11

11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 11.14 11.15

CONTURI NAIONALE

Produsul intern brut, pe categorii de resurse Indicii produsului intern brut, pe categorii de resurse Produsul intern brut, pe categorii de utilizri Indicii produsului intern brut, pe categorii de utilizri Indicii produsului intern brut, pe categorii de resurse i categorii de utilizri Agregatele macroeconomice ale sectoarelor instituionale Indicatori specifici ai sectoarelor instituionale Principalele agregate, pe locuitor Rate specifice conturilor naionale Populaia ocupat, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i dup statutul profesional Ore lucrate de populaia ocupat, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i dup statutul profesional Productivitatea muncii, pe persoan ocupat Productivitatea orar a muncii Producia, consumul intermediar i valoarea adugat brut, pe activiti Indicii produciei, consumului intermediar i valorii adugate brute, pe activiti Teritorial

11.16 11.17 11.18 11.19 11.20 11.21 11.22 11.23 11.24 11.25 11.26 11.27 11.28 11.29 11.30

Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 1995 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 1996 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 1997 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 1998 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 1999 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2000 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2001 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2002 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2003 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2004 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2005 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2006 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2007 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2008 Produsul intern brut regional

SURSA DATELOR
Cercetri statistice: Valorificarea rezultatelor cercetrilor statistice elaborate n cadrul sistemului statisticii oficiale.

DATA SOURCE
Statistical surveys: Turning into account the results of statistical surveys carried out within the system of official statistics.

Surse administrative: Ministerul Finanelor Publice, pentru datele din execuia bugetului public naional, bilanurile contabile, precum i pentru datele privind impozitarea veniturilor persoanelor fizice independente i asociaiilor familiale; Banca Naional a Romniei, pentru datele din balana de pli.

Administrative sources: Ministry of Public Finances, for data provided on the execution of the state budget, the balance sheets, as well as for data concerning the tax on the income of family associations and individual natural persons; National Bank of Romania, for data from the balance of payments.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE
Conturile naionale au fost elaborate pe baza principiilor metodologice ale Sistemului European de Conturi 1995 (SEC 1995). Contabilitatea naional reprezint un ansamblu coerent i detaliat de conturi i tabele ce ofer o imagine comparabil i complet a activitii economice a unei ri. Aceasta clasific marea varietate de fluxuri economice ntr-un numr restrns de categorii fundamentale i le nscrie ntr-un cadru de ansamblu ce permite obinerea unei reprezentri a circuitului economic adaptat nevoilor de analiz, previziune i politic economic. Principalele conturi ce se elaboreaz n cadrul contabilitii naionale sunt: contul de producie; contul de distribuire primar a venitului; contul de exploatare; contul de alocare a veniturilor primare; contul de venit al ntreprinderii; contul de alocare a altor venituri primare; contul de distribuire secundar a venitului; contul de redistribuire a venitului n natur; contul de utilizare a venitului; contul de utilizare a venitului disponibil; contul de utilizare a venitului disponibil ajustat; contul de capital; contul variaiilor nete datorate economiei i transferurilor de capital; contul achiziiilor de active nefinanciare; contul financiar; contul altor modificri de active; conturile de patrimoniu; contul restului lumii. Tranzaciile din conturile naionale sunt clasate pe sectoare instituionale.

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
The national accounts have been drawn up according to the methodological principles of European System of Accounts 1995 (ESA 1995). National accounting represents a coherent and detailed whole of accounts and tables, which give a comparable and complete picture of the economic activity of a country. It classifies the wide variety of economic flows into a low number of basic categories inscribing them in a frame allowing for obtaining a representation of the economic circuit adapted to the analyses, forecasts and economic policies requirements. The main accounts compiled within national accounting are: production account; primary distribution of income account; generation of income account; allocation of primary income account; entrepreneurial income account; allocation of other primary income account; secondary distribution of income account; redistribution of income in kind account; use of income account; use of disposable income account; use of adjusted disposable income account; capital account; change in net worth due to saving and capital transfers account; acquisition of non-financial assets account; changes in assets; other changes in volume of assets account; balance sheets; rest of the world account. Transactions of national accounts are classified by institutional sector.

