Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources Avon Cosmetics. Good Housekeeping. New York: 1956. An advertisement for beauty products in the 1950s. Granger, David M. New York City. Esquire Cover Archive. Esquire Magazine. We used this source for magazine cover photos of previous magazines to show the changing standards of beauty spread by the media. Irvine, Jill. Interview. April 4, 2013. Dr. Irvine is a professor of women and gender studies at The University of Oklahoma, and she graciously spared some of her time for us to ask her some questions we had. Johnston, Alfred. 1926. This is the original photo of a Miss Universe, Catherine Moylan, found online with his signature. Karen, Donna. Be Delicious. The Donna Karan Company. 2013. www.bedeliciousfragrance.co.uk. We used this source for the picture of a current advertisement for makeup, showing how the beauty of the model sales. Morrison, Stacey. Redbook Magazine. July 2011. An image of the before and after photographs of an edited photo. Sweeney, Mark. Advertising Standards Authority. Guardian. 16 December 2009. 21 February 2013. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2009/dec/16/twiggys-olay-ad-banned-airbrushing. This is an example of advertising that we used. St. James, James. How Times Have Changed. The World of Wonder.13 June 2011. 21 February 2013. www.theworldofwonder.net/2011/06/13/can_you_imagine _/. We used this site for an old advertisement of beauty. S, Uma. How to Be Beautiful. Personality Tutor. 2012. 20 February 2013. www.personalitytutor.com This site was used for a picture of a woman having her hair and makeup done, showing the background of how the media imagines beauty. Secondary Sources Anastasio, Phyllis; Rose, Karen; Chapman, Judith. Can the Media Create Public Opinion? A Social -Identity Approach. Current Directions in Psychological Science 8.5 (1999), pp.152-155. JSTOR. OSSM Library,

Oklahoma City. 11 Jan. 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/20182590>. This source is used for information related to the media and how it affects beauty and societys ideas about beauty.

Ayaz, Musaddique. Top 10 Countries with Most Female Part Time Employees. 10topten. 4 February 2012. 21 February 2013. http://www.10topten.com /2012/02/top-10-countries-with-most-femalepart-time-employees/. We used this site for a stereotypical portrayal of working women.

Casanova, Erin Masi de. "No Ugly Women: Concepts of Race and Beauty among Adolescent Women in Ecuador. Gender and Society 18.3 (2004): 287-308. JSTOR. OSSM Library, Oklahoma City. 11 Nov. 2012 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/4149403>. Media's influence on beauty in Ecuador. Cashmore, Ellis. Encyclopedia of Race and Ethnic Studies. London: Routledge, 2004. A working definition of beauty. Chavez, Adriana. Beauty and the Media Beast. Vanguard University Voice. 15 November 2012. 21 February 2013. http://www.vanguarduniversityvoice.com/2012/11/15/beauty-and-the-media-beast/ Douglas, Susan. Where the Girls Are. New York: Three Rivers Press, 1994. Used for information on the historical impact of the mass media and the image it presented to girls growing up with it. Elbaz, Alber. Electric Holiday. Barneys. 2013. 27 February 2013. http://www.barneys.com/on/demandware.store/Sites-BNY-Site/default/PageShow?cid=disney-holiday-

video-barneys. We used this source for a video about Minnie mouse showing how a clothing item affects womens ideas about beauty. Englis, Basil; Solomon, Michael; Ashmore, Richard. Beauty before the Eyes of Beholders: The Cultural Encoding of Beauty Types in Magazine Advertising and Music Television. Journal of Advertising, 23.2 (1994), pp. 49-64. JSTOR. OSSM Library, Oklahoma City. 11 Jan. 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/4188927> This source provides information on beauty and the media, and how they are related. Glowna, Strona. Miss Universe 1935 Globmiss. 29 December 2001. 21 February 2013. www.globmiss.pl/globmiss_universe/universe_history20/30.htm. We used this source as an image for a former miss universe.

Harris, Paul. Oliva Culpo Evening Dress. Stylebistro. 19 December 2012. 20 February 2013. www.stylebistro.com/lookbook/Oliva+Culpo . We used this source as an image for a former miss universe. Jain, Sahu. Sushmita Sen: Miss Universe 1994. Femina. July 8th 1994. We used this source as a picture for a former miss universe. Johnson, Stefanie K; Podratz, Kenneth E; Dipboye, Robert L; Gib bons, Ellie. Physical Attractiveness Biases in Ratings of Employment Suitability: Tracking Down the "Beauty is Beastly" Effect. The Journal of Social Psychology, 150. 3 (2010): 301-18. Information for the ways in which beauty effects the employment of women. Kilbourne, Jean. Deadly Persuasion. New York: The Free Press, 1999. Information over the effects of the media on self image, eating disorders, and addiction. Lenssen, Phillip. Vintage Ad Browser. http://www.vintageadbrowser.com/beauty-and-hygiene-ads. We used this source for all of our the advertisements we found on the beauty consumerism page. These ads are gathered on one site, which are originally linked from other websites. Li, Eric P.H., Hyun Jeong Min, Russel W. Belk, Junk Kimura, and Shalini Bahl. Skin Lightening and Beauty in Four Asian Cultures. Association for Consumer Research 35 (2008): 444-449. Beauty in advertising and and its impact on consumers Lo, Phillip. A Misty Eyed Look at Ami Kuusela. Hataw Beauties. 20 May 2012. www.hatawbeauties2007.blogspot.com/2010/07/misty-eyed-look-at-ami-kuusela-1st.html. We used this source for a picture of a miss universe. Maher, Cody. Cultural Myths in Advertising. People. 1 May 2012. 20 February 2013. http://codimaher.wordpress.com/2012/05/01/cultural-myths-in-advertising/. An example of a controversial advertisement, shows the beauty ideal. Mattel. Quintessential Barbie. About.com. 21 February 2013. About.com/toys. We used this picture for a reference to the Barbie as the ideal beauty standard shown by the media. Mazur, Allen. U.S. Trends in Feminine Beauty and Overadaptation The Journal of Sex Research, 22.3 (1986), pp. 281-303. JSTOR. OSSM Library, Oklahoma City. 11 Jan. 2012.

<http://www.jstor.org/stable/3812567>. Information on the differences of beauty standards for men and women. Milkie, Melissa. Social Comparisons, Reflected Appraisals, and Mass Media: The Impact of Pervasive Beauty Images on Black and White Girls' Self-Concepts. Social Psychology Quarterly 62.2 (1999), pp. 190-210. JSTOR. OSSM Library, Oklahoma City. 11 Jan. 2012. < http://www.jstor.org/stable/2695857>. This source provides information on the effect the media has on race related to beauty. Rhode, Deborah. The Beauty Bias. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. Information over how the media influenced beauty. Smedley, Audrey. Race and the Construction of Human Identity. American Anthropologist 100. 3 (1998), pp. 690-702. JSTOR. OSSM Library, Oklahoma City, 9 Oct 2012 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/682047>. Talking about the importance of Beauty. Development of how race and beauty have influenced human behaviors. How the Beauty Ideal has established an inferiority complex. Yeow, Alice. The (In)visible Whiteness of Beauty. Proc. of Images of Whiteness: Exploring Critical Issues, 12 July- 14 July 2011, Priory House. Freeland: Inter-Disciplinary Press, 2011. The beauty ideals impact on Asian women. Cosmetic surgery and submitting to a dominant societys definition of beauty.