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Severalprofessionalcommunicationresearchershaveencouragedtheuseof narratives(e.g.,Jameson,2001;Suchan,2004).Inthisarticle,weadopt Jamesons(2001)definitionofnarrative:... Oursamplewasculledfrom232handwrittennarrativesthathadbeengathered forastudyinvolvingangerandjustice(Kiewitz,2000).Inthatstudy,participants wereaskedtodescribeintheirownwordsanincidentatworkthatmadethem angry. Theparticipantsinthatstudyrepresentedeachgenderequally(51.8%women) andwerewelleducated(61.3%hadearnedacollegedegree),married(66.8%), andprimarilyCaucasian(80.1%).Participantsreportedameanageof40.47 yearsandaveraged9.94yearsworkingfortheircurrentemployer. Becausethenarrativepromptwasverygeneral,wewereabletoreviewawide varietyofincidents.Ofthe232narratives,109(47%)involvedasubordinates angertowardaneventinvolvingtheirmanager,definedassomeoneinthe positionofpoweroverthepersonexperiencingtheinjustice(French&Raven, 1959). Becausewesuspectedthatdistributiveandproceduralaswellasinterpersonal orinformationaljusticemightberelatedtofailurestomanagerapport... ...fourcodersweretrainedtoidentifyjusticeissuesinthose109written narratives.Eachcoderwasastudentwhohadstudiedorganizationaljusticein hisorherrecentcoursework.Codersweregivenasetofwritteninstructionsthat includeddefinitionsandexamplesofthefourtypesofjustice.Multiplecodes werepossibleforeachdescribedincidentornarrative(i.e.,asingleincident mightinvolvenojusticeissues,asinglejusticeissue,orsomecombination).Allof the109incidentswerecodedwithatleastonetypeoforganizational(in)justice, althoughagreementonthespecificcategorywaslow(58%agreementforall categoriesandCohens[1960]kappaof.134fordistributive,.151forprocedural, and.293forinterpersonal/informational).Nevertheless,weareconfidentthat all109storiesdescribeincidentsinwhichsometypeoforganizational(in)justice wasinvolved. Toassessthevalueofrapportmanagementtheoryforexplainingsubordinates perceptionsoforganizational(in)justiceinvolvingtheirmanagers... ...thethreeresearchersindependentlyassignedSpencerOateys(2000) categoriesofrapportmanagementviolations(i.e.,threatstoqualityfacewants, socialidentityfacewants,autonomyrights,andassociationrights)tothe109 writtennarrativesinvolvinginjusticeperpetratedbymanagers.Onceagain,aset ofwritteninstructionsincludingdefinitionsandexamplesofthefourtypesof justicewascreated(Table3).Likewise,codingallowedformultipleresponsesper describedincident(i.e.,asinglestorymightinvolvenoviolationofrapport management,violationofasinglerapportmanagementcategory,orviolationof somecombinationofthefourcategories).
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ThistableappearsinadiscussionofMethodssectionsinresearcharticlesonProsWrite.com.