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Identifying Species.
It is hard to identify using phenotype as external conditions can cause individuals of the same species to look very different, so DNA profiling is used, looking at the non-coding parts of the genetic code to identify patterns. The more closely a species is related to another, the more recently they diverged. DNA profiling supports evolution. Proteomics is the study of proteins, of the size, shape and amino acid sequence. Related organisms have similar DNA sequences, and so similar amino acid
sequences in their proteins, so organisms that diverged from each other more recently should have more similar proteins, as less time has passed for changes to occur. Findings have supported this. The scientific community validates evidence about evolution. First, the scientist collects data to test theories and ideas, and the data either supports or doesnt support the theory, e.g. DNA and proteomic data has been collected which supports the theory of evolution. Then, the scientific community around the world share and discuss the evidence on the theory to make sure it is valid and reliable. The scientific community can share and discuss their work in three ways: 1. Scientific journals, as they allow sharing of ideas and experiments, which other scientists can repeat to see if they get the same results using the same methods, and the more they do, the more reliable the evidence becomes. 2. Peer review, before publishing, other scientist who work in the same are read and review the work to check that it is valid and supports the conclusions. This helps ensure that experiments are carried out to the highest possible standards. 3. Conferences, meetings that scientists attend to discuss each others work, some scientist may be invited to present their work, and the scientists in the audience can ask questions and discuss their work with them.