holiday terms All 24 Terms

Term
amak bayram Cadlar Bayram Cumhuriyet bayram Dini Bayram Drt Temmuz hediye gelenek geleneksel geleneksel olarak karacuma Kurban Bayram kutlama kutlamak Milli Bayram Noel Aac Noel Baba Noel Gecesi ozgl lk gn eker Bayram sslemek ukran gn to open holiday Halloween Republic Holiday Religious Holiday Fourth of July gift tradition traditonal traditionally Black Friday Sacrafice Holiday celebration to celebrate National Holiday Christmas Tree Santa Claus Christmas Eve Indenpendence Day Sweet Holiday (after Ramadan) to decorate Thanksgiving

Definition

Yilba Noel orap

New Years Christmas stocking

Greetings and common expressions

Greetings and common expressions in Turkish
Gnaydn: Good morning yi akamlar : Good evening yi geceler : Good night
In English the expressions; Good evening and Good night are singular. In Turkish they are plural.

Merhaba :Hello!, Hi!

Merhaba corresponds to Hello!, Hi! in English. Its usage is identical in either language. . The reply for Merhaba is Merhaba. But, Merhaba is not used for Hello! on the telephone. This type of Hello is Alo

Selam: Hello!, Hi!

Selam is more informal than Merhaba

Selamnaleykm: literally means May Gods peace be upon you and is used by Muslims as
a greeting.

Aleykmselam: is said in reply to the greeting Selamnaleykm. Allahasmarladk, Hoca kaln : Goodbye Gle gle :Goodbye
The one who leaves, says Allahasmarladk or Hoca kaln. The one who stays behind, says Gle gle Allahasmarladk is literally, I leave you to Gods care. It is almost the same with Goodbye Goodbye in English is the clipping of God bless you. Hoca kaln corresponds Stay well in English. Gle gle corresponds Go well in English. Either Allahasmarladk or Hoca kaln is correct in informal situations. But in formal situatiaons Hoca kaln is better.

yi gnler: Have a good day

Its usage is almost the same as in English. It is also the formal of Allahsmarladk and Hoca kaln.The reply for yi gnler is either yi gnler or Size de (same to you)

Grrz: See you later

The reply for Grrz is Grrz.

Allah rahatlk versin : This is an informal expression for Good night. It means May God give
you peace and comfort It is generally used by the members of the family at home or friends before going to bed. The reply for Allah rahatl versin is Sana da(same to you)

Buyurun, Buyrun :
1. When someone wants to visit you , and asks if you have time, your positive answer will be Buyrun, which literally is an invitation and it means that the speaker will be happy to see the quest in his/her home. 2. When someone wants to say or ask you someting you will give him the chance to speak by saying Buyrun!. This corresponds to Yes, please in English. 3. When you go in a store the shopkeeper will say Buyrun to you. It means May I help you? in English. 4. When you offer your guest something to eat or drink you bring it and say Buyrun to the guest. This corresponds to This is for you, or Help yourself, please. in English. In this usage the reply for Buyrun is Teekkr ederim (Thank you) 5. If you want to give way to someone at a door or you want him go first you step aside and say Buyrun It corresponds After you in English. The reply is Teekkr ederim 6. When someone at your door and wants to go in you say Buyrun , and he comes in. This is for Come in, pls in English. 7. When someone comes to visit you you offer him a seat by saying Buyrun This is Have a seat, pls in Turkish. 8. When you pick up the receiver to answer the phone you can either say Alo! , or Buyrun! This is Hello! in English.

Ho geldiniz, Ho bulduk:
Ho geldiniz corresponds Wellcome in English. The reply for Ho geldiniz is Ho bulduk

Teekkr ederim, Saolun: Thank you

The reply for teekkr ederim is Bir ey deil or Rica ederim ( You are wellcome)

Gznz aydn: When something which the speaker longing for comes true, he tells the
others about it. They say Gznz aydn to the speaker. The expression indicates that the others share the speakers happiness, and that they are also happy about it. The reply for Gznz aydn is Teekkr ederim.

Hayrl olsun: When someone opens a shop or starts a new bussiness, others say Hayrl
olsun to him. The expression indicates the speakers wish that the new bussiness will bring

him prosperity, and it will be profitable. The reply for Hayrl olsun is Teekkr ederim

Gle gle kullan / kullann: When someone buys a thing, such as a new clothes, shoes or a
car his friends say Gle gle kullan / kullann It indicates the speakers wish that use it with joy. Sometimes Hayrl olsun is said in such condition. The reply for both expressions is Teekkr ederim.

yi yolculuklar / Hayrl yolculuklar : Have a nice journey. yi tatiller : Have a nice holiday yi anlar : Good Luck yi elenceler : Have a nice time yi seneler / yllar, Mutlu seneler / yllar : Happy new year Doum / Ya gnnz kutlu olsun : Happy birthday Afiyet olsun : Bon Appetite Kolay gelsin: This is used when the speaker sees someone working, busy with something. It
can be a physical, or mental work. The expression indicates the speakers wish that whatever that person is doing at the moment, may be easy for him. The reply for Kolay gelsin is Teekkr ederim

Afedersiniz: Excuse me. Afederniz! stasyona nasl gidebilirim? Excuse me! How can I get
to the station?

zr dilerim: I am sorry. Sometimes Afedersiniz is used instead of zr dilerim. But

zr dilerim is more formal. And it sounds better in formal situations.

Bir ey deil, Rica ederim: You are wellcome used in reply to Teekkr ederim Aferin / Bravo : Welldone! Ways of saying Yes in Turkish: Evet : Yes in the sense of answering yes / no questions in English. Tamam : Yes , in the sense of O.K Peki : Yes , in the sense of All right, O.K and also If thats so then Oldu : Yes , in the sense of Thats good Ways of saying No in Turkish: Hayr : No in the sense of anwering yes / no questions in English. Olmaz : No in the sense of Thats not possible, I dont agree with you, That wont do Yok, Yo : informal saying of No Evet, efendim : Yes, sir or madam Hayr, efendim : No, sir or madam

Gemi olsun : Get well soon is used when a friend is ill or has had an accident. The reply
for Gemi olsun is Teekkr ederim.

Banz saolsun : My condolences The reply for Banz saolsun is Siz de saolun,
Dostlar saolsun.

ok yazk! / Ne yazk! : What a pity! ok zldm : Im sorry to hear that

The simple present form (aorist) of the verb 'to be'

The simple present tense of the verb to be' is formed by adding the personal endings -im, -sin, dir / -iz, -siniz, -dirler' to the noun-based words (= nouns, adjectives, pronouns etc.) : retmen-im, zengin-im, renci-sin, mutlu-y-uz, renci-siniz' etc.

