Carbon and Oxygen Cycle COZ content in the atmosphere contained as much as 0.03%.

Sources COZ in air comes from human and animal respiration, volcanic eruption, burning coal, and factory smoke. Carbon dioxide in the air used by plants to photosynthesize and produce oxygen that will be used by humans and animals for berespirasi. Animals and plants are dead, in a long time to form coal in the ground. Coal will be used again as fuel also increase the levels of C02 in the air. In aquatic ecosystems, the exchange with atmospheric C02 runs indirectly. Carbon dioxide binds with water to form carbonic acid which will break down into bicarbonate ions. Bicarbonate is a carbon source for the algae that produce food for themselves and other heterotrophic organisms. Conversely, when aquatic organisms berespirasi, coz they secrete a bicarbonate. The amount of bicarbonate in the water is balanced by the amount of C02 in water. See Figure FIG. Carbon Cycle http://free.vlsm.org/v12/sponsor/Sponsor-Pendamping/Praweda/Biologi/0032%% 201-7c.htm 20Bio CYCLE / CYCLE CARBON AND OXYGEN TweetFollow @ scorvgirl

In summary, the carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle in which one of exchange / transfer of carbon between areas of the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. Why are coupled with oxygen??? this is because the carbon cycle is closely related to oxygen, especially in terms of photosynthesis and respiration. In accordance with the definition above, there are four places for the presence of carbon, namely: the Biosphere (in living organisms), Geosphere (on the earth), hydrosphere (in water), and atmosphere (air). Carbon cycle occurred on land and water. no significant differences due to the different places. The only difference is the organism. CARBON CYCLE IN PROCESS In general, the carbon will be taken from the air by fotoautotrof organisms (plants, algae, etc. are able to carry out photosynthesis). organism, namely plants, will process carbon into food called carbohydrates, the chemical process as follows: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O (+ Sunlight that is absorbed Chlorophyll) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ Sunlight that is absorbed Chlorophyll) Glucose + Oxygen nah, the synthesis of carbohydrate is eaten the heterotrophic beings as food plus oxygen to breathe. Guns care being herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores, the first source of carbohydrate energy stored in plants. Carbon in the respiratory system will be released again in the form of CO2 that will be released during respiration. In addition to the release of CO2 into the air when breathing, the detrivor (decay) also releases CO2 into the air in the decay process. Man did not lose a role in this process. The results of all combustion, ranging from burning trash, burning of fossil fuels in motor vehicles, factory smoke, and others also releases CO2 into the air. CO2 in the air will be captured by the plant again and the cycle started all over again. On land, the conversion of CO2 into carbohydrates and release oxygen carried by land plants, on the contrary, in the waters, this role is played by fotoautotrof aquatic organisms such as algae,

phytoplankton, and others. similarly with the role that release CO2 into the air. It was conducted by the detrovor and heterotrophic organisms. On land there are human, goat, cow, tiger, etc.. in the ocean there are different types of fish and marine creatures. PROBLEMS IN THE CARBON CYCLE In the air, the concentration of carbon dioxide is very small when compared with the oxygen and nitrogen (less than 0.04%). however, these gases are greenhouse gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect. The addition of these gases can increase the temperature of the earth. Today, the plant population is reduced (lots of broken wood and others) while the motor kedaraan multiply. So we can imagine that the release of CO2 into the air is not comparable to its conversion into carbohydrates by plants. This will affect the balance of the atmosphere and Earth's ecosystems in balance. Further explanation is quite complete, the author took from Indonesian Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The following materials can be used as an extra. The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged between the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth (other astronomical objects may have similar carbon cycle though up to now unknown). In this cycle, there are four major carbon reservoir that is connected by pathways of exchange. Reservoirs are the atmosphere, terrestrial biosphere (usually including freshwater systems and also non-living organic material such as soil carbon (soil carbon)), ocean (including dissolved inorganic carbon and marine biological and non-biological), and sediments (including fossil fuels). The annual movements of carbon, the carbon exchanges between reservoirs, occur because of chemical processes, physics, geology, and biology are manifold. The ocean contains the largest active pool of carbon near the surface of the Earth, but the deep ocean part of this pool does not rapidly exchange with the atmosphere. The global carbon budget is the balance of carbon exchanges (between the incoming and outgoing) between the carbon reservoirs or between one turn (loop) specific carbon cycle (eg, atmosphere - biosphere). Analysis of the carbon budget of a pool or reservoir can provide information about whether the pool or reservoir is functioning as a source (source) or down (sink) of carbon dioxide. Carbon in the atmosphere The bulk of the carbon in the Earth's atmosphere is carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Although the amount of this gas is a very small part of the whole gas in the atmosphere (only about 0.04% in molar basis, though rising), but it has an important role in supporting life. Other gases containing carbon in the atmosphere are methane and kloroflorokarbon or CFCs (CFC gas is an artificial or man-made). These gases are greenhouse gases concentration in the atmosphere has been increasing in recent decades, contributing to global warming. Carbon taken from the atmosphere by various means: - When the sun was shining, plants perform photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and release oxygen into the atmosphere. This process will absorb more carbon in the forest with the newly grown plants or forests that are experiencing rapid growth. - On the sea surface toward the poles, seawater becomes cooler and CO2 will be more soluble. Furthermore, the dissolved CO2 will be carried by the thermohaline circulation that brings air

