Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the company known as AT&T since 2005. For the original AT&T (American Telephone & Telegraph) founded in 1885, see AT&T Corporation. For other uses, see AT&T (disambiguation). AT&T Inc.
Type
Public NYSE: T Dow Jones Industrial Average Traded as Component S&P 500 Component Industry Telecommunications American Telephone and Telegraph Predecessor(s) Company Founded October 5, 1983[1] Founder(s) Alexander Graham Bell Whitacre Tower, Downtown, Headquarters Dallas, Texas, United States Randall Stephenson Key people [2]
(Chairman & CEO)
Services Revenue Operating income Net income Total assets Total equity Employees Subsidiaries
Fixed line and mobile telephony, broadband and fixed-line internet services, digital television US$ 127.434 billion (2012) US$ 12.997 billion (2012) US$ 7.3 billion (2012) US$ 272.315 billion (2012) US$ 92.695 billion (2012) 241,810 (2012)[3] AT&T Corp. AT&T Mobility BellSouth
Website
AT&T Inc. is an American multinational telecommunications corporation headquartered in Whitacre Tower, downtown Dallas, Texas.[4] AT&T is the largest provider both of mobile telephony and of fixed telephony[5] in the United States, and also provides broadband subscription television services. AT&T is the third-largest company in Texas (the largest non-oil company, behind only ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips, and also the largest Dallas company).[6] As of April 2012, AT&T is the 17th largest company in the world by market value,[7] and the 13th largest non-oil company.[8] As of 2012, it is also the 20th largest mobile telecom operator in the world, with over 106 million mobile customers.[9] The current iteration of AT&T Inc. began its existence as Southwestern Bell Corporation, one of seven Regional Bell Operating Companies created in 1983 in the divestiture of parent company American Telephone and Telegraph Company (founded 1885, later AT&T Corp.) due to the United States v. AT&T antitrust lawsuit. Southwestern Bell changed its name to SBC Communications Inc. in 1995. In 2005, SBC purchased former parent AT&T Corp. and took on its branding, with the merged entity naming itself AT&T Inc. and using the iconic AT&T Corp. logo and stock-trading symbol. The current AT&T reconstitutes much of the former Bell System and includes ten of the original 22 Bell Operating Companies, along with one it partially owned (Southern New England Telephone), and the original long distance division.[10]
Contents
o o o o o
6.3 Privacy controversy 6.4 Intellectual property filtering 6.5 Discrimination against local Public-access television channels 6.6 Information security 6.7 Accusations of enabling fraud
8 Global presence 9 Enterprise SIP Trunking Services 10 Alliances 11 See also 12 References 13 External links
History
Main article: History of AT&T
Whitacre Tower: AT&T's corporate headquarters in Dallas, Texas AT&T can indirectly trace its history back to the original Bell Telephone Company founded by Alexander Graham Bell after his invention of the telephone. One of that company's subsidiaries was American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T), established in 1885, which acquired the Bell Company on December 31, 1899 for legal reasons, leaving AT&T as the main company. AT&T established a network of subsidiaries in the United States that held a governmentauthorized phone service monopoly, formalized with the Kingsbury Commitment, throughout most of the twentieth century. This monopoly was known as the Bell System, and during this period, AT&T was also known by the nickname Ma Bell. For periods of time, the former AT&T was the world's largest phone company. In 1984, US regulators broke up the AT&T monopoly, requiring AT&T to divest its regional subsidiaries and turning them each into individual companies. These new companies were known as Regional Bell Operating Companies, or more informally, Baby Bells. AT&T continued to operate long distance services, but thanks to the breakup, faced competition from new competitors such as MCI and Sprint. Southwestern Bell was one of the companies created by the breakup of AT&T. It wasn't long before the company started a series of acquisitions. This includes the 1987 acquisition of Metromedia mobile business, and the acquisition of several cable companies in the early 1990s. In the later half of the 1990s, the company acquired several other telecommunications companies, including some baby bells, while selling its cable business. During this time, the company changed its name to SBC Communications. By 1998, the company was in the top 15 of the Fortune 500, and by 1999 the company was part of the Dow Jones index. In 2005, SBC purchased AT&T for $16 billion. After this purchase, SBC adopted the AT&T name and brand. The original 1885 AT&T still exists as the long-distance phone subsidiary of this company. Today, the current AT&T owns 11 of the original 24 Bell System companies.
AT&T today is the seventh-largest company in the United States and the 14th largest in the world. It provides landline phone service, long-distance, mobile phone service and cable television service.