Sectorul instituional reprezint ansamblul unitilor instituionale ce au un comportament economic asemntor. Unitile instituionale sunt clasate n sectoare, n funcie de dou caracteristici reprezentative pentru comportamentul lor economic: categoria de productori; natura activitilor i a funciilor lor principale. Ansamblul de uniti instituionale rezidente (uniti ce au centrul de interes pe teritoriul economic al unei ri) se grupeaz n cinci sectoare instituionale: societi nefinanciare; societi financiare; administraii publice; gospodriile populaiei; instituii fr scop lucrativ n serviciul gospodriilor populaiei. Sectorul societi nefinanciare cuprinde unitile instituionale dotate cu personalitate juridic care sunt productori de pia i a cror activitate principal const n producerea de bunuri i servicii nefinanciare. n acest sector se include activitatea regiilor autonome i a societilor comerciale nefinanciare, precum i a cvasisocietilor nefinanciare. Sectorul societi financiare cuprinde ansamblul de societi i cvasi-societi a cror funcie principal const n furnizarea de servicii de intermediere financiar i/sau n exercitarea de activiti financiare auxiliare. n acest sector au fost incluse urmtoarele tipuri de uniti: Banca Naional a Romniei, Bncile comerciale romneti i strine, Casa de Economii i Consemnaiuni (CEC Bank), Case de Ajutor Reciproc (CAR), Companiile/societile de brokeraj, Societi de investiii financiare, Bursa de valori, Case de schimb valutar, RASDAQ, Cooperative de credit, Societi de Asigurare, Fondul de Garantare a Depozitelor Bancare, Fondul Privat de Pensii. Sectorul administraii publice cuprinde toate unitile instituionale a cror producie non-pia este destinat consumului individual i colectiv; resursele lor provin, n cea mai mare parte, din contribuiile obligatorii vrsate de unitile aparinnd altor sectoare i/sau toate unitile instituionale a cror activitate principal o constituie efectuarea de operaii de redistribuire a veniturilor i a patrimoniului naional. Sectorul administraii publice se compune din urmtoarele subsectoare: Administraia central; Administraiile locale; Administraiile de securitate social. publice includ: organismele Administraiile administrative publice care conduc i finaneaz un ansamblu de activiti ce constau, n principal, n furnizarea de bunuri i servicii non-pia pentru colectivitate; instituiile fr scop lucrativ ce produc servicii nedestinate pieei controlate i majoritar finanate de ctre administraiile publice; fondurile de pensii autonome. Sectorul gospodriile populaiei cuprinde indivizi sau grupuri de indivizi, att n calitatea lor de consumatori ct i, eventual, de ntreprinztori, ce produc bunuri sau servicii financiare i nefinanciare de pia.

Institutional sector groups together all the institutional units, which have a similar type of economic behaviour. Institutional units are grouped into sectors, according to the two following criteria, characteristic for their economic behaviour: producers class; the nature of activities and of their main economic function. The resident institutional units (units whose center of interest is placed on the economic territory of a certain country) are grouped in five institutional sectors: nonfinancial corporations; financial corporations; general government; households; non-profit institution serving households. Non-financial corporations sector comprises the non-financial institutional units with legal status, that are market producers and whose function consists of producing non-financial market goods and services. This sector includes the activity of autonomous, non-financial corporations and non-financial quasi-corporations. Financial corporations sector includes all corporations and quasi-corporations, which are mainly involved in financial intermediation and/or auxiliary financial activities. This sector includes the following categories of units: National Bank of Romania, Romanian and foreign Commercial Banks, Savings Bank, Mutual insurance fund, Brokerage companies, Financial investment companies, Stock Exchange, Exchange offices, R.A.S.D.A.Q, Credit co-operatives, Insurance companies, Guarantee Fund of the Banking Deposits, Private Pension Fund. General government sector comprises all institutional units, that are other non-market producers whose output is intended for individual and collective consumption and mainly financed by compulsory payments made by units belonging to other sectors, and/or all institutional units principally engaged in the redistribution of national income and wealth. The general government sector is divided into the following sub-sectors: Central government; Local government; Social security funds. General government includes: general government entities which manage and finance a group of activities, mainly providing non-market goods and services, intended for the benefit of the community; non-profit institutions recognized as independent legal entities which are other non-market producers and which are controlled and mainly financed by general government; autonomous pension funds. Households sector covers individuals or groups of individuals as consumers and possibly also as entrepreneurs producing market goods and non-financial and financial services.

