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Charcoal briquettes from wood and non-wood biomass wastes such as leaves, twigs, branches and other cellolusic biomass can lessen wood and wood charcoal consumption of poultry farms, households and domestic business which is about 5.4 million cubic meters/year fuelwood from the forest and woodlands or an equivalent charcoal of 1.35 million metric tons. Such substitution will not only put abandoned biomass and agroforestry wastes into good use but also help mitigate carbon dioxide emission in the atmosphere and lessen the depletion of the countrys forest resources. For every ton of briquettes produced, about 88 trees are conserved.
Our Goals
1. To reduce pressure in cutting/using wood from the natural forest, which is traditionally used for charcoal production in the uplands and mangrove areas; 2. To provide additional source of income and livelihood opportunities to the upland farmers, coastal dwellers and urban poor; 3. To produce charcoal briquettes and other products (such as liquid smoke) from abandoned biomass such as leaves, twigs, grasses and buko wastes for household energy; 4. To utilize plantation prunnings and agricultural and urban cellulosic wastes; and 5. To produce biofuel that is environment-friendly, economically and socially acceptable for domestic and industrial uses.
Current Situation
DENR-ERDB has produced under laboratory and field commercial conditions, charcoal briquettes from different species and material combinations including urban wastes, and has piloted the technology in CBFM areas. Trainings from different regions were conducted as part of the DENRs thrust in bringing the technology to the uplands and urban areas as one of their alternative livelihood. Several species and species combination were already produced and tested with regards to their heating value. For each region, material used depends on what are the materials available for use in charcoal briquette production. At present, about 35 species of wood and non-wood biomass combinations that can be used as raw material were tried and tested. Table 1 shows the projected supply and demand of fuelwood in the Philippines. Table 2 presents the feasibility of a 300-kg/day abandoned biomass charcoal briquetting facility. It is expected to generate a net present value (NPV) of P2,085,085.71 and a 100% internal rate of return (IRR). The sensitivity analysis showed that the effects of inflation and price reduction do not pose an alteration to the feasibility of the project. The project is still feasible even with a simultaneous 20% decrease in gross benefits and 20% increase in total cost. From the analysis, the project was found feasible as a business venture and therefore, a worthwhile investment. In terms of organization, the project only requires a very simple organizational structure and the process is not complicated. Moreover, the project is deemed environmentally sound. It sought to replace the traditional charcoal making in the community which poses great threat to the watershed environment as it necessitates the cutting of trees.
The project has been found to spare 6,970 trees annually (Table 3) as it only requires the utilization of abandoned biomass. Positive externalities are also expected from it, such as its potential for carbon sequestration, the landscape amenities it will provide, protection of biodiversity among others. Table 4 shows the comparative analysis of the type of charcoal requirement per household.
Biomass1990
3,025 31,000 7,700 38,700 35,675
Economic Parameters Target Competitive Price Break-even Volume Net Present Value (NPV, 12%) Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) Internal Rate of Return (IRR) = = = = = Php 15.00/kg 76,107 kg Php 2,085,085.71 1.81 100%
B. Decrease gross benefits by 20% 1.30 C. Increase in total cost by 20% D. Increase operating cost by cost by 20% E. Simultaneous occurrence of B and C
1.35 1.38
1.08
2009
REQUIREMENT/HOUSEHOLD
Biomass is a renewable resource which can be managed sustainably. High quality charcoal briquettes can
replace expensive imported fossil fuel. Utilization and conversion of abandoned biomass to charcoal briquettes cleans the community of wastes and can serve as additional/alternative livelihood to alleviate poverty especially for the underprivileged
Examples of Raw Materials Corn Cobs and Stover Coconut husks and shells Banana Wastes Peanuts and Pili Nuts Shell Abandoned biomass/tree branches/trimmings Furniture, sawmill and wood wastes Sugarcane, durian and rice hulls Cogon, pili leaves and driftwoods Bamboo and baho baho species Process Flow - Charcoal Briquetting
Country
World Estimat e Japan Germany Republic of Korea United Kingdo m USA Belgium Greece Netherlands Italy
Annual growth in Quantity Value of Import Unit value value Imported (US$ '000) (US$/unit) between 2005-2006, 2006 (Tons) %
6 2 3 32
4 5 6 24 3 8