AT&T payphone signage. Of the twenty-four companies that were part of the Bell System, eleven are a part of the current AT&T:[19]
BellSouth Telecommunications (formerly known as Southern Bell; includes former South Central Bell) Illinois Bell Indiana Bell Michigan Bell Ohio Bell Pacific Bell (formerly Pacific Telephone & Telegraph)
o
Southwestern Bell Wisconsin Bell (formerly Wisconsin Telephone) Southern New England Telephone Now wholly owned; the original AT&T held 16.8% interest prior to 1984.
Southwestern Bell Texas a separate operating company created by SBC, absorbed operations of original SWBT on December 30, 2001 and became Southwestern Bell Telephone, L.P.; eventually merged into SWBT Inc. in 2007 which became the current Southwestern Bell Woodbury Telephone merged into Southern New England Telephone on June 1, 2007.
Corporate structure
AT&T office in San Antonio, Texas with new logo and orange highlight from the former Cingular AT&T Inc. has retained the holding companies it has acquired over the years resulting in the following corporate structure:
AT&T Inc., publicly traded holding company o Southwestern Bell Telephone Company d/b/a AT&T Arkansas, AT&T Kansas, AT&T Missouri, AT&T Oklahoma, AT&T Southwest, AT&T Texas
o
AT&T Teleholdings, Inc. d/b/a AT&T East, AT&T Midwest, AT&T West; formerly Ameritech, acquired in 1999; absorbed Pacific Telesis and SNET Corp. under AT&T ownership
Illinois Bell Telephone Company d/b/a AT&T Illinois Indiana Bell Telephone Company d/b/a AT&T Indiana Michigan Bell Telephone Company d/b/a AT&T Michigan The Ohio Bell Telephone Company d/b/a AT&T Ohio Pacific Bell Telephone Company d/b/a AT&T California
The Southern New England Telephone Company d/b/a AT&T Connecticut (includes former Woodbury Telephone) Wisconsin Bell, Inc. d/b/a AT&T Wisconsin
AT&T Alascom
BellSouth Telecommunications, LLC d/b/a AT&T Alabama, AT&T Florida, AT&T Georgia, AT&T Louisiana, AT&T Kentucky, AT&T
Mississippi, AT&T North Carolina, AT&T South Carolina, AT&T Southeast, AT&T Tennessee
o
AT&T Mobility
Corporate governance
Stephenson at the 2008 World Economic Forum AT&T's current board of directors:[21]
Randall L. Stephenson Chairman and Chief Executive Officer James H. Blanchard Gilbert F. Amelio Reuben V. Anderson Jaime Chico Pardo James P. Kelly Jon C. Madonna Lynn M. Martin John B. McCoy Joyce M. Roch Matthew K. Rose Laura D'Andrea Tyson
AT&T has received criticisms for its wireless services. In December 2010, Consumer Reports named AT&T as the worst wireless provider in the country.[22] In 2011, AT&T has been rated the worst wireless provider for the second year in a row.[23] In 2012, AT&T came under scrutiny for throttling the speed of data delivered to consumers with an unlimited data plan. The company has claimed that, despite its claim of network speeds, it is within its legal rights to reduce the speed of data to consumers who reach preset thresholds. In May 2012, Matt Spaccarelli, a truck driver, won a small claims lawsuit against the company for slowing down his service. A Simi Valley, California judge awarded Spaccarelli $850, agreeing that "unlimited" service shouldn't be subject to slowdowns.[24] Additionally, AT&T's user agreement does not permit class-action suits against the company.[25]
Censorship
In August 2007, the band Pearl Jam performed in Chicago at Lollapalooza which was being webbroadcast by AT&T. The band, while playing the song "Daughter", started playing a version of Pink Floyd's "Another Brick in the Wall" but with altered lyrics critical of president George Bush. These lyrics included "George Bush, leave this world alone!" and, "George Bush, find yourself another home!". Listeners to AT&T's web broadcast heard only the first line because the rest was censored,[26] although AT&T spokesman Michael Coe said that the silencing was "a mistake."[27] In September 2007, AT&T changed[28] their legal policy to state that "AT&T may immediately terminate or suspend all or a portion of your Service, any Member ID, electronic mail address, IP address, Universal Resource Locator or domain name used by you, without notice for conduct that AT&T believes"..."(c) tends to damage the name or reputation of AT&T, or its parents, affiliates and subsidiaries."[29] By October 10, 2007 AT&T had altered the terms and conditions for its Internet service to explicitly support freedom of expression by its subscribers, after an outcry claiming the company had given itself the right to censor its subscribers' transmissions.[30] Section 5.1 of AT&T's new terms of service now reads "AT&T respects freedom of expression and believes it is a foundation of our free society to express differing points of view. AT&T will not terminate, disconnect or suspend service because of the views you or we express on public policy matters, political issues or political campaigns."