Sectorul instituii fr scop lucrativ n serviciul gospodriilor populaiei grupeaz unitile instituionale rezidente care produc, n principal, servicii de non-pia pentru gospodrii i ale cror resurse, n cea mai mare parte, provin din vnzri ocazionale, contribuii voluntare efectuate de gospodrii, vrsminte provenite de la administraiile publice i din venituri din proprietate. De asemenea se includ: organizaii religioase (de cult), sindicate, partide politice, uniuni, fundaii, asociaii culturale i sportive. Sectorul restul lumii este caracterizat printr-un set de conturi care reflect tranzaciile ce au loc ntre unitile rezidente i cele nerezidente. Conturile specifice acestui sector furnizeaz o vedere de ansamblu asupra relaiilor economice care leag o ar cu restul lumii. Produsul intern brut (PIB), principalul agregat macroeconomic al contabilitii naionale, reprezint rezultatul final al activitii de producie a unitilor productoare rezidente. Acesta se poate calcula prin urmtoarele metode: a) Metoda de producie: PIB = VAB + IP + TV - SP, unde: PIB = Produsul intern brut (preuri de pia) VAB = Valoarea adugat brut (preuri de baz) IP = Impozitele pe produse TV = Taxele vamale (drepturi asupra importurilor) SP = Subveniile pe produse b) Metoda cheltuielilor: PIB = CF + FBCF + VS + (E - I), unde: CF = Consumul final efectiv FBCF= Formarea brut de capital fix VS = Variaia de stoc E = Exporturile de bunuri i servicii I = Importurile de bunuri i servicii c) Metoda veniturilor: PIB = R + EBE + AIP ASP + IP+TV SP, unde: R = Remunerarea salariailor EBE = Excedentul brut de exploatare AIP = Alte impozite pe producie ASP = Alte subvenii pe producie IP = Impozite pe produse TV = Taxe vamale SP = Subvenii pe produse Venitul naional brut (VNB) reprezint ansamblul veniturilor primare primite de ctre unitile instituionale rezidente: remunerarea salariailor, impozitele pe producie i importuri minus subveniile, veniturile din proprietate (cele de primit minus cele de pltit), excedentul de exploatare (brut) i venitul mixt (brut). VNB (la preuri de pia) este egal cu PIB diminuat cu veniturile primare vrsate de unitile nerezidente i mrit cu veniturile primare primite de la restul lumii de ctre unitile rezidente.

Non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs) sector consists of resident institutional units, which serve households and which are mainly non-market producers; their principal resources, apart from those derived from occasional sales, are derived from voluntary contributions in cash or in kind from households in their capacity of consumer, from payments made by general government and from property income. Also includes: religious organizations (of cults), trade unions, political parties, unions, foundations, cultural and sports associations. Rest of the world sector is represented by a group of accounts that reflects transactions that occur between the resident units and the non-resident ones. Rest of the world accounts reflect the operations carried out between resident units and non-resident units. Gross domestic product (GDP), the main macroeconomic aggregate of national accounting, represents the final result of the production activity of resident producer units. This aggregate could be calculated according to the following approaches: a) Production approach: GDP = GVA + TP + D SP, where : GDP = Gross domestic product (market prices) GVA = Gross value added (basic prices) TP = Taxes on products D = Import duties SP = Subsidies on products b) Expenditure approach: GDP = FC + GFCF + CS + (EI), where: FC = Final consumption GFCF= Gross fixed capital formation CS = Change in inventories E = Exports of goods and services I = Imports of goods and services c) Income approach: GDP = C+ GOS + OTP OSP+TP + D SP, where: C = Compensation of employees GOS = Gross operating surplus OTP = Other taxes on production OSP = Other subsidies on production TP = Taxes on products D = Import duties SP = Subsidies on products Gross national income (GNI) represents total primary income receivable by resident institutional units: compensation of employees, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, property income (receivable less payable), (gross) operating surplus and (gross) mixed income. GNI (at market prices) equals GDP minus primary income paid by resident units to non-residents plus primary income received by resident units from the rest of the world.

Estimrile privind economia neobservat ncorporate n conturile naionale se realizeaz pentru: sectorul formal, prin estimarea muncii la negru i a fraudei la declararea taxei pe valoarea adugat; sectorul informal, prin estimarea valorii produciei nedeclarate obinute de ctre asociaiile familiale i ntreprinztorii individuali. Serviciile de intermediere financiar indirect msurate (SIFIM) se msoar convenional prin soldul dintre dobnzile ncasate i cele pltite de instituiile financiare, fiind rezultatul activitii de intermediere financiar a acestora. Producia i valoarea adugat brut au fost calculate n preuri de baz (inclusiv subveniile pe produse i exclusiv impozitele pe produs i taxa pe valoarea adaugat). Indicii produsului intern brut au fost calculai pe baza datelor n preuri comparabile, fiind utilizate preurile anului anterior celui de calcul. Legtura ntre datele calculate pentru diferite perioade s-a fcut pe baza nlnuirii indicilor. Datele pentru anul 2008 sunt definitive, iar cele pentru anul 2009 sunt semidefinitive. Datele sunt prezentate n capitol, conform CAEN Rev.1. Estimarea ocuprii forei de munc se realizeaz n cadrul contabilitii naionale, conform cerinelor metodologice i a conceptelor i clasificrilor prevzute de SEC 1995. Unitile de msur utilizate sunt: mii persoane i mii ore lucrate. Populaia ocupat cuprinde persoanele (salariate i independente) angajate ntr-o activitate productiv conform SEC 1995. Salariaii reprezint toate persoanele care lucreaz, pe baza unui contract formal sau informal, pentru o alt unitate instituional rezident n schimbul unei remuneraii n bani sau n natur. Lucrtorii independeni (pe cont propriu) reprezint persoane care sunt unici proprietari sau coproprietari ai unei ntreprinderi fr personalitate juridic, n care muncesc. Din aceast categorie mai fac parte: lucrtorii familiali neremunerai i lucrtorii la domiciliu care produc pentru pia, lucrtorii care exercit, individual sau colectiv, activiti de producie destinate n ntregime consumului final propriu sau formrii proprii de capital. Productivitatea muncii pe o persoan ocupat a fost calculat ca raport ntre valoarea adugat brut i numrul de persoane ocupate. Productivitatea orar a muncii a fost calculat ca raport ntre valoarea adugat brut i numrul de ore lucrate. Conturile regionale reprezint versiunea la nivel regional a conturilor naionale i respect principiile metodologice ale SEC 1995. Conform nomenclatorului unitilor statistice teritoriale a UE (NUTS), regiunea corespunde nivelului 2. n Romnia, produsul intern brut regional (PIBR) se calculeaz pentru cele patru macroregiuni,