CONJUGATION TABLE Interrogative Personal Pronouns Ben / I Sen / You O / He/She/It Biz / We Siz / You Onlar / They Personal Endings -im -sin -dir -iz -siniz -dirler Affirmative retmen-im retmen-sin retmen-dir retmen-iz retmen-siniz retmen-dirler Negative ...deil-im ...deil-sin ...deil-dir ...deil-iz ...deil-siniz ...deil-dir-ler ...deil-ler retmen mi-y-im retmen mi-sin retmen mi-dir retmen mi-y-iz retmen mi-siniz retmen mi-dir-ler Negative Interrogative ...deil mi-y-im ...deil mi-sin ...deil mi-dir ...deil mi-y-iz ...deil mi-siniz ...deil mi-dir-ler ...deil ler-mi

The personal endings are unstressed, so the stress usually falls on the preceding syllable: retmenim, renciyiz, doktorsun If one of the demonstrative adjectives bu', u' and o' precedes any plural noun. They do not themselves take plural suffixes in such cases as in the examples below: Bu tkenmez kalemler krmz(dr). u ayakkablar ok gzel(dir). O adamlar polis(tir).

Omission of third persons -dir' and -dirler' personal endings

Especially in spoken Turkish the third person suffixes -dir' and -dirler' are usually omitted: Bu kitap ok kaln(dr). Bu tkenmez kalemler krmz(dr). Meltem ve Esra retmen(dirler). Mehmet ok neeli bir ocuk(tur). Onlar ngiliz(dirler). However, when giving information in a rather formal way as opposed to making a mere personal observation -dir' and -dirler' are used: stanbul tarihi bir ehirdir. Sezen Aksu nl bir arkcdr. Trkiye'nin bakenti Ankara'dr. Trkiye'nin ilk cumhurbakan Atatrk'tr. ngiltere bir ada lkesidir. Ay Dnya'nn uydusudur. in Dnya'nn en kalabalk lkesidir. The ending -dir' can be added to other persons other than the third person singular. It conveys the sense of 'certainty', 'probablity' or 'posibility': O adamlar polistir. (the speaker guesses the men in question might be undercover policemen as they aren't in the uniforms.)

Omission of personal pronouns

As the grammatical person is clearly indicated by the personal ending on the verb, personal pronouns are usually omitted. If, however, there is a need to emphasize the person personal pronouns may be used: (Ben) retmenim. (Siz) rencisiniz. (Biz) Trkz. (O) sekreter. Onlar sekreter. Note that when third persons -dir' and -dirler' drop the third person plural pronoun onlar'never drops. Since neither third singular person pronoun O' nor the third plural person pronounOnlar' has no a personal ending in such a case it isn't clear whether the speaker means O' orOnlar'.

In plural persons Biz, Siz, Onlar' the noun following them is always singular as these personal pronouns have the plural quality: Biz niversite renciyiz. Siz ayn hukuk brosunda m avukatsnz? Onlar bir balk restorannda garson(durlar).

The distinction between sen' and siz'

Both sen' and siz' may be used when addressing the second singular person. Sen' is informal and used when addressing a close friend or family members. Siz' is formal and used when addressing anyone with whom there is formality. And also siz' is used as a sign of respect for the addressed person. The person whom the speaker addresses siz' doesn't necessarily address the speaker siz'. It may as well be the other way round. For example: The teacher addresses a student sen'. But the student always addresses the teacher siz'.

NEGATIVE FORM
To form the negative of the simple present tense of the verb to be' the word deil' is placed after the word it negates and the appropriate personal endings are added to deil': Ben retmen deilim. Asl mutlu deil. Onlar burada deiller. Trkiye'nin bakenti stanbul deildir. Bugn hava souk deil. The stress falls on deil': Ben retmen deilim. Deil' without a personal ending negates the previous word: Mehmet retmen deil, mimar.. Yasemin evde deil, okulda. O zayf deil, iman. Biz Ankara'l deil, zmir'liyiz. Bu kalem krmz deil, mavi. Trkiye'nin bakenti stanbul deil, Ankara'dr.

INTERROGATIVE FORM
In the interrogative form the personal endings are usually added to the interrogative particle -mi' which is written separately from the preceding word:

Mutlu musun? Siz doktor musunuz? Ben ksa boylu muyum? Evde misiniz? Onlar retmen mi(dirler)? Pay attention to vowel harmonization of the ending with the receiving word. The stress falls on the syllable before the interrogative particle: retmen misin?

NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
The negative interrogative form of the verb to be' is made with deil mi': Sen retmen deil misin? Ahmet odasnda deil mi? Bugn cuma deil mi? Mutlu deil misin? The stres falls on deil': Sen retmen deil misin?

The definite past tense form of the verb to be'

The past tense of the verb to be' is formed by adding the past tense suffix -di (idi)' to the nounbased words: yalnz-d, okulda-y-d, gzel-di, scak-t, kapal-y-d' etc.

CONJUGATION TABLE Interrogative Personal Pronouns Ben Sen O Biz Siz Onlar Personal Endings -m -n -k -niz -ler Affirmative yalnz-d-m yalnz-d-n yalnz-d yalnz-d-k yalnz-d-nz yalnz-dl-ar yalnz-lar-d Negative ...deil-di-m ...deil-di-n ...deil-di ...deil-di-k ...deil-di-niz ...deil-di-ler ...deil-ler-di yalnz m-y-d-m yalnz m-y-d-n yalnz m-y-d yalnz m-y-d-k yalnz m-y-d-nz yalnz m-y-d-lar yalnz-lar-m-y-d ...deil mi-y-di-m ...deil mi-y-di-n ...deil mi-y-di ...deil mi-y-di-k ...deil mi-y-di-niz ...deil mi-y-di-ler ...deiller-mi-y-di Negative Interrogative

The indefinite past tense form of the verb to be'

The indefinite past tense of the verb to be' is formed by adding the tense suffix -mi' (-m, -m, -mu) to noun-based words: gzel-mi, hasta-y-m, evde-y-mi, , scakm'etc.

