Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Department of Electrical Engineering

EE 311 Electrical Machines and Power Electronics Lab. Date of Exp. : 21st Aug. 2012 Date of Submission: 28th Aug.2012 B. Tech.: Electrical, Sem. : V

Submitted by: Nitya Pawar(10002022)

EXPERIMENT 3: LOAD TEST ON THREE PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR AND EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT DETERMINATION USING NO LOAD AND BLOCKED ROTOR TESTS. AIM: 1. To conduct load test on 3 squirrel cage induction motor and obtain its performance characteristics. 2. Equivalent circuit model determination using OC and SC tests and performance analysis. APPARATUS REQUIRED: Sl. No. 1. Apparatus Rotating from Test bench Specification configured for running the DC machine as Generator and the Induction machine as Motor the prime mover for the DC generator. 2 Extension Panel Panel that facilitates having terminals extended from rotating machinery, power supplies, Load banks and panel meters. THEORY A three phase induction motor consists of a stationary stator and rotating rotor separated by uniform air gap. Two types of rotor used are slip ring rotor and squirrel cage rotor. When a three phase supply is given to a stator, a revolving magnetic field rotating at synchronous speed is produced. The lines of force of stator field cut the rotor conductors and alternating emf is induced in the rotor conductors due to the relative motion between the stator field and the rotor conductors. The Interaction between the stator magnetic field and the rotor current carrying conductors causes a force upon the rotor conductors ending them to turn in the direction of flux. 1 Quantity 1 Machines The machines from the Test Bench are to be

Torque is produced only when the speed of the rotor is less than N s. When the rotor is loaded the speeds falls causing an increase in relative motion between stator and rotor conductors, rotor current and hence the torque in order to cope with the increased load. With the circuit model developed for the induction motor, the parameters of the circuit can be obtained from no load and blocked rotor tests. When the machine is run on no load, very little torque is developed by it. The rotor Branch acts like an open circuit. The slip is near to zero resulting in infinite impedance on the rotor branch. When the Machine is prevented from rotating the slip is unity. The elements representing the magnetising branch Rm and Xm are high impedances much larger than RT and XTR in series. Thus the equivalent circuit under this condition, the magnetising branch is neglected. The equivalent circuit under these conditions are shown below. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (LOAD TEST)

A V

M C W1

L V

A
R B

3, 415VAC, 50 Hz

G A

Y Induction Motor
W2 C V L

L O A D

B MCB 16 A

V _
Sensors T&S
Display T/I

Variable Power Supply 1 Supply

Control

NO LOAD AND BLOCKED ROTOR TEST

R

A
3 Auto Xmer R

3 Phase Power Supply

V
B

W1 R

No Load or Blocked

Y B

W2

B Y Induction Motor

PROCEDURE (LOAD TEST) 1. The Induction Machine is selected and configured as Motor running directly on the Incoming Supply. 2. The DC machine is configured as Generator and the field is kept at minimum initially. The Load is not connected to the DC output of the Generator. The DC machine is the load for the Induction Motor. 3. The Induction Motor is started and brought to rated rpm. 4. The DC Machine field is gradually increased till the output voltage reaches the rated voltage of the Generator. 5. The input supply current, voltage, power and Power factor of the Induction Machine can be measured using the required meters.. Also the output of the IM parameters namely the speed and the Torque are also noted from the Monitoring Panel of the DC machine. The first set of readings when the Generator is on no load is recorded. 6. The Load on the DC generator is added gradually and the corresponding readings are recorded for each load step. 7. The above step is repeated till the IM current reaches the rated value. 8. Remove the load completely and bring down the DC machine field to minimum. 9. Switch off the Induction motor and the main supply. TABULATION: Supply Line Voltage Current VL IL (Volt) (Amp.)
377.22 377.46 379.55 382.81 381.48 380.90 381.72 379.72 1.25 1.22 1.42 1.61 1.83 2.05 2.28 2.46

Sr. No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Speed N (RPM)
1493 1490 1483 1475 1469 1462 1454 1447

I/P Power (Watt)

356.43 445.47 812.25 1169.4 1497.3 1776.3 2070.5 2308.2

Torque T (NM)
1.1 1.7 3.5 5.2 6.9 8.6 10.2 11.7

O/P

(Watt)
without Excitation 539.81 797.68 1054.15 1307.61 1542.40 1760.70

Efficiency (%)
excitan without 66.45 68.21 70.40 73.61 74.49 76.28

Slip S (%)

Power Factor (Cos )

.28

load 1.1 1.7 2.1 2.5 3.06 3.53

.31 .50 .62 .71 .77 .80 .83

CALCULATION Input to motor Motor output % Efficiency % Slip : : : : Where, Ns = synchronous speed, N= actual speed Power factor, cos MODEL GRAPHS:
T Nm
0

W Watt

100

pf T N

Output

% Slip

Observed graph:
1.

