneration) [henamedSaidibnAlMusayyeb,orAlHasn AlBasry]makeijtihad,thenIamentitledto therightofmakingijtihad

Mashhour(well knownorwide spread):3ormore inalllevel

Aziz (less availableor glorious):two

Gharib (strange): oneinany

Authenticity Verifyand conclude:

Itisnotreliable Itcanbeacceptedinlessimportantthingsbutnot inAqidah (belief,Ibadat andHalal andharam) Howcouldyoutrustreportsoflonenarrators

Lackof contradiction withtheQuran

emirsofdifferentterritories ThechangeofQiblahfromJerusalemtoMakkah Theprohibitionofwinewascommunicatedto MuslimsinthetimeoftheProphetSAAWSbyone

SAAWStoleadHajjandcommunicateon behalfoftheProphetSAAWS AliIbnAbiTalibwassentbytheProphet SAAWStoreadsurat#9(AtTawbah)tothe Mushrikeenthuscancellingtheirtruceand agreements

throughjust(adl)andprecise(daabit) narratorsfrombeginningtoend, notbeing shaadhdh(abnormal) orhavingahiddendefect (illah).

Muslim Isaac Abd ibn Humid Abdel Razzaq Maamar

Yaqoub (Ibrahim ibn Saad)

Meetsall requirementsof Hadith Sahih initstext aswellasinitsisnad

Hasan Lithatihi (less thanSahih)

Confirmingor confirmedbyanother reportthatis authentic(sahih)

Resourcesorsourcesfor Hadith Sahih

andMuslim WhatwasreportedbyimamBukhariinhisfamous textcalledSahih WhatwasreportedbyimamMuslim AlMuwatta

ComparisonsbetweenSahih Al Bukhari andsahih Muslim

authenticity Haditharefragmented ImamBukhariincludedhis fiqhiopinioninhisbookby makingchaptertitlesto eachcollectionofthe hadith

fiqhbecausehedidnot maketitlesforhischapters ImamAnnawawi(the commentatoronsahih Muslim)istheonewhoput thechaptertitleswhichare moregeneralthanthe titlesinsahihalBukhari)

commentedon.Whenthereisagreement betweenthetwo,thehadithisauthentic, otherwise,itshouldbeexamined

Areallahadith inSahih Bukhari andMuslimauthentic

(connectedchain)isauthentic Someahadith(manyinBukhariandonlyone inMuslim0arereportedwithoutisnad(i.e. Muallaq)

theyareinthetitlesandintro.tothechapters Therulingonthesereports:whatwasreportedwithdefinitive mannerorform,isauthenticandtherestneedsreexamination

IslamicLearningFoundation Shaikh AhmedKobeisy

IslamicLearningFoundation Shaikh AhmedKobeisy

toonlySahihandDaieef Scholarshavealwaysrealizedthatthereis onetypeofhadiththatdoesnotbelongto eithercategory ImamAhmad:hadithDaieefismore preferredtomethanpeoplesopinions (hasan)

doesnotrisetothelevelofsahihyetitisnot asbadasdaieef Tirmithi:

onlyinoneormoreofthegenerationsofthe chainofnarrators) Daieef:

Sahih Hadith texts

Islamiccharacter)innarrators. Whenhelackedpreciseinformationonany reporter,heassumedthegoodcharacterand acceptabilityofthereporter Byotherscholarsas(MajhoulAlhal)andtherfore categorizedasdaieef,ibnHibbangave acceptanceandauthenticitytothatreporter

areclosetoit Ifhedoesnotindicateanything,thehadithis good(includesbothsahihandhasan)

hasanhadith MusnadAhmad MuwattaMalik

ImamAlBaghawi (Masabeehu Sunnah)

MuslimasSahih Hadithfromtheotherfourtexts(abuDaud, IbnMajah,TirmithiandNasaaei)asHasan

andmatnmeettherequirementsofHadith Hasan Hasanlighayrihi(foranotherreason):

Hasanlithatihioverthehasanlighayrihi Ifweconcludethatahadithishasanlighyrihi:It shouldbeacceptedandactedaccordingly

fromothers ImamsfromthewholeMuslimworldinthepastas wellasinlatergenerationsacceptedtheirbooks asauthorityinHadithSahih

known):couldbestrong,weak:three reportersineverygenerationofthechain Mashhourisstrongerwhennonofitschains ofnarratorsiscriticized Evenstrongerifthematnissafefromany defect

Hadith Musalsal byimams; andisnotstrange

Mamoulun Bihi (AlNuhkam)

Ghayru Mamoulin bihi (Al Mukhtalif)

transmissionofillnessnorbadomenMuslim Runawayfromtheleperasyourunaway fromalion:

yourselfwithoutlosingfaithinAllahasthe SupremeCreatorandRuleroftheUniverse Inordernottoblameoneanotherforillnessesand severetieswithoneanother InordertomaintainstrongfaithinAllah Forpeoplewhomustinteractwithillpersons,for themtorelyonAllahSWTalone

Whatshouldwedowhenthereis Mukhtilif AlHadith orIkhtilaf

eitheronebasedonmanycriteriaasspecifiedinthe textsofHadith Sometimesbothcanbeeffectiveindifferent circumstances

Daynouri:TaweelMukhtalafAlHadith Attahawi:AbujaafarAhmadibnSalama: MushkilAlAthar