CONJUGATION TABLE Interrogative Personal Personal Affirmative Pronouns Endings Ben -im gzel-mi-im Sen -sin gzel-mi-sin O gzel-mi Biz -iz gzel-mi-iz Siz -siniz gzel-mi-siniz Onlar -ler gzel-mi-ler gzel-ler-mi Negative ...deil-mi-im ...deil-mi-sin ...deil-mi ...deil-mi-siz ...deil-mi-siniz ...deil-mi-ler ...deil-ler-mi gzel mi-y-mi-im gzel mi-y-mi-sin gzel mi-y-mi gzel mi-y-mi-iz gzel mi-y-misiniz gzel mi-y-mi-ler gzel-ler mi-y-mi ...deil mi-y-mi-im ...deil mi-y-mi-sin ...deil mi-y-mi ...deil mi-y-mi-siz ...deil mi-y-mi-siniz ...deil mi-y-mi-ler ...deil-ler mi-y-mi
suffix -

Negative Interrogative

The suffix -mi' with third person plural can be added either before the personal ler' or after the suffix: gzelmiler / gzellermi

USE
The indefinite past tense of the verb to be' is:

A used to indicate that the speaker is reporting hearsay information which is true for the past:
Hakan : Dn snfta yoktun. Neredeydin? Sinem : Hastaydm. An hour later Hakan : Sinem dn hastaym. Damla : Bugn snfta m? Hakan : Evet. A: Dn akam evde deilmisin. (Your brother told me that.') B: Hayr deildim. Asl'nn doum gn partisindeydim.

Bu Ahmet'in eski arabasym. (ie, The speaker might have been told by Ahmet or someone else it was Ahmet's sometime in the past - but it's no longer his.) Hava geen hafta sonu stanbul'da ok scakm. (My brother in stanbul told me that on the phone.')

B used to report inferred information which is true for the past or started sometime in the past and continues to the present. It covers the past as well as the present:
retmen : Sinem nerede? renci : Hastaym. (= Her illness started sometime in the past and she's still ill.) ouklar bir saattir parktalarm. (= They went to the park an hour ago - and they are still in the park.) A: Hastaymsn. (Your sister told me that at school today') B: Evet. Ateim var. (I had a cold last night.') Suzan evde yalnzm. Hava zmir'de yamurluymu. Ahmet Ankara'daym.

C used to say what you have just found (out), noticed or learned something new that you didn't until at the moment of speaking:
Yzm banyo aynasnn nndeymi. (I searched everywhere for my ring. I found that in front of the bathroom mirror in the end.') Hava ok scakm. (implies that the speaker has just went out and noticed the weather is very hot.) Franszca ok zormu. (I have been learning French for some time. I find it very difficult') Franszca zor deilmi. (implies that the speaker was either told or thought French is difficult, but after starting to learn it he finds himself that it isn't difficult or, he merely express his opinion as it is in the preceding sentence.) Selin'le Seden kardelermi. (I didn't know it. I have just learned it')

The definite past tense

FORMATION
The di'li gemi zaman' of the verb is formed by adding the tense suffix -d' (-di, -du, -d / -t, ti, -tu, -t) to the verb base : anla-d, gel-di, ara-d, al-t, hazrla-d' etc The affirmative verb is formed in three steps as follows: STEP 1: Remove -mek / -mak' from the infinitive form of the verb: infinitive: anlamak anla STEP 2: Add the tense suffix -d' (-di, -du, -d / -t, -ti, -tu, -t): anla anla-d STEP 3: Add appropriate personal endings (-m, -n, - / -k, -niz, -ler): anla-d-m, anla-d-n, anla-d / anla-d-k, anla-d-nz, anla-d-lar As you can see these personal endings are the same as for the past tense of the verb to be' with the exception of no buffer letter.

NEGATIVE FORM
The negative verb is formed by following the steps below: STEP 1: Remove -mek / -mak' from the infinitive form of the verb: infinitive: anlamak anla STEP 2. Add the negative particle -me / -ma': anla anla-ma STEP 3: Add the tense suffix -d' (-di, -du, -d / -t, -ti, -tu, -t): anla-ma anla-ma-d STEP 4: Add appropriate personal endings (-m, -n, - / -k, -niz, -ler):

anla-ma-d-m, anla-ma-d-n, anla-ma-d / anla-ma-d-k, anla-ma-d-nz, anla-ma-d-lar The stres falls strongly on the syllable before the negative ending: anlamadm

INTERROGATIVE FORM
The interrogative verb is formed by adding the interrogative particle -mi' (-m, -m, -mu) to the affirmative verb separately. Unlike in all the other tenses, the personal endings in the interrogative and negative interrogative forms precede the interrogative particle -mi': anla-d-m m, anla-d-n m, anla-d m / anla-d-k m, anla-d-nz m, anla-d-lar m The stress falls on the preceding syllable: anladn m

NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE FORM

The negative interrogative verb is formed by adding the interrogative particle -mi' (-m, -m, mu) to the negative verb - the way it is added to affirmative verb to form the interrogative verb: anla-ma-d-m m, anla-ma-d-n m, anla-ma-d m / anla-ma-d-k m, anla-ma-d-nz m, anlama-d-lar m

CONJUGATION TABLE Interrogative Personal Pronouns Ben Sen O Biz Siz Onlar Personal Endings -m -n -k -niz -ler Affirmative anla-d-m anla-d-n anla-d anla-d-k anla-d-nz anla-d-lar Negative anla-ma-d-m anla-ma-d-n anla-ma-d anla-ma-d-k anla-ma-d-nz anla-ma-d-lar anla-d-m m anla-d-n m anla-d m anla-d-k m anla-d-nz m anla-d-lar m Negative Interrogative anla-ma-d-m m anla-ma-d-n m anla-ma-d m anla-ma-d-k m anla-ma-d-nz m anla-ma-d-lar m

USE
Most common time expressions used with the di'li gemi zaman' are as follows: dn : yesterday dn (sabah, leden sonra, akam,) : yesterday (morning, afternoon, evening) dn gece : last night geen (sal..., hafta, ay, eyll..., yaz..., sene [= yl] ) : last (Tuesday..., week, month, September..., summer..., year) geen (gn, sabah, leden sonra, akam, gece) : the other (day, afternoon, evening, night) geenlerde : lately, recently geen defa (= sefer) : last time (in the sense of the previous time) (iki) saat, gn, hafta, ay, yl nce (= evvel) : (two) days, weeks, hours, years ago ok nce : a long time ago biraz, az nce : a little while ago (birka) dakika, saat, gn, ay, yl nce : (a few) minutes, hours, days, years ago nceki (evvelki) gn : the day before yesterday The di'li' gemi zaman' is:

A used to relate past events either fulfilled or witnessed by the narrator:

Sabah saat 7:00 de kalktm. Babam yarm saat nce yatt. Ali bugn okula gelmedi. Dn gece Aye'nin doun gn partisine gittik. Kz kardeim Zeynep geen yaz evlendi. Osman evden biraz nce kt.

B used to relate past events known to the narrator through his education:
Ampul Edison buldu. stanbul'u Fatih Sultan Mehmet fethetti. II. Dnya sava 1939'da balad. Atatrk 10 Kasm 1938'de ld.

