Acrnim o

2B+D

Definicin
Synonymous with basic rate interface (BRI) and basic rate access (BRA).

Trminos relacionados/dispositivos/ ejemplos o explicaciones adicionales

Referring to the ITU-T specification for an ISDN interface supporting two bearer (B) channels and one data (D) channel. See also ISDN and BRI. ATM is designed to take advantage of high-speed transmission media, such as E3, SONET, and T3.

ATM

BECN

BRI

CHAP

CIR

CO

CPE

Asynchronous Transfer Mode. The international standard for cell relay in which multiple service types (such as voice, video, or data) are conveyed in fixed-length (53-byte) cells. Fixedlength cells allow cell processing to occur in hardware, thereby reducing transit delays. Backward explicit congestion notification. Bit set by a Frame Relay network in frames traveling in the opposite direction of frames encountering a congested path. Basic Rate Interface. ISDN interface composed of two B channels and one D channel for circuit-switched communication of voice, video, and data. Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol. Security feature supported on lines using PPP encapsulation that prevents unauthorized access. CHAP does not itself prevent unauthorized access, but merely identifies the remote end. The router or access server then determines whether that user is allowed access. Committed information rate. The rate at which a Frame Relay network agrees to transfer information under normal conditions, averaged over a minimum increment of time. CIR, measured in bits per second, is one of the key negotiated tariff metrics. Central office. The local telephone company office to which all local loops in a given area connect and in which circuit switching of subscriber lines occurs. Customer premises equipment. Terminating equipment, such as terminals, telephones, and modems, supplied by the telephone company, installed at customer sites, and connected to the telephone company

DTE receiving frames with the BECN bit set can request that higher-level protocols take flow control action as appropriate. Compare with FE. Compare with PRI. See also BISDN, ISDN, and N-ISDN.

Compare with PAP

See also Bc.

Can also refer to any telephone equipment residing on the customer site.

network. CSU/DSU CSU Channel service unit. Digital interface device that connects end-user equipment to the local digital telephone loop. Data service unit. Device used in digital transmission that adapts the physical interface on a DTE device to a transmission facility, such as T1 or E1. The DSU also is responsible for such functions as signal timing. 1. Data communications equipment (EIA expansion). 2. Data circuit-terminating equipment (ITU-T expansion). Devices and connections of a communications network that comprise the network end of the userto-network interface. The DCE provides a physical connection to the network, forwards traffic, and provides a clocking signal used to synchronize data transmission between DCE and DTE devices. Dial-on-demand routing. Technique whereby a router can automatically initiate and close a circuit-switched session as transmitting stations demand. The router spoofs keepalives so that end stations treat the session as active. Demarcation point between carrier equipment and CPE Data-link connection identifier. Value that specifies a PVC or an SVC in a Frame Relay network. In the basic Frame Relay specification, DLCIs are locally significant (connected devices might use different values to specify the same connection). In the LMI extended specification, DLCIs are globally significant (DLCIs specify individual end devices). Data terminal equipment. Device at the user end of a user-network interface that serves as a data source, destination, or both. DTE connects to a data network through a DCE device (for example, a modem) and typically uses clocking signals generated by the DCE. DTE includes such devices as computers, protocol translators, and multiplexers. Often referred to together with DSU, as CSU/DSU. See also DSU. Often referred to together with CSU, as CSU/DSU.

DSU

DCE

Modems and interface cards are examples of DCE. Compare with DTE.

DDR

DDR permits routing over ISDN or telephone lines using an external ISDN terminal adaptor or modem.

DEMARC DLCI

See also LMDS.

DTE

Compare with DCE.

FECN

Frame Relay

IETF

ISDN

LAPB

LAPD

LCP LMI

Forward explicit congestion notification. Bit set by a Frame Relay network to inform DTE receiving the frame that congestion was experienced in the path from source to destination. DTE receiving frames with the FECN bit set can request that higher-level protocols take flow-control action as appropriate. Industry-standard, switched data link layer protocol that handles multiple virtual circuits using HDLC encapsulation between connected devices. Frame Relay is more efficient than X.25, the protocol for which it generally is considered a replacement. Internet Engineering Task Force. Task force consisting of over 80 working groups responsible for developing Internet standards. Integrated Services Digital Network. Communication protocol offered by telephone companies that permits telephone networks to carry data, voice, and other source traffic. Link Access Procedure, Balanced. Data link layer protocol in the X.25 protocol stack. LAPB is a bit-oriented protocol derived from HDLC. Link Access Procedure on the D channel. ISDN data link layer protocol for the D channel. LAPD was derived from the LAPB protocol and is designed primarily to satisfy the signaling requirements of ISDN basic access. Defined by ITU-T Recommendations Q.920 and Q.921. Link control protocol. Protocol that establishes, configures, and tests datalink connections for use by PPP. Local Management Interface. Set of enhancements to the basic Frame Relay specification. LMI includes support for a keepalive mechanism, which verifies that data is flowing; a multicast mechanism, which provides the network server with its local DLCI and the multicast DLCI; global addressing, which gives DLCIs global rather than local significance in Frame Relay networks; and a status mechanism, which provides an on-

Compare with BECN.

See also X.25

The IETF operates under the auspices of ISOC. See also ISOC. See also BISDN, BRI, N-ISDN, and PRI

See also HDLC and X.25.

