Chapter 1 9thfeb

DepartmentofElectricalEngineering. COMSATSInstituteofInformationTechnology,Islamabad.
EEE314:DATACOMMUNICATIONS &COMPUTERNETWORKS
ATIFSHAKEEL
(MScNETWORKS&DISTRIBUTEDSYSTEMS,SWEDEN)
EEE314:DataCommunications& ComputerNetworks.
DepartmentofElectricalEngineering. COMSATSInstituteofInformationTechnology,Islamabad.
COURSEHOMEPAGE: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/DCCNFall2011CIIT/ COURSEEMAIL: DCCNFall2011CIIT@yahoogroups.com INSTRUCTOREMAIL: Atif_shakeel@comsats.edu.pk
NETWORKSUPPORTINGTHEWAY WELIVE
INTRODUCTION
WhatisCommunication? WhatisDataCommunication? Data communications i i i the is h exchange h of f data d between two devices via some form of transmission i i medium. di Data refers to information presented in whatever form that is agreed upon by the parties creating and using the data.
EEE314:DataCommunications& ComputerNetworks. 5
FUNDAMENTALCHARACTERISTICS
Effectiveness of Data communications depends on following characteristics.
Delivery Accuracy Timeliness Jitter
COMPONENTSOFDATA COMMUNICATIONS
Message Sender Receiver T Transmission i i medium di Protocol
DATAREPRESENTATION
Informationcanbesentindifferentforms
Text Numbers Images Audio A di Video
DATAFLOW
DATAFLOW
Communicationbetweentwodevicescanbe:
Simplex HalfDuplex FullDuplex
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NETWORKS
A network is a set of devices (often referred to as nodes) connected by communication links links. . A node can be a computer, printer, or any other device capable of sending and/or receiving data generated by other nodes on the network. network. An A Interconnected I t t d system t of f things thi or people people. l .
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DistributedProcessing
Most Networks uses distributed processing, in which task is divided among multiple computers.
NetworkCriteria
A network must be able to meet certain number of criteria, the most important are:
Performance Reliability R li bili Security
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TYPESOFPHYSICALCONNECTION
PointtoPointConnection MultipointConnection
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PHYSICALTOPOLOGY
Way in which network is laid out physically. physically Two or more devices connect to a link; two or more links from a topology. topology
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MESHTOPOLOGY
Every device has a dedicated point to point link to every other device. A fully connected mesh network has n(n1)/2 physical channels to link n device. device Every device must have n1 I/O ports. Advantages: Eliminating traffic problems due to dedicated links. Robust. Privacy or security. Easy for fault identification and isolation. Disadvantages: High cost due to amount of cabling and the network I/O ports required. Difficult and complex installment.
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FULLYCONNECTEDMESHTOPOLOGY ( (FIVE DEVICES) )
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STARTOPOLOGY
Each device has a dedicated pointtopoint link only to a central controller, usually called hub. Does not allow direct traffic between devices, the controller acts as an exchange. Advantages: Less expensive then mesh topology. Easy to install and reconfigure. reconfigure Robust Easy fault identification and fault isolation. Di d Disadvantages: Could be costly due to Hub but still highly recommended due to its advantages over other topologies.
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StarTopologywithfourstations
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BUSTOPOLOGY
One long cable acts as a backbone (Bus) to link all other devices (nodes) in a network. Nodes are connected to the bus cable by drop lines and taps. taps Mesh, Star are point to point. Bus is multipoint. Propagating signal through the bus starts fading due to loss of energy as heat. Thus there is a limit on the number of taps and the distance between those taps. Advantages: g
Ease of installation.
Disadvantages:
Difficult reconnection. reconnection Difficult fault isolation. A fault or break in the bus cable stops all transmission to the further segment segment.
BusTopologyConnectingthree stations.
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RINGTOPOLOGY
Each device has a dedicated pointtopoint connection only with the two devices on either side of it. it A signal is passed along the ring in one direction, from device to device, until it reaches its destination. Each E h device d i in i the h ring i incorporates i a repeater. Advantages:
Easy to install and reconfigure with considerations like maximum ring length and number of devices. Simplified fault isolation.
Disadvantage:
Due to unidirectional traffic, a break in the ring can disable the entire network.
RingTopologyconnectingsixstations.
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HYBRIDTOPOLGY
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CATEGORIESOFNETWORK
Network
Localarea network(LAN)
Metropolitan areanetwork (MAN)

Widearea network(WAN)
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LOCALAREANETWORK
Usually privately owned and links the devices in a single g office, , building g or campus. p Geographical size is few kilometers. Designed g to allow resources ( (hardware, software or data) to be shared between personal computers or work stations. In I general l use one type t of f media. di Topologies: bus, ring and star. Data rates: 4 to 16 Mbps. Mbps Recent advancements support up to 100 Mbps and Gbps is in development. p
LANconnecting12computersinaHub
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METROPOLITANAREANETWORK
Designed for the customers who need a high speed d connectivity, i i normally ll to the h internet i and d spread over a city or part of city. Maybe M b a single i l network t k or maybe b a means of f connecting number of LANs into a larger network so that resources may be shared LANtoLAN as well as devicetodevice. Example: A company can use a MAN to connect LANs in all its offices throughout a city.
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MetropolitanAreaNetwork
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WIDEAREANETWORK
Provides long distance transmission of data, voice, image and video information over large geographic areas that may comprise a country, a continent, continent or even the whole world. world
Switched WAN:
connects the end systems, which usually comprise a router (internetworking connecting device) that connects to another LAN or WAN complex as the backbones that connect the Internet.
PointtoPoint WAN:
A line leased from a telephone or cable TV provider that connects a home computer or a small LAN to an Internet service provider (lSP). simple as a dialup line that connects a home computer to the Internet
ASwitchedWAN&PointtoPoint WAN
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AHeterogeneousNetworkmadeof4 WANsand2LANs
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INTERNET
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HierarchicalOrganizationofInternet
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PROTOCOLS
PROTOCOL
A protocol l is i a set of f rules l that h govern data d communications; the key Elements of a protocol are syntax, syntax semantics and timing. timing
Syntax
Structure or format of the data.
Semantics
Meaning of each section of bits.
Timing Ti i
When data should be sent, and how fast data can be sent.
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STANDARDS
Standard are necessary to ensure that products from different manufacturers can work together as expected. expected Data Communication Standards fall in to two categories. categories
De facto De D jure j
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STANDARDORGANIZATIONS
InternationalOrganizationforStandardization (ISO) International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standards Sector (ITUT) American A i N i National l Standards S d d Institute I i (ANSI) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) (EIA) ) Electronics Industries Association (
ToDoList
Atleastgothroughalltheslidesonceinorder tograsptheconceptbeforethenextlecture. JointheGroupHomepageassoonas possible. Lecture Slides for the next lecture will be uploaded on the group home page before the lecture. Any concern regarding the course, email on the DCCNFall2011CIIT@yahoogroups.com
THANKYOUFORYOUR ATTENTION.
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DepartmentofElectricalEngineering. COMSATSInstituteofInformationTechnology,Islamabad.

COURSEHOMEPAGE: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/DCCNFall2011CIIT/ COURSEEMAIL: DCCNFall2011CIIT@yahoogroups.com INSTRUCTOREMAIL: Atif_shakeel@comsats.edu.pk

FULLYCONNECTEDMESHTOPOLOGY ( (FIVE DEVICES) )

Metropolitan areanetwork (MAN)

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