C used instead of the gelecek zaman' in order to assure the one whom we address on the action to be done in a short time or, to sound persuasive:
A woman making up in the bathroom for a party may reply his husband calling her at the door

Ge kalyoruz, acele et!' as geldim!'. (the woman implies that I have almost finished it. Don't be impatient. I am coming.'). Anyone working on a work may also reply the question, ini ne zaman bitireceksin' as bitti'. (It is meant by the word bitti' that it's almost finished, or is going to finish in seconds). Note that The di'li gemi zaman' covers the English simple past tense as well as the present perfect tense (which is used for past actions whose time is not given and not definite. And also used for actions which occur further back in the past, provided the connection with the present is still maintained, that is, the action could be repeated in the present). I have done my homework.' and I did my homework.' are both translated into Turkish as Ev devimi yaptm.' Or, We have seen some foxes in the forest.' as Ormanda birka tane tilki grdk.' Actions which have only just finished expressed by either the present perfect simple or the present perfect continuous (in English) are expressed in Turkish by the di'li gemi zaman' as well. It can be used with imdi', yeni', biraz / az nce', henz' (Apart from henz', other words aren't normally used in the negative.) zr dilerim, ge kaldm. ok bekledin mi? (I am sorry I am late. Have you been waiting long?) Akam yemeini henz yemedik. (We haven't eaten dinner yet.) Biraz nce kalktm. (I have just got up.) Film henz balad. (The film has just started.) Annem evden imdi kt. (My mother has just left home.) Ev devini henz bitirmedin mi? (Haven't you finished your homework yet?)

Present continuous tense

FORMATION
The imdiki zaman' of the verb is formed by adding the tense suffix -iyor' (-yor, -yor, -uyor) to the verb base: ver-iyor, al-yor, gel-iyor, otur-uyor, gtr-yor' etc. The affirmative verb is formed in three steps as follows: STEP 1. Remove the -mek / -mak' from the infinitive form of the verb: infinitive: vermek ver

STEP 2. Add the tense suffix -iyor': ver ver-iyor If the resultant base ends in a vowel remove it before adding the tense suffix; in affirmative verb (including interrogative verb), the wovel at the end drops, because the tense suffix -iyor' starts with a wovel:

infinitive:

beklemek bekle yrmek yr yemek ye demek de

bekl yr y d

bekl-iyor yr-yor y-iyor d-iyor

STEP 3. Add the appropriate personal ending (-um, -sun, - / -uz, -sunuz, -lar): ver-iyor-um, ver-iyor-sun, ver-iyor / ver-iyor-uz, ver-iyor-sunuz, ver-iyor-lar As you can see these personal endings are the same as the present tense to be' endings. The stress falls lightly on the syllable before the tense suffix: veriyorum

NOTE:
The following verbs ending in the hard consonant t' changes to its respective soft consonant d'before the tense suffix -iyor' is added: gitmek etmek tatmak gtmek git et tat gt gidiyor ediyor tatyor gdyor

Note that this rule doesn't apply to all verbs ending in a hard consonant t'. For example: yatmak yat yatyor kapatmak kapat kapatyor yrtmek yrt yrtyor As shown above, the -yor' part of the tense suffix is not subject to vowel harmony; it is always -yor'. NEGATIVE VERB FORM The negative verb is formed from the negative infinitive by following the steps below:

STEP 1. Remove -mek / -mak' from the negative infinitive form of the verb: negative infinitive: vermemek verme STEP 2. Remove the final vowel ( the wovel e' [a, , u]) in the negative particle -me'(-ma, m, mu) drops before adding the tense suffix -iyor'. (This rule applies to the imdiki zaman' only): verme verm STEP 3. Add tense suffix -iyor': verm verm-iyor STEP 4. Add appropriate personal ending (-um, -sun, - / -uz, -sunuz, -lar): verm-iyor-um, verm-iyor-sun, verm-iyor / verm-iyor-uz, verm-iyor-sunuz, verm-iyor-lar The stress falls on the syllable before the negative suffix: vermiyorum Note that the rule in the step two doesn't apply in forming negative forms of the other tenses. INTERROGATIVE VERB FORM The interrogative verb formed from the affirmative verb by following the steps below: STEP 1. Add the interrogative particle -mi' (the wovel in the -mi' - except for the third person plural - is always u' to harmonize with the wovel o' in the -yor'.) to the affirmative verb (the interrogative particle -mi' is written separately from the verb.): affirmative verb: veriyor veriyor mu STEP 2. Add appropriate personal ending (-um, -sun, - / -uz, -sunuz, -lar): veriyor muyum, veriyor musun, veriyor mu / veriyor muyuz, veriyor musunuz, veriyorlar m ( ie, the wovel in the interrogative particle -mi' changes to ' in the third person plural to harmonize with the preceding wovel a' ) The stress falls on the syllable before the interrogative particle: veriyor musun NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE VERB FORM The negative interrogative verb is formed by adding the interrogative particle -mi' (-m, -m, mu) to the negative verb - the way it is added to affirmative verb to form the interrogative verb:

vermiyor mu-y-um, vermiyor mu-sun, vermiyor mu / vermiyor mu-y-uz, vermiyor mu-sunuz, vermiyorlar m The syllable before the negative suffix is heavily stressed: vermiyor musun Note that in the interrogative and negative interrogative forms the personal endings (except for the third person plural) are attached not to the tense suffix but to the interrogative particle '-mi'. The buffer letter y' is required before the first person endings (-y-um, -, - / -y-uz, - -).

CONJUGATION TABLE

Interrogative Personal Pronouns Ben Sen O Biz Siz Onlar Personal Endings -um -sun -uz -sunuz -lar Affirmative ver-iyor-um ver-iyor-sun ver-iyor ver-iyor-uz ver-iyor-sunuz ver-iyor-lar Negative ver-mi-yor-um ver-mi-yor-sun ver-mi-yor ver-mi-yor-uz ver-mi-yor-sunuz ver-mi-yor-lar ver-iyor mu-y-um ver-iyor mu-sun ver-iyor mu ver-iyor mu-y-uz ver-iyor mu-sunuz ver-iyor-lar m

Negative Interrogative

ver-mi-yor mu-y-um ver-mi-yor mu-sun ver-mi-yor mu ver-mi-yor mu-y-uz ver-mi-yor mu-sunuz ver-mi-yor-lar m

USE The imdiki zaman' used: A for an action happening now: A: Ahmet ne yapyor? B: Ev devini yapyor. Televizyon seyrediyorum. Yamur yayor. Biz sinemaya gidiyoruz. ocuklar uyuyorlar. B for an action happening about this time but not necessarily at the moment of speaking: Trke reniyor. (He may not be doing at the moment of speaking.) Dans dersleri alyorlar. (They may not be doing at the moment of speaking either.) Spor salonuna gidiyorum.