The non-observed economy estimates included in national accounts are calculated for: formal sector, by estimating underground labour and the tax evasion on value added tax; informal sector, by estimating the undeclared output of family associations and self-employed persons. Financial intermediation services indirectly measured (FISIM) are, by convention, measured by the balance between the interests received and those paid by credit institutions as result of their financial intermediation activity. The output and gross value added were calculated in basic prices (including the subsidies on products and excluding the taxes on product and value added tax). The indices of gross domestic product were calculated on the basis of data expressed in comparable prices making use of the prices recorded in the previous year. The relation between data for different periods was based on chaining indices. The data for 2008 are final and those for 2009 are semi-final. The data are presented in chapter according to CANE Rev.1. Employment estimation is performed in the framework of national accounting, according to the methodological requirements, concepts and classifications of ESA 1995. The measure units used are: thousands persons and thousands hours-worked. Employment covers all persons (employees and selfemployed) engaged in a productive activity as defined by ESA 1995. Employees are defined as all persons who principally work, based on a formal or informal agreement, for another resident institutional unit in return for remuneration in cash or in kind. Self-employed persons are defined as persons who are the sole owners, or joint owners, of the unincorporated enterprises without legal personality, in which they work. In this category are also included: contributing family workers and home workers who produce for market, workers engaged in production undertaken entirely for their own final consumption or own capital formation, either individually or collectively. Labour productivity per employed person was calculated as a ratio between gross value added and employment. Labour productivity per hour worked was calculated as a ratio between gross value added and the number of hours worked. Regional accounts represent the version of national accounts at regional level and they are in accordance with the methodological rules of the ESA 1995. According to the EU nomenclature of territorial units for statistics (NUTS), the region corresponds to the level 2. In Romania the compilations of regional gross domestic product (RGDP) are made for the four

cele opt regiuni de dezvoltare i pentru extra-regiuni. Pentru Romnia, extra-regiunile se refer la platforma continental aflat n Marea Neagr i enclavele teritoriale (ambasadele i consulatele romne din strintate). Regionalizarea indicatorilor se poate realiza dup metodele ascendente, descendente sau mixte, n conturile regionale romneti fiind utilizate, n principal, metoda descendent i, n funcie de datele disponibile, metoda mixt. Metodele sunt descrise mai jos: Metoda ascendent (de jos n sus) presupune a pleca de la informaiile relative ale unitilor rezidente dintr-o regiune i apoi a le nsuma, pn la obinerea totalului regional al agregatului respectiv. Suma valorilor regionale trebuie s fie egal cu valorile naionale. Metoda descendent (de sus n jos) presupune repartizarea cifrei naionale a valorii adugate brute pe regiuni, folosind diverse chei de distribuie, reflectnd pe ct posibil caracteristicile estimate. Metoda mixt presupune combinarea celor dou metode mai sus prezentate n funcie de datele disponibile i fiabile la nivel regional.

macroregion, for the eight development regions and for extraregions. In Romania case, extra-regions refer to the continental platform from the Black Sea and territorial enclaves (Romanian embassies and consulates from abroad). The regionalisation of indicators could be made using the bottom-up, top-down or mixed methods, the Romanian regional accounts compilation being based mainly on the top-down method and, depending on the available data, on the mixed one. The methods are described below: Bottom-up method considers as starting point the information related to units located in a certain region and their summing-up, thus obtaining the regional total of the respective aggregate. The sum of regional values is to be equal to national values. Top-down method means a breakdown of national gross value added figure by regions, using various conversion keys, reflecting as far as possible the estimated characteristics. Mixed method means a combination of the above two methods, depending on the available data, reliable at regional level.