[31] On July 26, 2009, AT&T customers were unable to access certain sections of the image board 4chan, specifically /b/ (the "random" board) and /r9k/ (the "ROBOT 9000" board, a spin-off of the random board).[32] However, by the morning of Monday, July 27, the block had been lifted and access to the affected boards was restored. AT&T's official reason for the block was that a distributed denial of service attack had originated from the img.4chan.org server, and access was blocked to stop the attack.[33] Major news outlets have reported that the issue may be related to DDoSing of 4chan, and that the suspicions of 4chan users fell on AnonTalk.com (later AnonTalk.se) at that time for doing this.[34]
Privacy controversy
Diagram of how alleged wiretapping worked. From EFF court filings[35] Further information: NSA call database, Mark Klein, NSA warrantless surveillance controversy, Hepting v. AT&T In 2006, the Electronic Frontier Foundation lodged a class action lawsuit, Hepting v. AT&T, which alleged that AT&T had allowed agents of the National Security Agency (NSA) to monitor phone and Internet communications of AT&T customers without warrants. If true, this would violate the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 and the First and Fourth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution. AT&T has yet to confirm or deny that monitoring by the NSA is occurring. In April 2006, a retired former AT&T technician, Mark Klein, lodged an affidavit supporting this allegation.[36][37] The Department of Justice has stated they will intervene in this lawsuit by means of State Secrets Privilege.[38] In July 2006, the United States District Court for the Northern District of California in which the suit was filed rejected a federal government motion to dismiss the case. The motion to dismiss, which invoked the State Secrets Privilege, had argued that any court review of the alleged partnership between the federal government and AT&T would harm national security. The case was immediately appealed to the Ninth Circuit. It was dismissed on June 3, 2009, citing retroactive legislation in the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act.[citation needed] In May 2006, USA Today reported that all international and domestic calling records had been handed over to the National Security Agency by AT&T, Verizon, SBC, and BellSouth for the purpose of creating a massive calling database.[39] The portions of the new AT&T that had been part of SBC Communications before November 18, 2005 were not mentioned. On June 21, 2006, the San Francisco Chronicle reported that AT&T had rewritten rules on their privacy policy. The policy, which took effect June 23, 2006, says that "AT&T not customers owns customers' confidential info and can use it 'to protect its legitimate business interests, safeguard others, or respond to legal process.' "[40]
On August 22, 2007, National Intelligence Director Mike McConnell confirmed that AT&T was one of the telecommunications companies that assisted with the government's warrantless wiretapping program on calls between foreign and domestic sources.[41] On November 8, 2007, Mark Klein, a former AT&T technician, told Keith Olbermann of MSNBC that all Internet traffic passing over AT&T lines was copied into a locked room at the company's San Francisco office to which only employees with National Security Agency clearance had access.[42] AT&T keeps for five to seven years a record of who text messages whom and the date and time, but not the content of the messages.[43]
Information security
In June 2010, a hacker group known as Goatse Security discovered a vulnerability within the AT&T that could allow anyone to uncover email addresses belonging to customers of AT&T 3G service for the Apple iPad.[47] These email addresses could be accessed without a protective
password.[48] Using a script, Goatse Security collected thousands of email addresses from AT&T. [47] Goatse Security informed AT&T about the security flaw through a third party.[49] Goatse Security then disclosed around 114,000 of these emails to Gawker Media, which published an article about the security flaw and disclosure in Valleywag.[47][49] Praetorian Security Group criticized the web application that Goatse Security exploited as "poorly designed".[47]
AT&T Midtown Center in Atlanta, Georgia AT&T 220 Building building in Indianapolis, Indiana AT&T Building building in Detroit, Michigan
