DATA WAREHOUSING AND MINING

V UNIT: RECENT TRENDS

2MARKS QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS: Q1.What is main feature of object relational database? ANS: The storage and access of complex structured data have been studied in object relational database systems. These systems organize a large set of complex data objects into classes and which are in turn organized into class/ subclass hierarchies. Q2. Define sequence attribute? ANS: A list valued or a sequence valued attribute can be generalized in a manner similar to that for set valued attributes except that the order of the elements in sequence should be observed in the generalization. Q3. What is multimedia database? ANS: A multimedia database contain complex texts, graphics, images, video fragments, map, voice etc. These data are typically stored as sequence of bytes with variable lengths and segments of data are linked together in a multidimensional way. Q4. How can object identifier be generalized? ANS: a. Object identifier is generalized to the identifier of lowest subclass to which the object belongs. b. This subclass can be generalized to a higher level class/ subclass identifier by climbing up the hierarchy. Q5. Can inherited properties of objects be generalized? ANS: Since Object Oriented databases are organized into class/ subclass hierarchies, some attribute or methods of an object class are not explicitly specified in the class itself but are inherited from higher level classes of the object. The data mining will generalize the inherited properties in the same way as the data in the object.

Q6. What is plan database and plan mining? ANS: A plan consists of a variable sequencing actions. A plan database is a large collection of plans. Plan mining is the task of mining significant patterns or knowledge from a plan database. Q7. What is a spatial database? ANS: A spatial database stores a large amount of space related data such as maps, preprocessed remote sensing and VLSI chip layout data. They carry topological information organized by sophisticated indexing structures that are accessed by spatial data access methods. Q8. Can we construct a spatial data warehouse? ANS: Yes, as with relational data, we can integrate spatial data construct a data warehouse that facilitates spatial data mining. Q9. Define non spatial dimension? ANS: Non spatial dimension contains only non spatial data. Non spatial dimensions temperature and precipitation for the warehouse since each contains non spatial data whose generalization are non spatial. Q10. What about mining spatial association rule? ANS: Similar to the mining of association rules in transactional and relational database, spatial association rules can be mined in spatial database. A spatial association rule is of form A => B [S%C%] where S is Support and C is Confidence percentage. Q11. Can we construct a data cube for multimedia data analysis? ANS: To facilitate the multidimensional analysis of large multimedia databases, multimedia data cubes can be designed. It contains additional dimensions and measures for multimedia information.. Q12. What kind of association can be mined in multimedia database? ANS: Association rules involving multimedia objects can be mined in image and video databases.

i. ii. iii.

Association between image content and non image content features. Associations among image contents that are not related to spatial relationships. Associations among image contents related to spatial relationship.

Q13. What kind of association can a multimedia data cube have? ANS: A multimedia data cube can have many dimensions. The following are such dimensions i. Size of video in bytes. ii. Width and height of frames. iii. Format type of image. iv. Frame sequence duration in seconds. Q14.What is time series database? ANS: A time series database consist of sequences of values or events changing with time. The values are measured at equal intervals of time. Time series database are used in dynamic production process, scientific experiments etc. Q15. What is sequence database? ANS: A sequence database is any database that consist of sequence of ordered events with or without a concrete notion of time. Eg: Web page traversal sequences are sequence data but may not be time series data.

Q16. What is a similarity search? ANS: A similarity search finds data sequences that differ only slightly from the given query sequence. It is of two types of similarity search: 1. Subsequence matching. 2. Whole sequence matching. Q17. What is time sequence query language? ANS: A time sequence query language should be able to specify both simple similarity and sophisticated queries. It also supports various kinds of queries such as range queries, all pair queries and nearest neighbor queries.

Q18. What is sequential pattern mining? ANS: Sequential pattern mining is the mining of frequently occurring patterns related to time or other sequence. It is useful in the analysis of targeted marketing, customer retention and weather prediction. Q19. What is periodicity analysis? ANS: Periodicity analysis is the mining of periodic patterns that is, the search for recurring patterns in time series database. It can be applied to many areas such as seasons, tides, planet trajectories. Q20. What is information retrieval? ANS: Information retrieval is a field that has been developing in parallel with database system. It is concerned with the organization and retrieval of information from large number of text based documents. Eg: Online library catalog system. Q21. What is keyword based association analysis? ANS: In keyword based association analysis, a set of keywords or terms that occur frequently together are collected and then association or correlation relations among them are found. Q22. What is meant by authoritative web pages? ANS: Suppose we would like to search web pages relating to given topic such as financial investing. In addition to retrieving pages that are relevant you also hope that pages retrieved will be of high quality or authoritative on the topic. Q23. What is web usage mining? ANS: It is an important task for web mining which mines web log records to discover user access patterns of web pages. Analyzing and regularities exploration will enhance the quality and delivery of internet information services to the end user.

Q24.Give some applications of data mining? ANS: The applications of data mining are i. ii. iii. iv. Data mining for biomedical and DNA data analysis. Data mining for financial data analysis. Data mining for retail industry. Data mining for telecommunication industry.