MAN

NCP

NT1

NT2

PAP

PBX

PDN

going status report on the DLCIs known to the switch. Known as LMT in ANSI terminology. Metropolitan-area network. Network that spans a metropolitan area. Generally, a MAN spans a larger geographic area than a LAN, but a smaller geographic area than a WAN. 1. Network Control Program. In SNA, a program that routes and controls the flow of data between a communications controller (in which it resides) and other network resources. 2. Network Control Protocol. Series of protocols for establishing and configuring different network layer protocols, such as for AppleTalk over PPP. 3. Network control point. The process within the AT&T signaling network that sends routing requests to a Customer Routing Point (CRP), such as the network interface controller (NIC) within the ICM. Network termination 1. In ISDN, a device that provides the interface between customer premises equipment and central office switching equipment. Network termination 2 In Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN,) an intelligent device that may include functionality for OSI Layers 1 through 3 (dependent on individual systems requirements. Password Authentication Protocol. Authentication protocol that allows PPP peers to authenticate one another. The remote router attempting to connect to the local router is required to send an authentication request. Unlike CHAP, PAP passes the password and the host name or username in the clear (unencrypted). PAP does not itself prevent unauthorized access but merely identifies the remote end. The router or access server then determines whether that user is allowed access. Private branch exchange. Digital or analog telephone switchboard located on the subscriber premises and used to connect private and public telephone networks. 1. Public data network. Network

Compare with LAN and WAN.

PAP is supported only on PPP lines. Compare with CHAP.

POP

PPP

operated either by a government (as in Europe) or by a private concern to provide computer communications to the public, usually for a fee. PDNs enable small organizations to create a WAN without the equipment costs of long-distance circuits. 2. Public/private/packet data network. Represents a public or private packetbased network, such as an IP or X.25 network. 1. Point of presence. In OSS, a physical location where an interexchange carrier installed equipment to interconnect with a local exchange carrier (LEC). 2. Post Office Protocol. Protocol that client e-mail applications use to retrieve mail from a mail server. Point-to-Point Protocol. Successor to SLIP that provides router-to-router and host-to-network connections over synchronous and asynchronous circuits. Whereas SLIP was designed to work with IP, PPP was designed to work with several network layer protocols, such as IP, IPX, and ARA. PPP also has built-in security mechanisms, such as CHAP and PAP. PPP relies on two protocols: LCP and NCP. Primary Rate Interface. ISDN interface to primary rate access. Primary rate access consists of a single 64-kbps D channel plus 23 (T1) or 30 (E1) B channels for voice or data. Compare with BRI. Public switched telephone network. General term referring to the variety of telephone networks and services in place worldwide. Sometimes called POTS. Permanent virtual circuit (or connection). Virtual circuit that is permanently established. PVCs save bandwidth associated with circuit establishment and tear down in situations where certain virtual circuits must exist all the time. In ATM terminology, called a permanent virtual connection. Regional Bell operating company. Seven regional telephone companies formed by the breakup of AT&T. RBOCs differ from RBHCs in that RBOCs do not

See also CHAP, LCP, NCP, PAP, and SLIP.

PRI

See also BISDN, ISDN, and NISDN.

PSTN

PVC

Compare with SVC. See also virtual circuit.

RBOC

SDLC

SLIP SMDS

SOHO

SPID

SS7 SVC

cross state boundaries. Synchronous Data Link Control. SNA data link layer communications protocol. SDLC is a bit-oriented, full-duplex serial protocol that has spawned numerous similar protocols, including HDLC and LAPB. Serial Line Internet Protocol. Standard protocol for point-to-point serial connections using a variation of TCP/IP. Switched Multimegabit Data Service. High-speed, packet-switched, datagram-based WAN networking technology offered by the telephone companies. Small office, home office. Networking solutions and access technologies for offices that are not directly connected to large corporate networks. Service profile identifier. Number that some service providers use to define the services to which an ISDN device subscribes. The ISDN device uses the SPID when accessing the switch that initializes the connection to a service provider. Signaling System 7. Standard CCS system used with BISDN and ISDN. Developed by Bellcore. Switched virtual circuit. Virtual circuit that is dynamically established on demand and is torn down when transmission is complete. SVCs are used in situations where data transmission is sporadic. Digital WAN carrier facility. T1 transmits DS-1formatted data at 1.544 Mbps through the telephoneswitching network, using AMI or B8ZS coding. Time-division multiplexing. Technique in which information from multiple channels can be allocated bandwidth on a single wire based on preassigned time slots. Bandwidth is allocated to each channel regardless of whether the station has data to transmit. Data terminal equipment (DTE) with integrated ISDN support. In an ISDN, the System i system is a TE1. Data terminal equipment (DTE) without

See also HDLC and LAPB.

Predecessor of PPP. See also CSI and PPP. See also CBDS.

See also CCS. See also virtual circuit. Called a switched virtual connection in ATM terminology. Compare with PVC.

T1

Compare with E1. See also AMI, B8ZS, and DS-1.

TA TDM

Compare with ATDM, FDM, and statistical multiplexing.

TE1 TE2

See also terminal equipment 2. See also terminal equipment 1.

X.25

an ISDN interface. To communicate with other equipment through an ISDN, this equipment must have the protocol converted to one that can be recognized by the network. For example, a 7820 ISDN terminal adapter may be used. ITU-T standard that defines how connections between DTE and DCE are maintained for remote terminal access and computer communications in PDNs. X.25 specifies LAPB, a data link layer protocol, and PLP, a network layer protocol. Frame Relay has to some degree superseded X.25.

See also Frame Relay, LAPB, and PLP