DEFINIII
Capacitatea (+) sau necesarul (-) de finanare reprezint soldul contului de capital i arat suma net a resurselor pe care economia total le pune la dispoziia restului lumii (dac este pozitiv) sau pe care le primete de la restul lumii (dac este negativ). Cheltuiala pentru consum final acoper cheltuielile efectuate de ctre un sector pentru achiziionarea de bunuri i servicii care sunt utilizate pentru a satisface direct nevoile individuale sau colective ale membrilor colectivitii. Cheltuiala pentru consumul final poate fi efectuat pe teritoriul economic sau n restul lumii. Cheltuiala pentru consum final al administraiilor publice cuprinde dou categorii de cheltuieli: valoarea bunurilor i serviciilor produse de administraiile publice n alte scopuri dect formarea de capital pentru sine sau vnzare; cheltuielile pe care administraiile publice le consacr cumprrii de bunuri i servicii produse de ctre productorii de bunuri i servicii destinate pieei n vederea furnizrii lor, fr prelucrare, gospodriilor populaiei cu titlu de transferuri sociale n natur. Cheltuiala pentru consum final al gospodriilor populaiei acoper cheltuielile pentru achiziionarea de bunuri i servicii care sunt utilizate pentru a satisface direct nevoile individuale ale membrilor acestora. Cheltuiala pentru consum final al instituiilor fr scop lucrativ n serviciul gospodriilor populaiei cuprinde cheltuielile pe care aceste instituii le consacr achiziionrii de bunuri i servicii produse de ctre productorii de bunuri i servicii destinate pieei n vederea furnizrii lor, fr prelucrri, gospodriilor populaiei cu titlu de transferuri sociale n natur.

DEFINITIONS
Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) is the balancing item of the capital account and shows the resources that the nation puts at the disposal of the rest of world or that it receives from the rest of the world (in case a borrowing occurs). Final consumption expenditure consists of expenditure incurred by resident institutional units for the purchase of goods and services that are used for directly meeting of individual needs or the collective needs of the community members. Final consumption expenditure may take place on the domestic economic territory or abroad. Final consumption expenditure of government includes two categories of expenditure: the value of the goods and services produced by general government itself for other purpose than own-account capital formation or sale; purchases by general government of goods and services produced by market producers that are supplied to households without any transformation as social transfers in kind. Household final consumption expenditure covers the expenditure for purchasing goods and services to directly meet the individual needs of resident household members. Final consumption expenditure of non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs) includes expenditure by NPISHs on goods or services produced by market producers that are supplied - without any transformation - to households for their consumption as social transfers in kind.

Consumul final colectiv efectiv al administraiilor publice cuprinde cheltuiala pentru consum colectiv al administraiilor publice (servicii publice generale, aprare naional i securitatea teritoriului, meninerea ordinii i securitii publice, activiti legislative i de reglementare, cercetare i dezvoltare etc.) Consumul final individual efectiv al gospodriilor populaiei cuprinde: cheltuielile gospodriilor populaiei pentru cumprarea de bunuri i servicii n scopul satisfacerii nevoilor membrilor lor, cheltuiala pentru consum individual al administraiilor publice (nvmnt, sntate, securitate social i aciuni sociale, cultur, sport, activiti recreative, colectarea de deeuri menajere) i cheltuiala pentru consum individual al instituiilor fr scop lucrativ n serviciul gospodriilor. Consumul final efectiv cuprinde bunurile i serviciile achiziionate de ctre unitile instituionale rezidente pentru satisfacerea direct a nevoilor umane, att individuale ct i colective. Consumul intermediar reprezint valoarea bunurilor i serviciilor, excluznd activele fixe, utilizate ca intrri n cursul produciei i care sunt fie transformate, fie consumate n totalitate n timpul procesului de producie. Cotizaiile sociale n sarcina patronilor pot fi efective sau imputate. Cotizaiile sociale efective n sarcina patronilor cuprind vrsmintele pe care acetia le efectueaz, n beneficiul salariailor lor, ctre organismele de asigurare. Cotizaiile sociale imputate n sarcina patronilor reprezint contravaloarea prestaiilor sociale furnizate direct de patroni salariailor lor, fotilor salariai i altora care au acest drept, fr s fi recurs n acest scop la o societate de asigurri sau la un fond de pensii autonom sau la constituirea unui fond specific sau unei rezerve distincte. Economia brut reprezint soldul contului de utilizare a venitului disponibil i msoar partea de venit disponibil brut care nu este destinat cheltuielii pentru consum final. Economia neobservat reprezint totalul activitilor economice care sunt ascunse observaiilor statistice. Excedentul brut de exploatare este soldul contului de exploatare i reprezint ceea ce rmne din valoarea adugat creat n procesul de producie dup remunerarea salariailor i plata impozitelor pe producie. Exporturile de bunuri i servicii reprezint ansamblul de bunuri i servicii furnizate de rezidenii Romniei ctre nerezideni prin intermediul vnzrilor, trocului, donaiilor sau transferurilor. Formarea brut de capital fix reprezint valoarea bunurilor durabile (active corporale i necorporale), destinate altor scopuri dect cele militare, achiziionate de unitile productoare rezidente cu scopul de a fi utilizate