C for a definite arrangement in the future; The time of the action is always mentioned, as otherwise there might be confusion between present and future meaning: Yarn hastaneye gidiyoruz. Gelecek cuma evleniyorlar. ki gn sonra stanbul'a dnyorum. Akam Ahmet bize geliyor. Hafta sonu ne yapyorsun? Kardeimle sinemaya gidiyoruz. Akam Ali de partiye geliyor mu? Hayr, gelmiyor. The reason for using the imdiki zaman' instead of the gelecek zaman' in the sentences above is that the actions have been arranged. If there have merely been expressions of intentions we use the gelecek zaman'. The use of the imdiki zaman' in such situations is to strengthen and make the action definite. The use of the gelecek zaman' in the sentences above would not be wrong nevertheless. D to indicate an established state of affairs: Sabahlar saat 7:00'de kalkyorum. e otobsle gidiyor. Akam yemeini saat 7:30'da yiyoruz. We can also use the geni zaman' instead of the imdiki zaman' in the sentences above. However, there is a slight difference between the expressions: Sabahlar saat 7:00'de kalkyorum.' and Sabahlar erken kalkarm.'. The former implies that I have recently made a habit of getting up at 7:00 in the mornings. On the other hand the latter implies that I have made that habit for a long time. That's, the latter use is broader than the former one in the scope of the aorist tense. E in sentences indicating that action began at a stated previous time and is still continuing: 1990'dan beri stanbul'da yayorum / oturuyorum. ki haftadr Trke reniyorsunuz. ki gndr yamur yayor. Ahmet'i be yldr tanyoruz. Geen cumartesiden beri snava alyorum. Such sentences expressed with the present perfect and the present perfect continuous tense in English are translated into Turkish in the imdiki zaman'. The tranlations of the sentences above into English would be:

I have been living in stanbul since 1990. You have been learning Turkish for two weeks. It has been raining for two days. We have known Ahmet for five years. I have been studying for the exam since last Saturday. As you can see the prepositions for and since are translated into Turkish as the suffixes respectively-dir'(-dr, -dr, -dur) and -den (-dan) beri' which are attacted to the time expressions. F instead of the geni zaman' Her sene trafik kazalarnda yzlerce insan lyor. Her sene Antalya'ya birka milyon yabanc turist geliyor. Kn Erzurum'a ok kar yayor. Benim arabamn deposu yirmi litre benzin alyor. Gne doudan douyor, batdan batyor. By and large the point of view or approach of the speaker determines the use of the imdiki zaman' instead of the geni zaman'; the expressions, Kn Erzurum'a ok kar yayor.' and Kn Erzurum'a ok kar yaar.' don't give the same meaning precisely. The approach of the speaker in the first one is subjective. Someone who lives in Erzurum or has been to Erzurum in winter before says the sentence in the imdiki zaman' (Kn Erzurum'a ok kar yayor). On the other hand someone who doesn't live in Erzurum or hasn't been there before says the sentence in the geni zaman' (Kn Erzurum'a ok kar yaar). His approach is objective. He makes that statement depending on his knowledge about the region's weather in winter, not on his own experience. Verbs usually used in the present continuous tense In English, some verbs aren't normally used in the present continuous tense (including other continuous tenses); the continuous tenses are normally used only for deliberate actions. But in Turkish, those verbs are used in the present continuous tense. They indicate either the present continuous or the simple present tense depending on the context. (They are used in the simple present tense too.) The following most common verbs that aren't normally used in the simple present tense (in English) are mostly used in the present continuous tense in Turkish: istemek (to want): Ne yemek istiyorsun? skender. (imdi) ocuklar nereye gitmek istiyorlar? Parka gitmek istiyorlar. (imdi) Her zaman pahal eyler almak istiyorsun. (her zaman)

Sibel, her akam dar kmak istiyor. (her zaman) Cumartesi gnleri almak istemiyoruz. (her zaman) duymak, iitmek (to hear): Beni duyuyor musun? Evet, seni duyuyorum. (imdi) Telefon alyor. Duymuyor musun? (imdi) Baheden bir ses geliyor. Duyuyor musun? (imdi) Anneannem ok yal, ama her eyi ok iyi duyuyor. (her zaman) grmek (to see): Sokan karsndaki krmz arabay gryor musun? (imdi) Ben bahede kimseyi grmyorum. (imdi) Her sabah bu kadn otubs duranda gryorum. (her zaman) kokmak (to smell [to have a particular smell]): ok gzel kokuyorsun? (imdi) Parfmnn ad ne? Buras yank kokuyor. (imdi) Vazodaki gller ok gzel kokuyor. (imdi) koku almak (to smell [to notice or recognize a particular smell]): Sen de yank kokusu alyor musun? Hayr. Nezleyim, burnum koku almyor. (imdi) ok gzel kahve kokusu alyorum. (imdi) sevmek (to love / to like): Trk yemeklerini seviyor musun? (her zaman) Dondurmay ok seviyorum. (her zaman) Seni seviyorum. (her zaman) Zeynep elmay ok seviyor. (her zaman) Bo vakitlerinizde ne yapmay seviyorsunuz? (her zaman) nefret etmek (to hate): Bilim kurgu filmlerinden nefret ediyorum. (her zaman) Anl k aylarndan nefret ediyor. (her zaman) O, benden nefret ediyor. (her zaman) Benimle konumak istemiyor. inanmak (to believe):

Sen fala inanyor musun? (her zaman) Sana inanmyorum. (imdi) Allah'a inanyoruz. (her zaman) Doru sylyorsun. Sana inanyoruz. (imdi) anlamak (to understand): ok hzl konuuyorsun. Seni anlamyorum. (imdi) Trke arklarn szlerini anlyor musun? (her zaman) Anne ve babam beni hi anlamyorlar. (her zaman) bilmek (to know [to have information about something]): Asl'nn telefon numarasn biliyor musun? (imdi) O Almanca biliyor mu? (her zaman) Annen senin burada olduunu biliyor mu? (imdi) Senin adn bilmiyorum. (imdi) hatrlamak (to remember): Benim adm hatrlyor musunuz? (imdi) Mustafa'nn telefonu numarasn hatrlamyorum. (imdi) Otelin adn hatrlamyor. (imdi) oturmak (to live [in a place]): Nerede oturuyorsunuz? Maltepe'de otuyorum. (her zaman) Arkadanz bu sokakta m oturuyor? (her zaman) Onlar ikinci katta oturyorlar. (her zaman) Ablam zmir'de oturuyor. (her zaman) tanmak (to know [to be familiar with a person]): Fotoraftaki kadn tanyor musun? (her zaman) u krmz apkal adam tanyor musunuz? (her zaman) Onlar tanyorum. (her zaman) Seni tanyorlar m? (her zaman) unutmak (to forget): Ben isimleri abuk unutuyorum. (her zaman) Her zaman her eyi unutuyorsun. (her zaman)

