Pervasive Computing - Nokia

TheUbiquitousWeb,UPnPandSmartHomes
FranklinReynolds
NokiaResearchCenter,Cambridge franklin.reynolds@nokia.com
1NOKIAPCG.PPT/1562004/FranklinReynolds
OurVision
"Theessenceofthisvisionisthecreationofenvironmentssaturatedwithcomputing andwirelesscommunication,yetgracefullyintegratedwithhumanusers.Manykey buildingblocksneededforthisvisionarenowviablecommercialtechnologies: wearableandhandheldcomputers,highbandwidthwirelesscommunication,location sensingmechanisms,andsoon.Thechallengeistocombinethesetechnologies intoaseamlesswhole."
fromtheIEEEPervasiveComputingMagazine
Smart HomeASmartHomeisalivingspacesaturatedwithcomputingand communication,yetgracefullyintegratedwithhumanoccupantsandvisitors.

FranklinReynolds
SmartSpaces
SmartHomesarepartofacontinuumofsmartspaces:

PersonalSpace Smart Home WirelessWorkplace PublicSpace
Thepopularityoflocalareanetworks(WLANandBTH),homecomputers,game machines,digitalmediaandmobiledevices(phones,mediaplayers,etc.)provide thekeytechnicalfuelforsmartspaceproducts.RFIDandUWBandsmartsensors willaddmorefuel. Vendorsareincreasinglyinterestedinsmartproductsforhomes,butconsumer interestisbuildingslowlyandapplicationsarelimited
TypesofHomes
TypesofHomesandtypesofFamiliesvary: singlefamily multifamily Mobilehomes Roommates Apartments dormitories SupportforanExtendedHome otherfamilyresidences familycar remoteaccess etc. Sharedortemporaryresidencessuchashotels
SmartHome
Homeautomation(security, heating/cooling,firealarms, lights,etc.)
DVBH
Wireless Broadcast [DVB-H]
EntertainmentandMultimedia
Physical Home
GamesandSmartToys
Telepresence,VOIP,remoteaccess
DVBT/S/C Wimax
HealthCare
xDSL
Services Andcontent
Internet
Education
Mobile Networks
Work(SOHO) SmartAutos
Robots(appliances, mobilesurveillance,toys,)
UPNPForum
TheUPnPForumwasformedbyMicrosoftinJune1999. Currentmembershipexceeds730companiesandindividualsacrossmultipleindustries includingconsumerelectronics,homeandenterprisecomputing,computingservices, homeautomation,homesecurity,appliances,printing,photographyandcomputer networking. TheForumprovidesanopenprocessforcompaniestocollaborateinthedesignof deviceandservicespecificationsandprotocolstandardsfortheUPnPinitiative. TheprincipalgoalsofUPNPtechnologyaretoenabledevicestoconnectseamlesslyand tosimplifytheimplementationofnetworksinhomeandcorporateenvironments.
UPNPTechnology
IPv4autoconfig XMLbaseddeviceandservicedescriptions SOAPSimpleObjectApplicationProtocol SSDPSimpleServiceDiscoveryProtocol GENAGeneralEventNotificationArchitecture PresentationServiceWebbasedUserInterfacetodevicesandservices DeviceandServiceProfilesinclude: InternetGatewayDeviceandWLANAccessPoints PrintersandScanners,MediaServersandPlayers LightingandHomeHeating QOS,SecurityandRemoteUserInterface
DigitalLivingNetworkAlliance(DLNA)
The200+membersoftheDigitalLivingNetworkAlliance(DLNA)shareavisionofa wiredandwirelessinteroperablenetworkofPersonalComputers(PC),Consumer Electronics(CE)andmobiledevicesinthehomeenablingaseamlessenvironmentfor sharingandgrowingnewdigitalmediaandcontentservices. DLNAisfocusedondeliveringaninteroperabilityframeworkofdesignguidelinesbased onopenindustrystandardstocompletethecrossindustrydigitalconvergence. InitialemphasishasbeenonDigitalMediaServersandPlayers Technology Networkmedia:CAT5Ethernetand802.11a/b/gWLAN ProtocolsheavilybasedonIPandUPNPForumstandards MediaProductspecificationsbasedonUPNPMediaProfile SupportedMediaFormatsarebothstandardandproprietary DRMstrategiesareunderconsideration
ConsumerElectronics
CEcompaniesdontliketosellproductsthataredependentonproductsfromother companies Smarthomeswillbedeployedincrementally P2Papplicationsandadhoc,selforganizingprotocolsarepreferredover solutionsthatrequireinfrastructure CEproductsmaybedeployedfor5,10,15even20years. Backwardscompatibilityisimportant CEproductsareconstantlychanging(hopefullyimproving)duetocompetitive pressureandtheneedtomotivatehappycustomerstoreplacetheiroldstuffwith newstuff Futureproofingisimportant TherearelotsoftoolkitsandprotocolsforbuildingCEproducts Interoperabilityisachallenge
Consumersarenottrained
