Geotechnics

ENGINEERING PRACTICE WITH PLAXIS

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Outline

A Case Study from Geotechnical Investigation to Finite Element Analysis; Different Types of Applications: o Footings; o Pile Foundation and Bridge; o Tunnels o Retaining Structures and Excavations; o Embankment, Dam and Seawall;

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A Case Study

Project Locality Map; Site Geology and Geotechnical Investigation; Geotechnical Parameters Adopted; PLAXIS Modelling; Structures Modelled: Stockpile, Tunnel, Retaining Wall, and Footing.

Geotechnics

A Case Study

FOLLOWING SLIDES DELETED

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Practical Applications

Footings; Pile Foundation and Bridge; Tunnels; Retaining Structures and Excavations; Embankment, Dam and Seawall; Dynamic Analysis: Earthquake Analysis for Tailing Dam; (By J Liang);

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Footing

Mine Site Crusher, Zambia

10

11 A A A 6 32 8 7 70 A 74 72 73 71 6039 65 A 6240 67 63 64 61 68 69 66

A 5 19 A 13

A 20 22 A 12 21

15

34

33

26

31 9 A 17 2 45 1 A 30 55

29 A 56 57 A 58 59 4

A 28 A 18 16 A 51 41 52 53 3

14 42 48 4

23

24 47

25 46 35 37 49

0 36 38 50

27

44 43

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Footing

Mine Site Crusher, Zambia

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Bridges @ NPBH and MER

The Kwinana Freeway extension and Forrest Highway : 70.5 kilometres of dual carriageway; Six interchanges provide access to the Kwinana Freeway extension 19 bridges were constructed @ NPBH. PLAXIS: Abutment, Embankment, Reinforced Earth Wall and Tunnel;

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Bridges @ NPBH and MER

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Bridges @ NPBH and MER

Piled Abutment
A A

0 59 Y 2 7 9 X 10

1 60 3 56 8 38 4 0 3 7 48 39 11 4 2 5 5 52 3 8 4 5 12 4 4 5 6 53 45 18 50 43 62 6 13 15

57

14

21

20 19

16

17 61 47 6 2 4 51 4

22 27 29 70 68

23 28 26 6 3 6 5 67 25

30

69 6 4 3 1 66 4 1 5 4 49 32

33

34

35

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Tunnel @ NPBH and MER

Tunnel

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Tunnel @ NPBH and MER

Tunnel

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Retaining Wall and Excavation

Structural Elements: o - Walls; o - Ground Anchors; o - Interface.

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Retaining Wall and Excavation

Plate and shells

Anchors

Geogrid

Interface

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Retaining Wall and Excavation

Plate

Input Parameters
Flexural rigidity EI = Eh3b/12 (b=1) Normal stiffness EA = Ehb (b=1)

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Retaining Wall and Excavation

Anchor

Node-to-Node Anchor
Elasto-plastic spring To model anchors, rods Connecting two geometry points Pre-stressing option

Fixed-End Anchor
Elasto-plastic spring To model supports, strut One end fixed to point in geometry and one fully fixed with displacement Pre-stressing option

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Retaining Wall and Excavation

Geogrid

3 or 5 noded line element Linear elastic behaviour No flexural rigidity (EI), only normal stiffness (EA) Only allows for tension, not for compression Soil/Geogrid interaction may be modelled using interfaces

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Retaining Wall and Excavation

Ground Anchor

Combination of node-to-node anchor and geogrid Node-to-node anchor represents anchor rod (no interaction with surrounding soil) Geogrid represents grout body (full interaction with grid) No interface around grout body; interface would create unrealistic failure surface

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Retaining Wall and Excavation

Interfaces

Soil-structure interaction
Wall friction Slip and gapping between soil and structure

Soil material properties

Taken from soil using reduction factor Rinter Cinter = Rinter * Csoil tan( )inter = Rinter * tan( )soil Individual material set for interface

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Retaining Wall and Excavation

Interfaces Suggestions for Rinter:

Interaction sand/steel = Rinter 0.6 0.7 Interaction clay/steel = Rinter 0.5 Interaction sand/concrete = Rinter 1.0 0.8 Interaction clay/concrete = Rinter 1.0 0.7 Interaction soil/geogrid = Rinter 1.0 (interface may not be required) Interaction soil/geotextile = Rinter 0.9 0.5 (foil, textile)

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Retaining Wall @ NPBH and MER

Retaining Wall

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Retaining Structures

Soil Anchor Wall, West Perth

B A 0 6

B A 19 1 7

2 8 21 28 3 9 29 16 31

20 23 22 25

24 15 30

14

10 17 11

18

12 13

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Retaining Structures

Diaphragm Wall

PICTURE DELETED

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Embankment, Dam and Seawall

Embankments for roads and other services

Well suited for numerical analysis; Plane strain analysis; Construction stages.

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Embankment, Dam and Seawall

Construction Stages

Division in a number of layers Construction of a new row of elements; In Plaxis, all elements are generated in the mesh generation stage but all incorporated to the stiffness a the appropriate stage.

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Embankment, Dam and Seawall

Analysis of Stages Construction Staged construction with consolidation is used when the foundation is unable to support the full embankment in the short term; By allowing consolidation between construction stages, the foundation strength increases and its deformation reduces; The full embankment can then be constructed without failure.

1 stage

1 stage consolidation

2 stage

2 stage consolidation

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Embankment, Dam and Seawall

Dam Construction stages; Long term seepage; Rapid drawndown.

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Embankment, Dam and Seawall

Causeway

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Embankment, Dam and Seawall

Causeway
A A

19 17 11 5 3 0 X Y 9 8 13 15

18 16 14 12 10 7 6 4 2 1

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Embankment, Dam and Seawall

Causeway

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Embankment, Dam and Seawall

Seawall
23 24 20 21 1718 1415 6566 45 59 08 41 39 Y 36 34 35 71 28 33 70 25 27 1 10 12 7 9 11 13 6 42 43 40 44 22 38 37 32 31 30 69 29 26 68 2 X

19 16 5 60 72 4 57 67 58 3 63 61 48 64 62

50 53 56 52 55 49 51 54

46

47

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Dynamic Analysis (J. Liang)

Tailing Dam Seismic Analysis

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Dynamic Analysis (J. Liang)

Tailing Dam

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