AT&T Building building in Kingman, Arizona AT&T Building (aka "The Batman Building") in Nashville, Tennessee AT&T Building building in Omaha, Nebraska AT&T Building Addition building in Detroit, Michigan AT&T Center building in Los Angeles AT&T Center building in St. Louis, Missouri AT&T City Center building in Birmingham, Alabama AT&T Corporate Center building in Chicago, Illinois AT&T Huron Road Building building in Cleveland, Ohio AT&T Lenox Park Campus AT&T Mobility Headquarters in DeKalb County just outside Atlanta, Georgia AT&T Midtown Center building in Atlanta, Georgia AT&T Switching Center building in Los Angeles AT&T Switching Center building in Oakland, California AT&T Switching Center building in San Francisco AT&T Building building in San Diego Whitacre Tower (One AT&T Plaza) Corporate Headquarters, Dallas, Texas Sony Tower, (formerly the AT&T Building) AT&T Tower building in Jacksonville, FL
Venues
AT&T Center in San Antonio, Texas AT&T Center San Antonio, Texas (formerly SBC Center) AT&T Field Chattanooga, Tennessee (formerly BellSouth Park)
AT&T Park San Francisco (formerly Pacific Bell Park, SBC Park) AT&T Plaza Chicago, Illinois (public space that hosts the Cloud Gate sculpture in Millennium Park) AT&T Plaza Dallas, Texas (plaza in front of the American Airlines Center at Victory Park) AT&T Performing Arts Center Dallas, Texas Jones AT&T Stadium Lubbock, Texas (formerly Clifford B. and Audrey Jones Stadium, Jones SBC Stadium) TPC San Antonio San Antonio, Texas (AT&T Oaks Course & AT&T Canyons Course)
Sponsorships
AT&T sponsors the annual Red River Rivalry football game AT&T Champions Classic Valencia, California AT&T Classic Atlanta, Georgia (formerly BellSouth Classic)
AT&T Cotton Bowl Classic (formerly Mobil Cotton Bowl Classic, Southwestern Bell Cotton Bowl Classic, SBC Cotton Bowl Classic) played in Arlington, Texas, at Cowboys Stadium. AT&T National Washington, D.C. AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am AT&T Red River Rivalry Dallas, Texas (formerly Red River Shootout, SBC Red River Rivalry) Major League Soccer and the United States Soccer Federation, including the U.S. men's and U.S. women's national teams and the Major League Soccer All-Star Game from 2009 United States Olympic team[51] National Collegiate Athletic Association (Corporate Champion)[52]
Miscellaneous
Global presence
AT&T offers services in many locations throughout the Asia Pacific; its regional headquarters is located in Hong Kong.[53]
Alliances
On July 9, 2008, former Bell Companies AT&T, Verizon Communications and Qwest Communications partnered in launching a website called Movearoo.com.[56] The website shows which service provider is available in any area of the United States.[57] On October 29, 2012 AT&T announced its support in the PMA (Power Matters Alliance) and its membership in the PMA board, along with Google and Starbucks, in order to create a real-world ecosystem of wireless power and to ensure mobile devices never run out of power.[58]
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: AT&T
Dallas-Fort Worth portal Texas portal Companies portal
AT&T Corporation AT&T Internet Services AT&T Mobility att.net Bell System Bell System Divestiture Communications Assistance For Law Enforcement Act Hepting v. AT&T Lists of public utilities
Modification of Final Judgment NSA warrantless surveillance Pacific Bell PRX (telephony) Regional Bell Operating Company Toktumi Tying of the iPhone to AT&T
References
1. ^ "Sec 8-k" (Press release). AT&T. April 28, 2006. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved September 29, 2007. 2. ^ "Randall L. Stephenson, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President". Retrieved August 14, 2011. 3. 4. ^ "2011 Form 10-K, AT&T Inc". United States Securities and Exchange Commission. ^ Godinez, Victor and David McLemore. "AT&T moving headquarters to Dallas from San Antonio." The Dallas Morning News. Saturday June 28, 2008. Retrieved on June 18, 2009. ^ Leichtman Research Group, "Research Notes," First Quarter 2012, pg. 6, AT&T (#1) with 21,232,000 residential phone lines. ^ "Fortune 500 2010: States: Texas Companies - FORTUNE on CNNMoney.com". Money. May 3, 2010. Archived from the original on 7 August 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2010. ^ "AT&T". Forbes. April 2012. Retrieved December 1, 2012. ^ "The World's Biggest Public Companies". Forbes. Retrieved December 1, 2012. 9. 10.
11.
5. 6.
7. 8.
^ "AT&T Reports Record 2.8 Million Wireless Net Adds, Strong U-verse Sales, Continued Revenue Gains in the Fourth Quarter". AT&T. Retrieved November 28, 2011. ^ Kleinfield, Sonny (1981). The biggest company on earth: a profile of AT&T. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. ISBN 978-0-03-045326-7. ^ "Top All-Time Donors, 19892012", OpenSecrets.org (United States: Center for Responsive Politics), 2011, retrieved Dec 9, 2011
12.