Governments actual collective final consumption comprises government expenditure for collective consumption (management and regulation of society, security and defence, the maintenance of law and order, legislation and regulation, research and development a.s.o. ). Households actual individual final consumption consists of households expenditure on purchasing goods and services in order to directly meet the individual needs of resident households members, government expenditure for individual consumption (education, health, social security, and welfare, culture, sport, recreation, collection of households refuse) and NPISH expenditure for individual consumption. Actual final consumption consists of the goods or services that are purchased by resident institutional units for directly meeting of human needs, whether individual or collective. Intermediate consumption consists of the value of the goods and services, excluding fixed assets, consumed as inputs in a process of production that are either transformed or entirely consumed within the production process. Employers social contributions may be actual and imputed. Employers actual social contributions consist of the payments made by employers for the benefit of their employees, to insurance bodies. Employers imputed social contributions represent the counterpart to social benefits paid directly by employers to their employees or former employees and other eligible persons without involving an insurance enterprise or autonomous pension fund and without creating special fund or segregated reserve for the purpose. Gross savings represent the balancing item of the use of disposable income account and it measures the part of gross disposable income that is not intended to final consumption expenditure. Non-observed economy represents the total of economic activities hidden to statistical observations. Gross operating surplus is the balancing item of operating surplus account and it corresponds to the value added after deducting compensation of employees and the taxes on production. Exports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from residents to non-residents of Romania. Gross fixed capital formation represents the value of the durable goods (tangible and intangible assets) for non-military purposes, purchased by the resident producing units to be used at least one year in the

timp de cel puin un an n procesul de producie, precum i valoarea serviciilor ncorporate n bunurile de capital fix. Importurile de bunuri i servicii reprezint ansamblul bunurilor i serviciilor furnizate de nerezideni ctre rezidenii Romniei prin intermediul vnzrilor, trocului, donaiilor sau transferurilor. Impozitele curente pe venit, patrimoniu etc. cuprind toate vrsmintele obligatorii, fr contrapartid, n bani sau n natur, prelevate n mod periodic de administraiile publice i de restul lumii asupra venitului i patrimoniului unitilor instituionale, ct i anumite impozite periodice, care nu sunt percepute nici asupra venitului, nici a patrimoniului. Impozitele pe producie i importuri sunt vrsminte obligatorii fr contrapartid, n bani sau n natur, prelevate de administraiile publice sau de instituiile Uniunii Europene. Ele se descompun n: impozite pe produse (impozite datorate pe unitatea de bun sau de serviciu produs sau schimbat); alte impozite pe producie (impozite pe care ntreprinderile le suport ca urmare a activitii lor de producie, independent de cantitatea sau valoarea bunurilor i serviciilor vndute sau schimbate). Prestaiile sociale cuprind transferurile n natur sau numerar atribuite persoanelor pentru acoperirea unor riscuri sau nevoi ca: boal, btrnee, deces, invaliditate, omaj, accidente de munc, boli profesionale. Ele cuprind de asemenea alocaiile pentru copii i ajutoare pentru unele categorii de familii. Producia este o activitate socialmente organizat pentru a realiza bunuri i servicii n cursul unei perioade date. Producia de bunuri i servicii destinate pieei reprezint producia vndut sau destinat vnzrii pe pia la un pre semnificativ din punct de vedere economic. Prin convenie, conform conturilor naionale toate bunurile sunt considerate destinate pieei. Serviciile destinate pieei reprezint acele servicii care pot face obiectul cumprrii pe pia i care sunt realizate de o unitate economic ale crei resurse provin, n cea mai mare parte, din vnzarea produciei realizate. Producia pentru consumul final propriu cuprinde bunurile sau serviciile pe care o unitate instituional le produce i le pstreaz, fie n scopul consumului final, fie n scopul formrii brute de capital fix (numai gospodriile populaiei pot pstra produse n scopul consumului final propriu, ca de exemplu produsele agricole conservate de agricultori; n schimb toate sectoarele pot pstra produsele n scopul formrii brute de capital fix pentru sine, cum ar fi: maini, unelte fabricate de ctre ntreprinderi, locuine construite de ctre populaie, construciile pentru sine efectuate de ntreprinderi).