Torque v/s Output Power

14 12 10 Torque 8 6 4 2 0 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 Output Power

2.

Speed v/s output power

1485 1480 1475 Speend 1470 1465 1460 1455 1450 1445 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 Output Power

3.

Efficiency v/s Output Power

78 76 74 Efficiency 72 70 68 66 64

250

500

750

1000

1250

1500

1750

2000

Output Power

4.

Power Factor v/s Output Power

0.9 0.8 0.7 Power Factor 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0

250

500

750

1000

1250

1500

1750

2000

Output Power

PROCEDURE( Equivalent Circuit Determination) NO LOAD TEST 1. The Rotary Bench is configured for the Induction Motor operation. The Motor shaft is delinked from the DC machine. 2. Using the DOL starter mode the machine is started and made to run under no load. 3. The applied voltage, the no load current and the No load power are noted down. BLOCKED ROTOR TEST: 1. Rotary Bench is configured for the Induction Motor operation thro external supply source. 2. The external supply source with fed with a Variable 3 phase AC supply ( using an Autotransformer) 3. The rotor is held/Blocked. The 3 ph voltages to the motor is gradually applied keeping a watch on the stator current. Once the rated current is reached, (with the rotor in blocked condition) the voltage, current and the power readings are noted. The Voltage to the machine is brought to zero and the power is switched off. TABULATION: No load test: Sr. No. 1 Volt 414.26 IO Amp 1,57 3 Phase Power 278.1 W Power factor .137(82.3)

Blocked rotor test: Sr. No. 1 71.6 2.4 VS Volts IS Amps. WS = Total system Power factor power in Watts 310.5 .59

CALCULATION OF EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT PARAMETERS In no load the current drawn is primarily by the magnetising branch and the power consumed by the core loss is too high compared to the loss in the stator resistance. The stator cu loss is neglected and the input power is consumed at the R m in meeting the core loss. Hence f or the data of Input voltage, current and the Power the following circuit parameters are calculated, Let the applied voltage = Vs Then the current drawn is given by Is

-------------- (1)
-------------- (2)

From these equations the R m and Xm are calculated.

In blocked rotor test the rotor is prevented from running and hence the slip of the operation is unity. Since the current drawn is decided by the resistance and leakage reactance alone, the measured power is entirely consumed in the stator resistance plus the equivalent resistance of rotor referred to the stator. Using the equivalent circuit of this test, the resistive and the reactive component of the stator and the equivalent rotor component referred to stator can be evaluated as shown below, ------------- (1) ------------- (2) ------------- (3) Assume,

The Stator resistance is measured using a voltmeter and ammeter method employing a variable DC source. The Equivalent circuit thus determined is shown below. EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT:

Rs

Xls

R/s

Xlr

Rr (1-s)/s Rm Xm

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS EVALUATION From the equivalent circuit many aspects of the steady state behaviour of the machine can be deduced. The most important of all is the speed Torque characteristics of the machine.

In order to estimate the speed torque characteristics let us suppose that a Sinusoidal voltage is impressed on the machine. The Current drawn by the circuit is,

Neglecting the magnetising current the air gap power is given by

The mechanical power output P given by (1-s) Pg. The Torque is obtained by the relation,

Overall Torque,

The Torque may be plotted as function of s and t Called Torque Slip characteristics.

Torque v/s % Slip

14 12 10 Torque 8 6 4 2 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 % slip

RESULT AND INFERENCE: 1. The observed curve for efficiency, speed, torque, and power factor v/s output (load) current is found to be similar to the model curve, the curve is not complete as we have worked out few readings only. 2. The performance characteristic curve of the motor i.e. torque-slip curve is also found matching with the model graph given. 3. By calculating equivalent circuit parameters, we now know, Rm=617.08 Xm=462.9 Rs=Rr=26.95 Xs=Sr=22.44 4.