Other uses of the imdiki zaman' A It can be used instead of the di'li gemi zaman' in an informal account of an event, dream etc. in order to give vividness to the meaning and is used when trying to remember or imagine past expriences: Sabah park yerine gidiyorum, bakyorum, arabam yerinde gremiyorum, hemen polisiaryorum (= gittim, baktm, gremedim, aradm)... Tekrar ediyorum, ediyorum, bir trl anlamyor (= ettim, ettim, anlamad). Dn gece ryamda kendimi ok yksek bir dan zirvesinde gryorum, elimi bulutlarauzatyorum, elimden bir el tutuyor ve beni yukar ekiyor (= grdm, uzattm, tuttu, ekti). ki yl kadar oluyor (=oldu), bir gece... B It can be used instead of the mi'li gemi zaman' in indicating a hearsay account of event, dream etc: Aye okula gitmek iin evden kyor, yolda Zeynep ile karlayor, okula gitmiyorlar, sinemaya gidiyorlar (= km, karlam, gitmemiler, gitmiler). Atatrk, Yurtta sulh, cihanda sulh' diyor (= demi). Bodrum'da tanyorlar ve iki ay sonra da evleniyorlar (= tanmlar, evlenmiler). Ryasnda denizde bouldunu gryor ve o gnden sonra bir daha hi denize girmiyor (= grm, girmemi).

C It can be used in giving a formal account of a novel, play or other work of art: Ahmet, nereye gideceini bilmeden kyor evden sabah erkenden... D It can be used in telling jokes ( other than traditional jokes such as Nasreddin Hoca stories, for which the aorist tense is always used): Bir gn Temel, Dursun'a bala ckalm diyor... Bir laz, bir ngiliz, bir de Fransz birlikte uak yolcuu yapyorlar... E It can be used to give orders:

(Anne kzna): Odana gidiyorsun ve ev devlerini yapyorsun (= git, yap). Odana gidiryorsun ve ben arana kadar da gelmiyormusun (= git, gelme). ocuklar, konumuyorsunuz, altrmalar yapyorsunuz (= konumayn, yapn). The speaker would like to have his order done as soon as he gives the order as it is in the first sentence above. Sometimes the speaker may give his order in the imdiki zaman', not in the imperative mood to sound polite or not to sound as if he was not giving an order, but making a request as it is in the sentence: Srayla bir adm ne kyorsunuz ve isimlerinizi sylyorsunuz.' Actually giving orders in the imperative mood isn't an impolite way of giving orders depending on the relationship with the person whom we address. And also we can finish our orders in the imperative mood with the magical word ltfen'. The suffix -dir' at the end gives the meaning of probability or possibility to the action: Murat imdi uyuyordur. Selin'in nerede olduunu bilmiyorlardr. Bana ok kzyorsundur. The suffixes-mekte'(-makta), -mede'(-mada) forming present continuous tense It is formed by adding locative case ending -de' (-da) to the infinitive form of the verb: Infinitive: gitmek gitmekte gitmekte (+ appropriate personal ending) The use of the suffix -mede' (-mada) is rare. The action in the the present continuous tense formed with these suffixes has definitely began and is still continuing. We can explain the reason for the action has definitely began through the locative case suffix -de' (-da). As this form refers only to the actual present, not to the future. Its use is more restricted than the -iyor' form; although we can say Yarn geliyorum.', we can't say Yarn gelmekteyim.' The -mekte' form is used in written language only. Its use in spoken language is rare. The suffix -dir' is generally added to the end.

Cumhurbakanmz Almanya'y ziyaret etmektedir. Uak piste ani ini yapmakta. Rzgar kuzeyden ok sert esmektedir. Dnya'da Trkeyi renenlerin says gnden gne artmaktadr. Temiz su kaynaklarmz tkenmektedir.

Kresel snma buzullarn erimesine neden olmaktadr. Firmamzn d ticaret blmne ok iyi derecede ngilizce bilen elaman aranmaktadr. Other uses of -mekte' form It is used instead of the gemi zaman': Geen yzylda insanolunun Ay'a ilk ayak basna ahit olmaktayz.

The indefinite past tense

FORMATION
The mi'li gemi zaman' of the verb is formed by adding the tense suffix -mi' (-m, -m, mu) to the verb base: anla-m, gel-mi, ara-m, al-m, hazrla-m' etc. The affirmative verb is formed in three steps as follows: STEP 1: Remove -mek / -mak' from the infinitive form of the verb: infinitive: anlamak anla STEP 2: Add the tense suffix -mi' (-m, -m, -mu): anla anla-m STEP 3: Add appropriate personal endings (-im, -sin, - / -iz, -siniz, -ler): anla-m-m, anla-m-sn, anla-m / anla-m-z, anla-m-snz, anla-m-lar

NEGATIVE FORM
The negative verb is formed in four steps as follows: STEP 1: Remove -mek / -mak' from the infinitive form of the verb: infinitive: anlamak anla STEP 2. Add the negative particle -me / -ma':

anla anla-ma STEP 3: Add the tense suffix -mi' (-m, -m, -mu): anla-ma anla-ma-m STEP 4: Add appropriate personal endings (-im, -sin, - / -iz, -siniz, -ler): anla-ma-m-m, anla-ma-m-sn, anla-ma-m / anla-ma-m-z, anla-ma-m-snz, anla-mam-lar The stres falls strongly on the syllable before the negative ending: anlamam

INTERROGATIVE FORM
The interrogative verb is formed by adding the interrogative particle -mi'(-m, -m, -mu) to the affirmative verb separately. anla-m m-y-m, anla-m m-sn, anla-m m / anla-m m-y-z, anla-m m-snz, anla-mlar m The stress falls on the preceding syllable: anlam m

NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE FORM

The negative interrogative verb is formed by adding the interrogative particle -mi' (-m, -m, mu) to the negative verb - the way it is added to affirmative verb to form the interrogative verb: anla-ma-m m-y-m, anla-ma-m m-sn, anla-ma-m m / anla-ma-m m-y-z, anla-mam m-snz, anla-ma-m-lar m Note that in the interrogative and negative interrogative forms the personal endings (except for the third person plural) are attached not to the tense suffix but to the interrogative particle -mi'. The buffer letter y' is required before the first person endings (-y-im, -, - / -y-iz, -, -).