production process, as well as the value of services incorporated in fixed capital goods. Imports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (purchases, barter, gifts or grants) from non-residents to residents of Romania. Current taxes on income, wealth a.s.o. cover all compulsory, unrequited payments, in cash or in kind, levied periodically by general government and by the rest of the world on the income and wealth of institutional units, and some periodic taxes which are assessed neither on the income, nor the wealth. Taxes on production and imports cover all compulsory, unrequited payments, in cash or in kind, levied periodically by general government and by the European Union units. Taxes on production and imports are divided into: taxes on products (due taxes on goods or services unit produced or transformed); other taxes on production (taxes paid by enterprises as a result of production activity independent of the amount or value of goods and services sold or transformed). Social benefits comprise all current transfers in kind or in cash, provided to individuals in order to cover certain risks or needs such as: sickness, old age, death, disability, unemployment, work injury, occupational disease. They comprise also allowances for children and for certain family categories assistance. Production is an activity organized within the society in order to produce goods and services during a given period. Market production of goods and services is the output sold at prices that are economically significant or intended to be sold on the market. By convention and according to national accounts rules, all the goods are considered to be sold on the market. The output of market services covers all services which could be purchased on the market and are produced by an economic unit whose resources are mainly covered by revenue from sales of their own output. Output for own final use covers goods or services that are retained either for final consumption by the institutional unit or for gross fixed capital formation. Only households can produce and retain output for own final consumption, for example, agricultural goods produced and consumed by members of the same household. Goods or services used for own gross fixed capital formation can be produced by any kind of enterprise. They include, for example, machine tools produced for their own use by enterprises, dwellings or extensions to dwellings produced by households.

Producia non-pia const n producia administraiilor publice i instituiilor fr scop lucrativ n serviciul gospodriilor populaiei furnizat altor uniti instituionale, fie cu titlu gratuit, fie la un pre nesemnificativ din punct de vedere economic. Ramura de activitate reprezint o grupare de uniti cu producie omogen (ce grupeaz unitile cu activitate economic local). Aceste uniti se caracterizeaz printr-o activitate unic i anume prin intrri de produse i servicii, prin procese de producie i ieiri cu produse omogene. Remunerarea salariailor este definit, n contabilitatea naional, din punct de vedere al angajatorului i reprezint costul forei de munc cuprinznd nu numai salariile declarate, precum i toate formele de remunerare direct i indirect. Salariile nete primite reprezint sumele primite de angajai n contrapartida muncii depuse (inclusiv prime, sporuri, avantaje n natur), din care se scad cotizaiile sociale n sarcina salariailor, precum i impozitul pe venit. Subveniile sunt transferuri curente fr contrapartid pe care administraiile publice sau instituiile Uniunii Europene le vars productorilor rezideni n scopul influenrii nivelurilor lor de producie, preurilor lor sau remunerrii factorilor de producie. Exist dou categorii de subvenii: subvenii pe produse (sumele vrsate pe unitatea de bun sau serviciu produs sau importat); alte subvenii pe producie (sumele de care pot beneficia unitile productoare rezidente, n funcie de activitile lor de producie). Unitatea instituional reprezint centrul elementar de decizie economic caracterizat prin unicitate de comportament, cu autonomie de decizie n exercitarea funciei sale principale i care dispune de o contabilitate complet. Valoarea adugat brut este soldul contului de producie reprezentnd valoarea nou creat n procesul de producie. Variaia stocurilor este msurat prin valoarea intrrilor n stoc, diminuat cu valoarea ieirilor din stoc i cu eventualele pierderi curente ale stocurilor datorate deteriorrilor fizice, pagubelor accidentale sau furturilor. Stocurile reprezint bunurile, altele dect cele de capital fix, deinute la un moment dat de unitile de producie. Venitul disponibil brut este soldul contului de venit i msoar partea din valoarea creat de care dispune naiunea, pentru consum final i economie brut. Veniturile fiscale sunt vrsminte obligatorii ctre administraiile publice sub forma impozitelor pe producie i importuri, a impozitelor pe venit i patrimoniu i a impozitului pe capital.

Other non-market output consists of goods and individual or collective services produced by general government and NPISHs that are supplied free, or at prices that are not economically significant, to other units. The industry represents a grouping of units with homogeneous production (formed by local kind of activity units). These units are characterised by unique activity i.e inputs of products and services, by production processes and outputs of homogeneous products. Compensation of employees is defined in national accountancy, from the employer standpoint and represents the labour force cost, comprising not only stated salaries, but all forms of direct and indirect compensation. Net salaries received include the amounts received directly by the employees in return for their work (including bonuses, enhanced rates of pay, payments in kind) after deducting the social compulsory contributions of employees and tax on income. Subsidies are current unrequited payments which general government or the institutions of the European Union make to resident producers, with the objective of influencing their levels of production, their prices or the remuneration of the production factors. Subsidies are classified into: subsidies on products (subsidies payable per unit of goods or services produced or imported); other subsidies on production (amounts which resident producer units may receive depending on their producing activities). Institutional unit is an elementary economic decision-making center characterized by uniqueness of behavior, decision-making autonomy in the exercise of its principal function and which keeps (or can compile at request) a complete set of accounts. Gross value added is the balancing item of the production account and measures the value newly created within the production process. Change in inventories is measured by the value of the inventories less the value of withdrawals and the value of any recurrent losses of goods held in inventories due to physical deterioration, or accidental damage or pilfering. Inventories include all goods, other than fixed capital goods, held at a given moment in time by producer units. Gross disposable income is the balancing item of the income account and measures the part of the created value at the nations disposal intended for final consumption and gross saving. Fiscal revenues represent compulsory payments to general government taking the form of taxes on production and import, taxes on income and wealth and the taxes on capital.

