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http://www.radio-electronics .com/info/cellulartelecomms /cellular_concepts /cell-phone-electronics -bas ics .php February 01, 2011
- an summary or tutorial about the basics of cell phone electronics and what is contained within a mobile phone.
This basic cellular concepts tutorial tutorial is split into several pages each of which address different aspects of cellular telecommunications technology: [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Basic cellular concepts Cellular multiple access schemes TDD and FDD duplex schemes Celphone electronics basics Cellular network architecture basics Cellphone registration Cellphone handover / handoff
The mobile phone or cell phone as it is often called is equally important to the network in the operation of the complete cellular telecommunications network. Despite the huge numbers that are made, they still cost a signicant amount to manufacture, discounts being oered to users as incentives to use a particular network. Their cost is a reection of the complexity of the mobile phone electronics. They comprise several dierent areas of electronics, from radio frequency (RF) to signal processing, and general processing. The design of a cell phone is particularly challenging. They need to oer high levels of performance, while being able to t into a very small space, and in addition tot his the electronics circuitry needs to consume very little power so that the life between charges can be maintained.
Control processor
The control processor is at the heart of the design of the phone. It controls all the processes occurring in the phone from the MMI (Man machine interface) which monitors the keypad presses and arranging for the information to be displayed on the screen. It also looks after all the other elements of the MMI including all the menus that can be found on the phone. Another function of the control processor is to manage the interface with the mobile network base station. The software required for this is known as the protocol stack and it enables the phone to register, make and receive calls, terminate them and also handle the handovers that are needed when the phone moves from one cell to the next. Additionally the software formats the data to be transmitted into the correct format with error correction codes included. Accordingly the load on this processor can be quite high, especially when there are interactions with the network. The protocols used to interact with the network are becoming increasingly complicated with the progression from 2G to 3G. Along with the increasing number of handset applications the load on the processor is increasing. T o combat this, the design for this area of the phone circuitry often uses ARM processors. This enables high levels of processing to be achieved for relatively low levels of current drain. A further application handled by this area of the design of the mobile phone is the monitoring the state pf the battery and control of the charging. In view of the sophisticated monitoring and control required to ensure that the battery is properly charged and the user can be informed about the level of charge left, this is an important area of the design.
Battery
Battery design and technology has moved on considerably in the last few years. This has enabled mobile phones to operate for much longer. Initially nickel cadmium cells were used, but these migrated to nickel-metal-hydride cells and then to lithium ion cells. With phones becoming smaller and requiring to operate for longer from a single charge, the capacity of the battery is very important, and all the time the performance of these cells is being improved.
Summary
Although mobile phones are one of the msot commonplace pieces of electronics equipment these days, they are nevertheless complicated inside. An understanding of the mobile phone basics can often be useful when looking at the way a cellular network and cellular technology in general works. Further pages from this tutorial Page ( 1 ) >> ( 2 ) >> ( 3 ) >> ( 4 ) >> ( 5 ) >> ( 6 ) >> ( 7 ) >>