CONJUGATION TABLE Interrogative Personal Forms Ben Sen Personal Endings -im -sin Affirmative anla-m-m anla-m-sn Negative anla-ma-m-m anla-ma-m-sn anla-m m-y-m anla-m m-sn anla-ma-m m-y-m anla-ma-m m-sn Negative Interrogative

O Biz Siz Onlar

-iz -siniz -ler

anla-m anla-m-z anla-m-snz anla-m-lar

anla-ma-m anla-ma-m-z anla-ma-m-snz anla-ma-m-lar

anla-m m anla-m m-y-z anla-m m-snz anla-m-lar m

anla-ma-m m anla-ma-m m-y-z anla-ma-m m-snz anla-ma-m-lar m

USE
Note that the time expressions used for the di'li gemi zaman' are also used for the mi'li gemi zaman'. The mi'li' gemi zaman is:

A used to indicate that the speaker is reporting hearsay information or acount of events; the actions haven't been either fulfilled or witnessed by the speaker:
A: Ali bugn okula geldi mi? B: Hayr, gelmedi. Hastaym. A: Neyi varm? B: Bilmiyorum. Annesiyle hastaneye gitmiler. A: Sana kim syledi. (ie, A asks B the question because he has already noticed that B was just reporting the information.) B: Sabah kz kardei Sibel syledi. Geen cumartesi Ali sinemaya gitmi. Kendisi syledi. Dn gece yars Samsun yolunda trafik kazas olmu. Bu sabah gazetede okudum. Babamla annem niversitede tanmlar, mezun olduktan sonra da evlenmiler. (ie, the speaker is reporting the account of how her parents met and got married.) Dn Mert akam eve gelince yemekten sonra ev devlerini yapmam, televizyon seyretmi sonra da ev devlerini yapmadan yatm. (ie, this is not a first-hand acount of what Mert did until he went to bed after he had come back home yesterday evening. The speaker didn't witnessed himself)

B used indicate that the speaker is reporting inferred information or what he notices or finds out just before the moment of speaking:
A: Cep telefonunu kullanabilir miyim? Benimkinin bataryas bitmi. (ie, the speaker finds that his mobile's battery is flat as he decides to use it.) B: Elbette, biraz bekler misin... Aaa! ofiste unutmusum. (ie, the speaker finds that he forgot his mobile in the office when he inserted his hand, may be, inside his pocket or hand bag.) (retmen rencisine): Ev devini yapmamsn. (implies that the teacher notices it while checking the student's homework.) Sular kesilmi. (implies that the speaker noticed that when he turned off the tap.) Seni ok zlemiim. (implies that the speaker realized how much he missed the person in question when he met her.) Su kaynam. (implies that the speaker notices it when he goes into the kitchen. The water boiled before the moment of his speaking and he wasn't in the kitchen when the water had started boiling. Otherwise he would have said Su kaynad.' or, Su kaynyor.'

C used with first person singular or plural forms to convey an attitude of patronising, superiority or boasting on the part of speaker. The function of -mi' in this sense can be easily seen within the context:
En zor sorular bilmiim!.. Bu kolay soruyu mu bilemiyeceim. Btn rakiplerimi ilk raunda ringe sermiim!.. Biz u ana kadar kimseye hakkmz yedirmemiiz!.. Sizden de hakkmz almay biliriz.

D used to express your personal opinion on a completed action. The verb olmak' is usually used:
San gzel olmu. Yemekler ok gzel olmu. Kahve ok biraz koyu olmu. Makyajn abartl olmu. Yemek iyi pimemi. With interrogative forms the opinion of the addressed person is asked: A: Sam gzel olmu mu? / am nasl olmu? B: Evet. Gzel olmu. / Gzel (olmu).

E used to say that you don't consider anything likely while reporting it; you just express your

disbelief: Kadir bana borcunu deyecekmi. (implies that the speaker either considers it unlikely or not believes what he has been told. The speaker might have been told either by the Kadir (the debtor) himself or someone else speaking on behalf of the debtor.) Such an expression may be introduced by Gya' (It's as if) to emphasize disbelief: A: Kaan bugn ie ge geldi. B: Neden? A: Gya 8:15 vapurunu karm, bir sonraki vapuru beklemek zorunda kalm (= I don't believe what he said).

F used to express bewilderment or denial on the part of the speaker on being told or heard an expression in the mi'li gemi zaman':
A: Ali snavda birinci olmu. B: Birinci mi olmu? (implies his bewilderment as he didn't expect Ali to come first in the exam.) A: Aye'ye benden holandn sylemisin. (A is telling B what she has been told by Aye.) B: Kim? Ben mi sylemiim? (B is expressing his bewilderment implying that he didn't told her such a thing.)

Other uses of the "mi'li" gemi zaman A Adding the suffix -dir' to the third person singular and plural forms implies probablity, certainty or hope. It is usually used an adverb or exclamation to emphasize the probablity, certainty or hope:
stanbul'a oktan varmlardr. (implies certainty') Toplant bitmitir. Gidebilirsiniz. (implies certainty') Antalya'ya herhalde gitmisindir. (implies probablity') Saat gece yarsa geliyor. Ali oktan yatmtr. (implies certainty') nallah kitabm geri getirmisindir. (implies hope')

B Repeating what we have been told in the -mi'li gemi zaman' implies that we don't believe what we have been told:
A: Dn seni aramay unuttum. B: (Dn beni aramay) unutmu!.. A: Seni ok seviyorum. B: ok seviyormu!.. Seven insan byle mi yapar?

C Instead of the di'li gemi zaman'; the speaker, generally the first person, expresses the action he has fulfilled in the mi'li gemi zaman' in order to emphasize the fulfillment of action. The suffix -dir' is usually added to the end to give the sense of certainty':
Dedemi salnda her bayramda ziyaret etmiimdir (= ettim). Onu terk etmeyi dndm ok anlar olmutur (= oldu) . Genliimde babamdan hayata dair ok ey renmiimdir (= rendim). A: Benim iin tembel demisin. B: Demiimdir (= dedim). Ne olacak?

The future tense

FORMATION The gelecek zaman' of the verb is formed by adding the tense suffix -ecek / -acak' to the verb base: gel-ecek, yap-acak, oku-y-acak, bil-ecek, gid-ecek' etc.
The affirmative verb is formed in three steps as follows: STEP 1: Remove -mek / -mak' from the infinitive form of the verb: infinitive: gelmek gel STEP 2: Add the tense suffix -ecek / -acak': gel gel-ecek If the verb base ends with a wovel the buffer letter y' is inserted between: oku oku-y-acak dinle dinle-y-ecek anla anla-y-acak

STEP 3: Add the appropriate personal ending which is the same as the present tense to be' endings(-im, -sin, - / -iz, -siniz, -ler). As the first person personal endings, -im' and -iz' begin with a vowel the final letter, k' of the tense suffix changes to ': gel-ece-im, gel-ecek-sin, gel-ecek / gel-ece-iz, gel-ecek-siniz, gel-ecek-ler The stress falls on the tense suffix -cek / -cak', but it falls on -ler / -lar' with third person plural: geleceksin, gelecekler.