Veniturile nete din proprietate ale ntreprinderii reprezint veniturile ncasate de ntreprinderi sub forma dobnzilor, a rentelor asupra terenurilor i activelor nemateriale nchiriate pentru exploatare, a dividendelor i a altor venituri ncasate, din care se scad veniturile de aceeai natur pltite de ntreprindere altor uniti (sectoare, societi etc.).

Net property and entrepreneurial income covers the income of an enterprise which takes the form of interests, rents on land and intangible assets, rented for production purposes, dividends and other income, after deducting the income of the same nature paid by the enterprise to other units (sectors, companies a.s.o.).

11.G1
%

Variaia creterii produsului intern brut Gross domestic product growth variation
anul precedent = 100 / previous year = 100

110 105 100 95 90 85 80 0

1990

107,1 103,9 101,5 94,4 91,2 87,1 95,1 103,2 97,9 99,6 102,4

105,7

105,2 105,1

108,5

107,9 106,3

107,3

104,2

92,9

1995

2000

2005

2009

Not: Datele pentru perioada 1995 - 2005 sunt revizuite, pentru perioada 2006 - 2008 sunt definitive, iar pentru anul 2009 sunt semidefinitive. Note: The data for 1995 - 2005 are revised, for 2006 - 2008 are final and for 2009 are semi-final.

11.G2
%

Evoluia productivitii muncii Evolution of labour productivity

INDICI VALORICI VALUE INDICES
anul precedent = 100 / previous year = 100

130 125 120 115 110 105 100 0

127,9 127,3 125,8

117,3 116,9 115,5

119,2 118,4 117,4

121,1 120,6 120,1 107,5 107,5 107,5

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Valoarea adugat brut Gross value added Productivitatea muncii pe persoan ocupat Labour productivity by employed person

Productivitatea orar a muncii Labour productivity per hour worked

Not: Datele pentru anii 2004 i 2005 sunt revizuite, iar pentru perioada 2006 - 2008 sunt definitive. Note: The data for 2004 and 2005 are revised and for 2006 - 2008 are final.

11.G3
% 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 8,5

Contribuii la creterea produsului intern brut, pe categorii de resurse Contributions to gross domestic product growth, by category of resources

7,9 6,3 4,2

7,3 3,4 0,3

3,0 2,2 1,9 0,5 0,9

4,0 0,7 0,7 1,0 0,3

3,3 1,81,5 1,0

2,5 1,3

2,6 2,4 1,2 0,7 0,4 -0,3 -1,0 -1,4 -1,4

-2,2

-1,2

-3,0

-7,1 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Produsul Intern Brut Gross Domestic Product Agricultur, vntoare i silvicultur Agriculture, hunting and forestry Industrie Industry

Construcii Constructions Servicii Services Impozite nete Net taxes

Not: Datele pentru anii 2004 i 2005 sunt revizuite, pentru perioada 2006 - 2008 sunt definitive, iar pentru anul 2009 sunt semidefinitive. Note: The data for 2004 and 2005 are revised, for 2006 - 2008 are final and for 2009 are semi-final.

11.G4
% 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 8,5 9,8

Contribuii la creterea produsului intern brut, pe categorii de utilizri Contributions to gross domestic product growth, by category of uses

7,4 4,2 2,4 1,7 0,2 -1,0 -4,4

9,1 7,9 4,7 1,4

8,0 6,3

7,8

7,3

6,7 4,7

7,5

3,4

0,2 -0,1

0,5 -1,0 -3,6

0,1 -0,1

-2,3 -4,5

-1,0

-6,3 2004 2005 2006 2007 -9,6 2008

-6,5 -7,1

-8,1

2009

Produsul Intern Brut Gross Domestic Product Consumul final individual efectiv al gospodriilor populaiei Households actual individual final consumption Consumul final colectiv efectiv al administraiilor publice Governments actual collective final consumption

Formarea brut de capital fix Gross fixed capital formation Export net (export-import) Net export (export-import) Variaia stocurilor Change in inventories

Not: Datele pentru anii 2004 i 2005 sunt revizuite, pentru perioada 2006 - 2008 sunt definitive, iar pentru anul 2009 sunt semidefinitive. Note: The data for 2004 and 2005 are revised, for 2006 - 2008 are final and for 2009 are semi-final.