Es necesario aprender a navegar en un ocano de incertidumbres a travs de archipilagos de certeza".

(Edgar Morin)
Digital Signal Processing

MDE,Group:19:00Lu
Firsttest
Date:March19,2013
Deadline:23:59hrs,March31,2013
Generalconsiderations:Allprogramsmustbecommented.Allgraphsmusthaveatitleandaxis
labels.Thetitleshouldtellthereaderwhatisinthegraphorfigure.

Name: ______________________________________________ ID number: __________

Facilitator: Omar Longoria-Gandara

1.) An analog signal ( ) ( ) ( )
a
t sin 480 t 3 sin 720 t x t t = + is sampled 600 times per second.
a.) Determine the Nyquist sampling rate for ( )
a
t . x
b.) Determine the folding frequency (Es la frecuencia ms alta que puede ser representada
inequvocamente con una velocidad de muestreo Fs).
c.) What are the frequencies, in radians, in the resulting discrete time signal | | n x ?
d.) If | | n x is passed through an ideal D/A converter, what is the reconstructed signal ( )
a
t y ?

2.) A digital communication link carries binary-coded words representing samples of an input signal
( ) ( ) ( )
a
t 3 cos 600 t 2 cos 1800 t x t t = +
The link is operated at 10,000 bits/s and each input sample is quantized into 1024 different voltage levels.
a.) What is the sampling frequency and the folding frequency?
b.) What is the Nyquist rate for the signal ( )
a
t x ?
c.) What are the frequencies in the resulting discrete-time signal | | n x ?
d.) How many memory locations are needed for storing 1.5 seconds of this signal?

3.) Consider the simple signal processing system shown in the next figure. The sampling periods of the A/D
and D/A converters are T
1
=5ms and T
2
=1ms, respectively.
Determine the output Y
a
(t) of the system, if the input is:
( ) ( ) ( )
a
t 3 cos 100 t 2 sin 250 t x t t = + (t in seconds)
Note: The postfilter removes any frequency component above Fs/2








4.) Consider the system
y[n]=I{x[n]} =x[n
2
]; I indicates a transformation
a.) Determine if the system is time invariant.
b.) To clarify the result in part (a) assume that the signal

| |
1, 0 3
0,
n
x n
elsewhere
s s
=

A/D
T
1

D/A
T
2


Postfilter
( )
a
t x | | x n ( )
a
t y
Es necesario aprender a navegar en un ocano de incertidumbres a travs de archipilagos de certeza".
(Edgar Morin)
is applied into the system
1.- Sketch the signal x[n]
2.- Determine and sketch the signal y[n]=I{x[n]}
3.- Sketch the signal y
2
[n]=y[n-2]
4.- Determine and sketch the signal x
2
[n]=x[n-2].
5.- Determine and sketch the signal y
2
(n)=I[x
2
[n]]
6.- Compare the signals y
2
(n) and y(n-2). What is the conclusion?
7.- Implement this exercise using Matlab and sketch the results taking 0 50 n s s . Report the
instructions (programs, functions) used.


5.) Let h[n]=o[n] +2o[n-1] +3o[n-2]. x[n]=o[n+1] +o[n] +o[n-1] +o[n-2] .
a.) Compute y[n] =x[n] * h[n].
b.) Compute the autocorrelation of x[n]
c.) Compute the cross-correlation of x[n] and h[n]
d.) Implement a, b using Matlab and plot the results. Report the instructions (programs, functions)
used.

6.) Consider the system described by the second-order difference equation

| | | | | | | | | |
3 1 4 2 2 1 y n y n y n x n x n = +
- Sketch the interconnection (structure with building blocks) of the LTI system
- Using Matlab with N=51 points, determine and plot :

a.) The impulse response of the system
b.) The step response of the system
c.) The response
| |
y n , to the input
| |
[ ] 4
n
x n u n =
d.) The response
| |
y n , to the input | | | | | | ( )
20
n
x n u n u n o = , 0.9 o = .

7.) Consider the linear constant-coefficient difference equation given by:
y(n) - 0.5y(n-1) =0.5x(n)
a.) Determine the impulse response h(n) of this system
b.) Determine the output for x(n) =u(n-1)

8.) The four-point weighted running average is defined as follows:
y(n)=T{x(n)}=(1/4)( x(n+1)+2x(n)+2x(n-1)+x(n-2) )
where x(n) is the input signal and y(n) is the output signal
a.) Prove that this system is linear and time-invariant
b.) Prove that this system is not causal
c.) Determine the output when the input is x(n)=-o(n+1)+2o(n)- o(n-1). Plot x(n) and y(n)

9.) Explain the structures Direct Form I and Direct Form II to describe discrete systems.

10.) Show 4 discrete systems (2 nonrecursive and 2 recursive) using the structures Direct Form I and Direct
Form II.