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ANTENNA TILTING CONSIDERATIONS, cont. It is also recommended that the antennas at all KV identified high sites be changed to a minimum 2 to 4 degree electrical down tilt to have a Rcell ~ 1000m in deep urban/urban and some suburban areas . The final required tilt depends on the antenna model and the Gain vs. tilt table as required by the cell shaping guidelines and by the Optimization teams. ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS WHEN TILTING: Cell antenna height and terrain height. If the cell antenna is high and can cause overshoot into tier two neighbor cells, the sector is identified as a possible candidate for antenna downtilt. Look at the terrain data. If a sector is covering a low elevation region near the cell, downtilt its antenna may both eliminate the interference in areas far from the cell and increase the coverage in areas near the cell. Make sure there are enough neighbor cells around the proposed site that will take possible signal level coverage.
Check for Neighbor cells TCH CONG% to make sure that when traffic shifts from the proposed tilted cell to these neighbor cells, it does not add additional TCH CONGESTION to the cells becoming the best ranked cell for during handover process. Check for distance separation between cells. If a sector is close to the next cell, downtilting its antenna may both eliminate the interference in areas far from the cell and increase the coverage in areas near the cell.
1) The first one reduces the interference at the base of the neighbor cell (r = 2R) by 3 dB , or the HPBW (Half Power Beamwidth). The antenna downtilt is:
2R = 90 arctan + VBW / 2, h
(FIRST FORMULA)
where is the downtilt angle in degree, R is the radius of the cell, h is the antenna height, and VBW is the vertical beam width of the antenna. 2) To preserve the coverage in the fringe of the cell (r = R), the second downtilt angle formula is:
R = 180 2 arctan . h
(SECOND FORMULA)
Downtilt Angle ()
First Formula
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Second Formula
1.5 R (Cell Radius) (mile) 160 h (Antenna+Terrain Height) (ft) 5.5 VBM (vertical beam width)(deg) 1609 mtk (mile to kilometer) 0.3048 ftm (foot to meter) Downtilt Using First Formula Downtilt Using Second Formula 3.3 2.3
Average 2.8
In the plot, the solid line is the first downtilt formula and the dashed line is the second formula. The triangles represent the example downtilts for the example above
THETAtilt
Hcenter Antenna
Main Gain of antenna does not hit the roof edge for a given THETA tilt, Or THETA tilt + 3dB point in the Vertical BW plane does not hit the edge of the building
MAX ALLOWABLE TILT1 = {ATAN (( H center of antenna)/D)} default ET. Or even more restrictively find the degree @ which the gain is 3dB in the Vertical Beamwidth plane: MAX ALLOWABLE TILT2= {ATAN (( H center of antenna)/D) default ET} 3dB VBW. In the example below for the RFS antenna DPS60-13-XX of Length = 1.2 m and default 2 degrees ET, the gain is 3 dB less at 10 degrees in the VBW plane. So the maximum allowable tilt for a given distance D away from the edge is given by: MAX TILT (main beam formula) = (180/3.14) * ATAN ( H/D) 2. This antenna pattern gives a gain reduction of 3 dB @ an VBW angle of 10 degrees MAX TILT (3 dB point) = (180/3.14) * ATAN ( H/D) 2 - 10 Notice that the maximum tilt can be large for D up to 6 to 7 meters away from the edge. Once the 3 dB gain is allowed in the formula large tilts are allowed only at 4 meters away from the roof edge. The larger the distance from the edge, the less allowable tilt is possible.
Maximum Tilt at a distance away from the edge D given the Boom height H
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE TILT AT A DISTANCE "D" AWAY FROM BUILDING EDGE GIVEN H=ANTENNA STRUCTURE HEIGHT -1/2 (RFS TX ANTENNA LENGTH) RFS DPS60-13-XX length=1.3m. BOOM=3m, 6m, 8m (Not Typical). MAXIMUM TILT = THETA - 2 . ( ALSO KNOWN AS KNOB SETTING ON VARIABLE ELECTRICAL TILT).
Main axes of RFS TX antenna does not hit the edge at "D"meters away from the edge.
65 77 80
48 68 73
36 59 66
28 51 59
23 45 54
19 40 49
17 35 44
14 32 41
13 29 37
11 26 34
10 24 32
9 22 29
8 20 27
8 19 26
7 18 24
6 16 23
6 15 21
5 15 20
5 14 19
5 13 18
4 12 17
4 12 16
4 11 16
4 11 15
3 10 14
3 10 14
3 9 13
3 9 13
3 8 12
2 8 12
2 8 11
2 7 11
2 7 11
2 7 10
2 7 10
77 80 82
68 73 76
59 66 70
51 59 65
45 54 60
40 49 55
35 44 51
32 41 47
29 37 44
26 34 41
24 32 38
22 29 36
20 27 34
19 26 32
18 24 30
16 23 28
15 21 27
15 20 25
14 19 24
13 18 23
12 17 22
12 16 21
11 16 20
11 15 19
10 14 19
10 14 18
9 13 17
9 13 16
8 12 16
8 12 15
8 11 15
7 11 14
7 11 14
7 10 13
7 10 13
MODEL 2:
Main axes and 10 degree 3db point of RFS TX antenna does not hit the edge at "D"meters away from the edge. DISTANCE AWAY FROM EDGE (m)
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
55 67 70
38 58 63
26 49 56
18 41 49
13 35 44
9 30 39
7 25 34
4 22 31
3 19 27
1 16 24
0 14 22
-1 12 19
-2 10 17
-2 9 16
-3 8 14
-4 6 13
-4 5 11
-5 5 10
-5 4 9
-5 3 8
-6 2 7
-6 2 6
-6 1 6
-6 1 5
-7 0 4
-7 0 4
-7 -1 3
-7 -1 3
-7 -2 2
-8 -2 2
-8 -2 1
-8 -3 1
-8 -3 1
-8 -3 0
-8 -3 0
67 70 72
58 63 66
49 56 60
41 49 55
35 44 50
30 39 45
25 34 41
22 31 37
19 27 34
16 24 31
14 22 28
12 19 26
10 17 24
9 16 22
8 14 20
6 13 18
5 11 17
5 10 15
4 9 14
3 8 13
2 7 12
2 6 11
1 6 10
1 5 9
0 4 9
0 4 8
-1 3 7
-1 3 6
-2 2 6
-2 2 5
-2 1 5
-3 1 4
-3 1 4
-3 0 3
-3 0 3
Note that the higher the Boom height H is the LESS restriction on Max Tilt to clear the parapet of the rooftop. The larger D from the dege of the rooftop is the MORE restriction on Max Tilt to clear the parapet of the rooftop.