Chapter Ten Multiple Choice Questions 1.

Which of the following concepts must be considered when defining an ideal just society? A Justice B Duty C Rights D Freedom E All of the above E 2. Who argued that an ideal state could only be achieved by a commitment to the principles of virtue, both by the leaders and the citizens? A Confucius B Plato C Locke D Hobbes E Aristotle A 3. Who claimed that society ought to be based on function and harmony? A Confucius B Plato C Locke D Hobbes E Aristotle B 4. Who believed that the state is prior to the individual? A Confucius B Plato C Locke D Hobbes E Aristotle

5. Who argued that humans are fundamentally predisposed to selfishness and state of nature, and when unrestrained by laws, leads to chaos? A Confucius B Plato C Locke D Hobbes E Aristotle D 6. Who believed that humans are governed by natural laws and entitled to inalienable rights, such as the right to life, liberty, health, and property? A Confucius B Plato C Locke D Hobbes E Rawls C 7. Who claimed that to conceive of a fair and just society, we must assume a veil of ignorance regarding our own standing and situation within that idealized society? A Confucius B Plato C Locke D Hobbes E none of the above E 8. What is the sociopolitical view that believes societys resources belong to all members and ought to be shared with everyone? A liberalism B capitalism C socialism D all of the above E none of the above 9. What is the sociopolitical view that champions the liberty, rights, and responsibilities of the individual? A liberalism B capitalism C socialism D all of the above E none of the above A 10. Who argued that a reconsideration of traditional gender roles is necessary so we can develop a more just and fair society? A Aristotle B Plato C Hobbes D Okin E all of the above D

True/False Questions 1. Distributive justice is theory that deals with how societys wealth, opportunity and power should be distributed. T 2. Retributive justice is a theory that deals with how societies should treat those who violate laws. T 3. For Plato, a just society allows for civil disobedience. F 4. For Aristotle, living in society is unnatural. F 5. A social contract is an agreement between people and their rulers or among people in the community. T 6. For Hobbes and Locke, individual must be coerced to enter into a social contract.F

7. For Rawls, a society is just only if it is truly fair. T 8. For Marx, it is inevitable that the proletariat will rise in revolution against the bourgeoisie. T 9. Capitalism is a social organization based on communal ownership of resources and self-government. F 10. Mill believed that it was never acceptable to interfere with an individuals liberty .F

Matching Questions Match the philosopher with their view on what society ought to be. A Confucius B Plato C Aristotle D Hobbes E Locke F Rawls G Marx H Mill I Okin

1. A society ought to be based on a social contract recognizing certain in alienable rights for individuals. __E 2. For there to be meaningful justice, a radical restructuring of gender roles is necessary. ___ I 3. Rejects the idea that government has the right to interfere with individual liberty except in those cases where the general welfare of others is threatened. __ H 4. Argued that humans do have the right to defend themselves and through the use of reason recognize the necessity of a social contract. __ D 5. Argued that man is a political creature by nature. ___ C 6. Believed society consisted of three classes: philosopher-kings, guardians, and workers. ___ B 7. Developed a view of society that has dominated Chinese culture. __ A 8. Argued that capitalism is flawed. __ G 9 .Believed in two principles of justice: equal right to liberty and equal opportunity. __ F