Consumersmakebadnetworkandsecurityadministratorsandtheyarenotgood systemsintegrators Noinfrastructureservicesshouldbeassumed Wheneverpossible,systemsshouldselforganize ManagementshouldbesimpleANDintuitive Itshardenoughtogeteverythingtoactuallyworkbutitisparticularlydifficultwhen somethingstopsworking.Mostpeoplehavenoideahowtodiagnoseorrepaira distributedsystem.Thereisasurprisingdearthofgoodtoolsfordiagnosingthesource ofaprobleminadistributedsystem. Often,minimizingthecostofcustomersupport,i.e.,thefrequencyofcustomersupport calls,isthekeytocommercialsuccess
Security
Homeswillhavevisitorslimitingphysicalaccesstothenetworkisnotsufficient Rolesandidentitiesofowners,familymembers,visitors,attackerswillchange Solutionsbasedoncentralized,mutuallytrustedthirdpartiesarenotalwaysidealfor homenetworks Homesecurityisnotjustprivacyorconfidentiality,itisalsosafety Anecdotalreportssuggestthattrainednetworksecurityadministratorsmakea significantnumberoferrorsendusersneedsimpleandintuitivesecuritypolicy managementtools Perhapssecuritymechanismsandpolicymanagementtoolsshouldmimicthe behaviorofrealworldsecuritymechanisms
ModelMisMatch
Oftenthereisnobrowsertheinteractionismachinetomachineinsteadofhuman tomachine Notallinteractionsarerequest/response Somecommunicationisonetomany Therealworldisnoteasilymodeledasadecentralizeddatastoreofpages deviceoperationsarenotintrinsicallyidempotent devicesmayhavemodifiablestate communicationmaycauseobservableandpersistentsideeffects devicesmovefromonenetworktoanotherIPaddressesandDNShostnames changeURLsmustcope securityrisksincludethreatstophysicalsafety
ServiceDiscoveryShouldBeUbiquitous
Dynamicdiscoveryofdevices,servicesandcontentisessential ServiceDiscoveryprotocols(UDDI,SLP,Bonjour,SSDP,etc.)areincompatibleit wouldbeniceifwecouldatleaststandardizeonsomeformatsandvocabularies Discoveryprotocolsforhomesshouldbeabletooperateinap2pmode,theyshould notrequireinfrastructurelikeDNSserverstofunction ExperiencehasshownthevalueofrichdescriptionsthatarenotlimitedtoAPIs (WSDLisnotenough) UPNPhasdemonstratedthevalueofbeingabletodiscovertheUItoadeviceor service ServiceDiscoveryshouldbeintegratedwithURIs http://(device=printer,color=yes)/...
HTTPandSOAP
EmbeddedsystemsoftenneedabetterpartialfailuremodelthanHTTP,inpart, becausedevicemethodsmaynotbeidempotentorbecauseofsideeffects.Though itisworthnotingthatintodayshomeapplications,thesemanticsofHTTPare usuallygoodenough. SOAP+HTTPisextremelyverbose,butsurprisingly,thisisnotaseriousproblem formostsignalingneedsintodaysapplications.Asyouwouldexpect,theproblems areonthelowendandhighendofperformancerequirements SOAPandXMLSchemasgivesufficientsupportfordefinitionofrichdatatypes WSDLorUPNPsFleXMLprovidecanactasareasonableIDLforapplicationsnot basedonmobilecode
UserInterface
WebbrowserswouldseemtoprovideanexcellentUItodevices,excepttheydont Pageatatimemodelisnotalwaysnaturalwhendealingwithdevices UIisaVeryImportantdistinguishingfeatureandpageatatimedoesnotprovide enoughcontrol Browsersrequestpages,butsometimesdeviceswanttoannouncestatechanges Clientsfrequentlydoalotofwork,notdirectlyrelatedtorendering,includingmulti componentinteractionsandcoordination.Howdoesthatdoesgetdeployed?Itis hardtoaddnewprotocolstobrowsersforinteractingwithnewdevicesatruntime Java,AJAXandsimilarrecentideasareinterestingtechnologiesbutmoreworkis needed
Summary
UsersarenotverygoodSystemIntegrators SmartHomeswillbedeployedinanadhocfashionandtheywillconstantlychange Intherealworld,securityisaboutmorethanintegrityandconfidentialityofdata NetworkedDeviceandServicesarenotnaturallymodeledasauserbrowsingWeb pages TypicalConsumerElectronicsCompanieshavedifferentbusinessmodelsthan typicalWebContentproviders
Questions?
ContactInformation OntheWeb: FranklinReynolds(Franklin.Reynolds@nokia.com) http://research.nokia.com/people/franklin_reynolds/index.html PervasiveComputingGroup NokiaResearchCenter,Cambridge http://research.nokia.com/locations/cambridge/index.html Intherealworld: NokiaResearchCenter 3CambridgeCenter 2ndFloor, Cambridge,MA02142

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TheUbiquitousWeb,UPnPandSmartHomes

Smart HomeASmartHomeisalivingspacesaturatedwithcomputingand communication,yetgracefullyintegratedwithhumanoccupantsandvisitors.

PersonalSpace Smart Home WirelessWorkplace PublicSpace

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