Note that the gelecek zaman' of demek' is diyecek' and yemek' is yiyecek'. The negative forms are demeyecek' and yemeyecek'.

NEGATIVE FORM
The negative verb is formed by following the steps below: STEP 1: Remove -mek / -mak' from the infinitive form of the verb: infinitive: gelmek gel STEP 2. Add the negative particle -me / -ma': gel gel-me STEP 3: Add the tense suffix -ecek / -acak': gel-me gel-me-y-ecek (as the negative particle -me / -ma' ends with a wovel the buffer lettery' is inserted between) STEP 4: Add appropriate personal endings (-im, -sin, - / -iz, -siniz, -ler). As the first person personal endings start with a wovel the k' in the tense suffix changes to ': gel-me-y-ece-im, gel-me-y-ecek-sin, gel-me-y-ecek, gel-me-y-ece-iz, gel-me-y-ecek-ler The stres falls strongly on the syllable before the negative particle: gelmeyeceim

INTERROGATIVE FORM
The interrogative verb is formed by adding the interrogative particle -mi / -m' (They are always -mi / -m' as they harmonize with tense suffix -ecek / -acak'.) to the affirmative verb separately. As the first person personal endings, -im' and -iz' begin with a vowel the buffer letter y' is inserted between: gel-ecek mi-y-im gel-ecek mi-sin, gel-ecek mi / gel-ecek mi-y-iz, gel-ecek mi-siniz, gel-ecek-ler mi Tthe stress falls on the syllable before the interrogative particle: gelecek misin

NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE FORM

The negative interrogative verb is formed by adding the interrogative particle -mi / -m' to the negative verb - the way it is added to affirmative verb to form the interrogative verb:

gel-me-y-ecek mi-y-im gel-me-y-ecek mi-sin, gel-me-y-ecek mi / gel-me-y-ecek mi-y-iz, gel-mey-ecek mi-siniz, gel-me-y-ecek-ler mi The stress falls on the syllable before the negative particle: gelmeyecek misin

The gelecek zaman' form of var' and yok'

The gelecek zaman' form of var' is olacak'. As you can remember we can use var' in the sense of to have' and there is / are'. The below sentences are in the sense of to have': Zeynep'in bir bebei olacak. Hafta sonu yeni bir arabam olacak. Yeni evinizde kendi odan olacak m? And the below ones are in the sense of there is / are': Yarn partide ka kii olacak? The gelecek zaman' form of yok' is olmayacak': A: Yeni evinizde kendi odan olacak m? B: Olmayacak. The gelecek zaman' form of lzm' and gerekmek' The gelecek zaman' form of lzm' is lzm olacak': A: Szln dn alabilir miyim? B: Evet. Gelecek cumaya kadar bana lzm olmayacak. Hafta sonu bana bir araba lzm olacak. The gelecek zaman' form of 'gerekmek' is gerekecek': ki gn sonra Ankara'ya gitmem gerekecek. Akama Ali'nin gelmesi de gerekecek mi? Yarn ofise gelmen gerekmeyecek.

CONJUGATION TABLE Interrogative Personal Personal Pronouns Endings Affirmative Negative Negative Interrogative

Ben Sen O Biz Siz Onlar

-im -sin -iz -siniz -ler

gel-ece-im gel-ecek-sin gel-ecek gel-ece-iz gel-ecek-siniz gel-ecek-ler

gel-me-y-ece-im gel-ecek mi-y-im gel-me-y-ecek-sin gel-ecek mi-sin gel-me-y-ecek gel-ecek mi gel-me-y-ece-iz gel-ecek mi-y-iz gel-me-y-ece-siniz gel-ecek mi-siniz gel-me-y-ecek-ler gel-ecek-ler mi

gel-me-y-ecek mi-y-im gel-me-y-ecek mi-sin gel-me-y-ecek mi gel-me-y-ecek mi-y-iz gel-me-y-ecek mi-siniz gel-me-y-ecek-ler mi

USE
Most common time expressions used with the gelecek zaman' are as follows: yarn : tomorrow brs gn : the day after tomorrow (iki) saat, gn, hafta, ay, yl sonra : after (two) hours, days, weeks, years (... later) (birka) saat, gn, hafta, ay, yl sonra : after (a few) hours, days, months, years (... later) biraz (= az) sonra : a little later daha sonra : later (gelecek) sal..., hafta, ay, yl, k... : (next) Tuesday..., week, month, year, winter... (nmzdeki) sal..., hafta, ay, yl, k... : (next) Tuesday..., week, month, year, winter... yaknda : soon sabaha, leden sonraya, akama, geceye (These expressions are usually used within the current day) salya..., haftaya, hafta sonuna yaza..., seneye : (next) Tuesday..., week, weekend, summer..., year (the addition of a / -e gives the sense of gelecek')] The gelecek zaman' is:

A used to express a future action:

Yarn sabah hastaneye gideceim. Okullar nmzdeki pazartesi gn alacak.

Gelecek hafta sonu sinemaya gidecegiz. Seneye askere gideceim. Akama misafirlerimiz gelecek. Acele et! Tren dakika sonra hareket edecek.

B used for prediction and probable future. The time is usually not mentioned, but the action is expected to happen in the near future:
Gkyzn kara bulutlar kaplad. Yamur yaacak. Dn gece tmm. Sanrm hastalanacam. Sessiz ol! Bebek uyanacak. orba kaynyor. Birazdan taacak.

Other uses of the gelecek zaman' A The gelecek zaman' is used to give orders. It is used in this sense to force someone to do something without taking his wish into consideration or, without leaving him any choice. As the optative moods don't have direct indicative mood meanings, but an indirect future tense meaning, and as the indicative moods indicate actions having begun the process of fulfillment, the indicative moods are stronger than the optative moods. That's why the gelecek zaman' is usually used instead of the imperative mood.
Kesinlikle dar kmayacaksn (= don't go out by no means in any case). Saat 23:30 da evde olacaksn (= whether you wish it or not, be home at 23:30. You have no any other choice). Yarn herkes devini teslim edecek. Benim sylediim gibi yapacaksnz. Note that when consecutive verbs in a sentence have the same subject the personal ending is usually added only to the last verb. This applies to all tenses except the -di'li' gemi zaman'. (see word order) Ev devini yapacak ve yatacaksn. Buraya gelecek ve benden zr dileyecekler.

B used instead of the mi'li gemi zaman' in order to add vividness to the narration of an incident or events in the history:
Fatih Sultan Mehmet, gemileri karadan yrtecek (= yrtm) ve Hali'e indirecektir (= indirmitir).

C used instead of impersonal use of the -meli / -mal':

A: Size birisi bu notu brakt. B: Mehmet olacak (= olmal). Henz ie gelmediine gre servis otobsn karm olacak (= olmal).