mass at the surface to a depth of more severe sea or ocean interior (see section solubility pump). - In the upper ocean (upper ocean), in areas with high productivity, organisms form a network that contains carbon, some organisms also form carbonate shells and other body parts were hard. This process will cause the flow of carbon into the bottom (see the biological pump). - Silicate rock weathering. Unlike the previous two, this process does not move the carbon into a reservoir that is ready to return to the atmosphere. Weathering of carbonate rocks have no net effect on atmospheric CO2 as bicarbonate ions that form carried over into the sea which in turn is used to make marine carbonates opposite reaction (reverse reaction). Carbon can be returned to the atmosphere with a variety of ways, namely: - Through breathing (respiration) by plants and animals. This is an exothermic reaction and including in it the decomposition of glucose (or other organic molecules) into carbon dioxide and water. - Through the decay of animal and plant life. Fungi and bacteria break down the carbon compounds in dead animals and plants and convert the carbon to carbon dioxide if oxygen is present, or methane if not available oxygen. - Through the burning of organic material contained oxidize carbon produces carbon dioxide (as well as others such as smoke). Burning fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum products industry (petroleum), and natural gas releases carbon that has been stored for millions of years in the geosphere. It is this which is the main cause of rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. - Production of cement. One of its components, namely lime or limestone or calcium oxide, is produced by heating limestone or limestone will produce carbon dioxide are also in significant amounts. - On the surface of the oceans where the water becomes warmer, dissolved carbon dioxide is released back into the atmosphere. - Volcanic eruption or volcanic eruption releases the gas into the atmosphere. These gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur. The amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere is roughly the same amount of carbon dioxide lost from the atmosphere due to weathering of silicate; Both of these chemical processes are opposite each other will give the sum equal to zero and does not affect the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in the scale time of less than 100,000 years. Carbon in the biosphere Around 1900 gigatonnes of carbon in the biosphere. Carbon is an essential part of life on Earth. It has an important role in the structure, biochemistry, and nutrition of all living cells. And life has an important role in the carbon cycle: - Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own organic compounds using carbon dioxide from the air and the water in which they live. To produce the organic compounds they need a source of energy. Almost all autotrophs use solar radiation to meet energy needs, and the production process is called photosynthesis. Some small number of autotrophs exploit chemical energy sources, and is called chemosynthesis. The most important autotrophs for the carbon cycle are trees in forests on land and phytoplankton in the sea. Photosynthesis has 6CO2 + 6H2O reaction C6H12O6 + 6O2 - Carbon transferred within the biosphere as food heterotrophic in other organisms or parts thereof (such as fruit). These include the use of dead organic material (detritus) by fungi and bacteria for fermentation or decay. Most carbon leaves the biosphere through respiration. When oxygen is present, aerobic respiration occurs, which releases carbon dioxide into the air or water around the reaction

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O. In a state without oxygen, anaerobic respiration occurs and releases methane into the surrounding environment, which eventually migrate into the atmosphere or hydrosphere. Burning of biomass (eg forest fires, wood used for fires or firewood, etc..) Can also move the carbon into the atmosphere in large quantities. Carbon can also switch from bisofer when dead organic material together with the geosphere (such as peat). Calcium carbonate shells of animals from the limestone through the process of sedimentation. The rest of the cycling of carbon in the deep ocean, are studied. For example, the recent discovery that larvacean mucus houses (commonly known as "sinkers") are made in large quantities which is able to carry a lot of carbon to the deep ocean as detected by sediment traps. Because of their size and composition, these houses are rarely collected in such traps, so most biogeochemical analyzes have erroneously ignored. Carbon storage in the biosphere is influenced by a number of processes in different time scales: while net primary productivity follows the daily and seasonal cycle, carbon can be stored up to several hundred years in trees and up to thousands of years in the soil. Long-term changes in carbon pools (eg through de-or afforestation) or through temperature-related changes in soil respiration) would directly affect global warming. Carbon in the ocean Sea contains about 36,000 gigatons of carbon, which is mostly in the form of bicarbonate ions. Inorganic carbon, that is carbon compounds with no carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds, is important in the reaction in water. This carbon exchange becomes important in controlling pH in the ocean and can also change the source (source) or down (sink) of carbon. Carbon ready for exchanged between the atmosphere and oceans. In areas of upwelling, carbon is released into the atmosphere. In contrast, the downwelling area carbon (CO2) moves from the atmosphere to the ocean. At the time of CO2 entering the ocean, carbonic acid is formed: CO2 + H2O H2CO3 This reaction has a characteristic two-way, reached a chemical equilibrium. Other reactions that are important in controlling the pH value of the oceans is the release of hydrogen ions and bicarbonate. This reaction controls large changes in pH: H2CO3 H + + HCO3