EXPERIMENT 2 : DEFLECTION OF A CANTILEVER BEAM

OBJECTIVE : To determine the value of deflection of a cantilever beam and to compare this value with the value obtained by theoretical calculation. THEORY : In the theory, any point loaded applied to a cantilever beam, the deflection is given by; s= and =

Where s = deflection in mm W = point load in N E = Modulus of Elasticity of beam in N/ I= Moment of Inertia of beam in L = length or span of beam in mm

APPARATUS : Support for a cantilever beam Load hangers Load/weights Sample of beam Dial gauge Vernier scale Stirrups Hock

PROCEDURE : 1. the geometrical dimension of the beam was obtained using vernier scale; 2. the apparatus was prepared by taking the measurement of length of cantilever beam, L = 690mm 3. the reading of the dial gauge was recorded. This is the first reading before the load is applied (ie. W =0N)

4. load of 5 N was applied and the dial gauge reading was read. 5. the loading by 5 N was increased increment and the dial gauge reading was read until the load reaches 50 N or s= 50mm whichever come first. 6. Base on the result recorded, a graph of Load against deflection was plotted. 7. From the graph the ratio of load against deflection that is W/s(N/mm)was deduced

RESULT : Measurement of beam section : width, b = 250 mm Depth, d = 60 mm Length, L = 600 mm Moment of Inertia of beam, I= b /12 = 4500000 m Load, 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 W (N) Deflection, 1.00 5.19 9.36 14.91 18.46 22.37 27.98 31.92 35.49 39.58 44.52 48.73 s (mm)

QUESTIONS : 1. Using the plotted graph, what is the value of W/s ratio of the beam? (on graph paper) 2.Calculate, 2.1 The ratio of W/s using the beam measurement and Slope of graph W/s =

= =1.152 N/mm 2.2 Modulus of Elasticity of the beam. This is the theoretical value of W/s of beam.

=
W E ETheory = 8EIS

=
= =1.152N/mm =1.152 N/mm =6.912 N/mm

3. Compare the experimental value and the theoretical value of W/s obtained. That have difference value of experiment and theoretical

4. The value of Modulus of Elasticity may be obtained arithmetically from the equation of deflection given. Using the value of W/s from graph plotted, calculate the Modulus of Elasticity for this beam. Is there any difference between the experimental E value compared to that of the theoretical one? Based on the result that show the theoretical value and experiment value of result have difference between that, this cause factor by error reading and environmental factor

5. List the probabilities of the discrepancies to the results above. That show error reading cause when do the experiment student not able use eyes to reading sharply as usual just want to take experiment result by that.reading error also cause by not start by the zero or more than the zero reading.than the factor also by environmental, wind is the factor cause that. So that before start the experiment student must carry out the experiment very far away from enviromental factor that cause reading result have mistake. DISCUSSION From the theoretical value shows that have the difference due to experiment result consider by factor reading.the suitanaible to improve reading mistaken make sure don not have factor effect to the labrotory work.the theoretical shows have improve method as suitable based on the load. CONCLUSION From the result by the experiment, the conclusion by that showns the value of deflection of a cantilever beam and to compare this value with the value obtained by theoretical calculation is have difference between that.the result due to make a value deflection can be obtained by the theoretical calculation.