Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
2
Axial Stress in the pipe (Sa) =
Ac
T
D P
4
Expansion due to Axial Stress ( L1) =
a
S
E
L
Contraction Due to Hoop Stress ( L2) =
h
S
E
L
Total Pressure Expansion =
2 1
L L
Total Pressure Expansion = ( ) [ ]
h a
S S
E
L
As
a
h
S
S
=
2
So
Total Pressure Expansion = ( )
(
\
|
h
h
S
S
E
L
2
Virtual Anchor Calculations Prepared By Shahid
C:\Stresses\Pipeline Anchor Length Calculations.doc Page 3 of 3
Total Pressure Expansion = ( ) |
\
|
2
1
E
S L
h
Pressure Exp. Force =
L
L
A E
FEx(P) = ( ) 5 . 0
h
S A .(2)
So Adding (1) and (2) we get:
FEx = ( ) ( ) ( ) + 5 . 0
h
S A T A E (3)
Friction Force at Soil/Pipe interface:
Weight of soil over pipe = ( )
S a
L H D .
Weight of Pipe along this length =
a P
L A
Weight of Fluid Inside Pipe =
a F
I
L
D
|
|
\
|
4
2
Total Pipe Weight (WP) =
a P
L A +
a F
I
L
D
|
|
\
|
4
2
The Frictional Force (FF) = ( ) [ ]
P a S
W L H D + 2 ...(4)
At virtual anchor this force must be equal to the force due to expansion. So equating (3) &
(4) we get,
( ) ( ) ( ) + 5 . 0
h
S A T A E = ( ) [ ]
P a S
W L H D + 2
So rearranging we get the length of Virtual Anchor from point of entry:
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ +
+
=
F
I
P S
h
a
D
A H D
S A T A E
L
4
2
5 . 0
2