The Present Perfect Tense

Usos
1. Se usa el Presente Perfecto cuando queremos hablar de algo del pasado, pero que no importa cundo la accin tuvo lugar. La accin tiene un efecto en el presente: I've broken my arm as you can see. I can't go on holiday because I have broken my leg. The train has left the station. -Me he roto el brazo como I broke my arm at some point and now I have a puedes ver plaster cast on it. - No me puedo ir de vacaciones porque me he roto la pierna. - El tren ha salido de la estacin. At some point in the past, I broke my leg. As a result, I can't go on holiday now. The train left the station some time ago (it is not important whether it is an hour or a minute ago). The effect is that it is not here now.

Have you locked all the Has cerrado todas las doors? puertas? Our neighbours have bought a new car. This is the first time I have eaten Japanese food. I've bought something to eat. I haven't found her phone number yet. Why haven't you read this book? We've eaten all our food. Nuestros vecinos han comprado un coche nuevo. -sta es la primera vez que como comida japonesa. He comprado algo de comer. An no encuentro su nmero de telfono. Por qu no has ledo este libro? Nos hemos comido toda tu comida. The action is happening now. It marks a new experience in my life.

2. Tambin se usa el Presente Perfecto cuando queremos describir algo que comenz en el pasado y ha continuado hasta hoy. Se usa el tiempo verbal con las palabras "since" y "for":

o Cuando queremos decir que la accin ha comenzado se usa "since":

Tom has lived in Wrocaw since 1980. I have met Miss Brown five times since February. Her mother has been a teacher since 1972. Tom ha vivido en Wrocaw desde 1980. Me he encontrado con la Sra. Brown 5 veces desde febrero. Su madre ha sido profesora desde 1972.

o Cuando queremos preguntar cundo algo comenz podemos usar "since when". Sin
embargo, es mejor hacer la pregunta con "How long": Since when haven't you seen -Desde cundo que no Better: How long haven't you

your grandmother? Since when have you known him?

ves a tu abuela? -Desde cundo lo conoces?

seen your grandmother? Better: How long have you known him?

o Cuando queremos decir por cunto tiempo algo ha ocurrido se usa "for":
They haven't seen you for seven weeks. No te han visto en 7 semanas. I have learned English for sixteen years. He estudiado ingls por 16 aos. I've lived in this house for five years. He vivido en esta casa 5 aos.

o Cuando queremos saber la extensin de tiempo de una accin se usa "how long":
How long have you known Mary's husband? How long has she had this car? Por cunto tiempo has conocido al esposo de Mary? Por cunto tiempo ha tenido ella este coche?

Formacin de oraciones en el Presente Perfecto

Formacin de oraciones positivas

+ III form of the VERB PERSON - PERSONA + "have" III FORMA DEL VERBO I You He / she / it We / you / they have have has have seen seen seen seen him in the shop. him in the shop. him in the shop. him in the shop. + OBJECt - OBJETO

Formacin de preguntas

+ III form of the VERB "have" + PERSON - PERSONA III forma del VERBO Have Have Has Have I you he / she / it we / you / they seen seen seen seen him in the shop? him in the shop? him in the shop? him in the shop? + OBJECT - OBJETO

Formacin de la negacin

PERSON - PERSONA I You He / she / it We / you / they

+ VERB "have " + "not" +VERBO "have" have have has have not not not not

+ III form of the VERB + OBJECT III forma del VERBO seen seen seen seen +OBJETO him in the shop! him in the shop! him in the shop! him in the shop!

Puntos adicionales
have not has not = haven't = hasn't

La tercera forma del verbo se forma as: 1. Con verbos regulares se agrega "-ed" Ej.:

work fail

- worked - failed

2. Con verbos irregulares, necesitas recordar la tercera forma de cada uno.