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html CompositeAudio/Video/(RCA)/CVBS(COLOR VIDEO BLANKING AND SYNC) ------------------------Separate the video(yellow) and audio(red/white) cables that provide a basic conn ection from STB and other devices. Note: The color of audi inputs may differ e.g:red/white or red/black RED- right channel audio black/white-left channel audio composite video signal is the combination of luminance and chrominance(Y+C).So v ideo quality is not good as comapre to component,HDMI,S-video etc.. This connector is available in TV,stb,Video game consoles,DVD etc. WHY IT IS CALLED RCA? It is designed for NTSC,PAL,SECAM and cannot transport HDTV images.(check your book) ---------------------------for example any HD program is broadcast which is 1920*1020 resolution but you r composite connector transmit only 480i/576i resolution so it will display only 480/576i resolution video. or Composite video (1 channel) is an analog video transmission (no audio) that c arries standard definition video typically at 480i or 576i resolution. i-interlace scanning ----------------------------1 channel ---------both luminance and chrominace are combine din a single cable In a composite signal, the luminance, Brightness (Y) signal and the chrominance, Color (C) signals are encoded together into one signal. that made incorrect connections nearly impossible.

component --------------Component video signal separates luminance (Y) and chrominance (C) into three si gnal. One luminanace/brightness signal and two color signal.So video quality is better than RF,composite, S-video It uses three cables such as Green - input labled as Y Blue- input labled as Pb or Cb or B-Y Red- input labled as Pr or Cr or R-Y Note:component-video cables do not carry audio and are often paired with audio c ables. Component video is capable of carrying various signals, such as 480i, 480p, 576i , 576p, 720p, 1080i, 1080p

S-Video(Separated video) ------------------------It is a analog video connector. S-video provides better image quality than RF and composite because luminance an d chrominance information are separated with in one cable. question? ---------Carrying the colour information as one signal means that the colour has to be en coded in some way and as such NTSC, PAL signals are all decidedly different through S-Video The standard S-video connector has 4 pins with each signal pin paired with its o wn ground pin. It doesn't support component video. explain pin with fig......... many devices with One way to detect king at it.I f it this means it has S-Video outputs also have composite outputs. if your S-video connector has component video output is by loo has 4 pins only S-video output and doesn't support component video.

Some S-video connectors have also more than 4 pins ,this may mean that S-video connector has component video (7 pins ,9 pins) fig.........component adapter cable provides S-video at one end and composite video at other end S-video(2 channel) is an analog video transmission (no audio) that carries stand ard definition video typically at 480i or 576i resolution and cannot transport HDTV images When used for connecting a video source to a video display that supports both 4: 3 and 16:9 display formats, the PAL television standard provides for signalling pulses that will automatical ly switch the display from one format to the other. The S-Video connection transparently supports this operation 2 channel --------luminance and chrominance information are separated with in one cable

VGA(video Graphics Adapter) ---------------------------

SCART -----SCART is a French-originated standard and associated 21-pin connector for connecting audio-video (AV) equipment together with control signals. A protocol is used to carry control information between audio-visual devices.Sma e protocol is used in HDMI also. Resolution supported in SCART connector is 480i and 576i. In Europe, SCART used to be the most common method of connecting audio-visual eq uipment together. that made incorrect connections nearly impossible. The SCART connector is able to carry three different types of video information composite S-video RGB If you want to watch video through composite or s-video then we need to change t he setting accordingly.

SCART is bi-directional regarding standard composite video and analog audio. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------explanation ------------A television set will typically send the antenna audio and video signals to the SCART sockets all the time and watch for returned signals, to display and reproduce th em instead. This allows to have transparent set-top boxes, without any tuner, which just hoo k and pre-process the television signals Input/output knob in the image .. i.e. for bidirectional switch

Two pins provide switching signals. Pin 8, the switch signal pin, carries a DC voltage from the source that indicate s the type of video present. 0 V 2 V means no signal, or internal bypass 4.5 V 7 V (nominal 6 V) means a widescreen (16:9) signal 9.5 V 12 V (nominal 12 V) means a normal (4:3) signal Pin 16, the blanking signal pin, carries a signal from the source that indicates that the signal is either RGB or composite. 0 V 0.4 V means composite. 1 V 3 V (nominal 1 V) means RGB only. There is no switching signal to indicate S-Video. Some TVs can auto-detect the p resence of the S-Video signal but more commonly the S-Video input needs to be manually sele cted. Some TV sets that have multiple SCART connectors have only one capable of receiv ing RGB and the other one capable of receiving S-video. Also, not all SCART cables make use of all the pins, often leaving out RGB signals. In many cases there is also no way to see which t ype of signal is currently displayed on the TV set. **********************************************************

HDMI(High-Definition Multimedia Interface) -----------------------------------------Both uncompressed digital audio and video data along with device controlling sig nals are transmitted through one cable.

and its a digital replacement for existing analog video standards. -HDMI supports multi-channel audio in addition to digital video --------------------------Audio with more than 2 channels. Typically this term is applied to 6 (5.1) channel streams. Also called surround formats.-----multi channel The data rate of HDMI is 4.96GBPS resoultion supported in HDMI are HDMI supports varitey of signal format like Dolby Digital,DTS,HD etc... HDMI incorporates content protection called HDCP ( high bandwidth digital conten t protection) ---------------------it is developed by INTEL. HDCP prevents copying of digital audio/video content as it travels over HDMI. If both source(STB) and sink(TV) is HDCP compliance then only TVs can receive an d display the HDCP protected digital contents normally. before sending data(audio/video) transmitting device checks that the receiver is authorized to receive it or not. Data flow in HDMI -----------------HDMI supports bi-directional communication that means communication between sour ce(STB) and sink(TV) HDMI contains various data channels for the transfer of video, audio and data. Two of these data channels are two way interfaces, these are known as the Display Data Channel (DDC) and CEC line. The DDC is imple mented as an I2C bus that provides two way communication between the source and the sink. This aids the negotiation of picture format, in cluding resolution and colour space, between the source and the sink. The source device receives a block of data known as an E-EDID block from the sin k device. The format of this is defined in CEA-861-B. The DDC is used for configuration and status exchange between source and sink.Th e DDC is used by source to read sink's E-EDID(ENHANCED EXTENDED DISPLAY IDENTIFI CATION DATA)inorder to discover sink's configuration. A unique protocol, T.M.D.S.( transmission minimized differential signaling), is used to transport the digital data.

s/pdif -------Digital means the signal is transmitted in a series od 0's and 1's instead of a nalog format.so a/v quality is good because no noise will be added to the signal. why should we use s/pdif if already HDMI is there? because some deiveces doesn't produce video like a professional CD-palyer S/PDIF can carry two channels of PCM audio and Dolby Digital/AC3 audio.

when to use s/pdif -------------------if you are connecting two audio equipement that means u r connecting a cd player with your Tv and u want to play song cd fr om ur cd player then u have to connect through s/pdif because cd-player don't have HDMI connecti on. professional CD player and home theater connect stb to Tv for watching video and connect STB to Home Theater to listen a udio There are two types S/PDIF connectors:coaxial and optical The coaxial connection uses a mono RCA connector usually painted orange The optical connection uses a square connector called Toslink