^ a b Kang, Cecelia; Jia Lynn Yang (Dec 9, 2011), "How AT&T fumbled its $39 billion bid to acquire T-Mobile", The Washington Post, washingtonpost.com, retrieved Dec 9, 2011 ^ "AT&T Inc: Totals", OpenSecrets.org (United States: Center for Responsive Politics), 2011, retrieved Dec 9, 2011 ^ "AT&T Inc". The Center For Responsive Politics. Archived from the original on Sep 30, 2007. Retrieved September 29, 2007. ^ Drinkard, Jim (January 17, 2005). "Donors get good seats, great access this week". USA Today. Retrieved May 25, 2008. ^ "Financing the inauguration". USA Today. January 16, 2005. Retrieved May 25, 2008. ^ "Some question inaugural's multi-million price tag". USA Today. Associated Press. January 14, 2005. Retrieved May 25, 2008. ^ "Private Enterprise Board | ALEC American Legislative Exchange Council". Alec.org. Retrieved 2012-05-11. ^ "Agreements Between SNET America, Inc. (SAI) DBA AT&T Long Distance East, and AT&T Telephone Companies". AT&T. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved September 29, 2007. ^ [1] ^ "Current board of directors at AT&T.com". Att.com. Retrieved November 28, 2011. ^ "Consumer Reports Names AT&T Worst Wireless Service Provider". Time. December 6, 2010. Retrieved December 6, 2010. ^ Shawn Knight. "AT&T rated worst wireless provider for second year in a row". techspot.com. Retrieved December 6, 2011. ^ "AT&T Comes Clean On Throttling 'Unlimited' Data". Huffington Post. March 1, 2012. ^ Why You Can't Sue Your Wireless Carrier In a Class-action ^ Grossberg, Josh (August 9, 2007). "AT&T's Pearl Jamming?". E Online. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved September 29, 2007. ^ Roberts, Michelle (August 10, 2007). "AT&T: Pearl Jam edit a mistake". The Seattle Times. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved September 29, 2007. ^ Fisher, Ken (October 1, 2007). "AT&T threatens to disconnect subscribers who criticize the company". Arstechnica.com. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
28.
^ "AT&T Legal Policy". AT&T. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved September 29, 2007. ^ Martin H. Bosworth. "AT&T Changes Terms Of Service After Outcry". Consumeraffairs.com. Retrieved November 28, 2011. ^ "AT&T Legal Policy". Att.net. May 2, 2011. Retrieved November 28, 2011. ^ Kincaid, Jason (July 26, 2009). "AT&T Reportedly Blocks 4chan. This Is Going To Get Ugly". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on 30 July 2009. Retrieved July 27, 2009. ^ Cheng, Jacqui (July 27, 2009). "AT&T: 4chan block due to DDoS attack coming from 4chan IPs". Ars Technica. Retrieved July 28, 2009. ^ Feared Hackers Call Off Attack on AT&T. Tuesday, July 28, 2009. Retrieved July 28, 2009 ^ "Klein Exhibit" Document from Hepting vs AT&T lawsuit from 2007. Reported by Ryan Singel in Wired Magazine, article "AT&T 'Spy Room' Documents Unsealed; You've Already Seen Them" June 13, 2007, Documents posted at the Electronic Frontier Foundation website: (File "SER_klein_exhibits.pdf") ^ Nakashima, Ellen, "A Story of Surveillance", Washington Post, November 7, 2007 ^ Singel, Ryan (April 7, 2006). "Whistle-Blower Outs NSA Spy Room". Wired. Retrieved September 29, 2007. ^ "Government Moves to Intervene in AT&T Surveillance Case" (Press release). Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF). April 28, 2006. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved September 29, 2007. ^ Cauley, Leslie (May 11, 2006). "NSA has massive database of Americans' phone calls". USA Today. Retrieved September 29, 2007. ^ Lazarus, David (June 21, 2006). "AT&T Rewrites Rules: Your Data Isn't Yours". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on 12 November 2007. Retrieved September 29, 2007. ^ Shrader, Katherine (August 22, 2007). "Spy Chief Reveals Classified Surveillance Details". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 13 September 2007. Retrieved September 29, 2007. ^ Olbermann, Keith (November 8, 2007). "Whistleblower Saw AT&T Assist Bush Administration". MSNBC. Archived from the original on 10 November 2007. Retrieved November 10, 2007. ^ "Document Shows How Phone Cos. Treat Private Data". Associated Press. September 29, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2011. "T-Mobile USA doesn't keep any
39. 40.
41.
42.
43.
information on Web browsing activity. Verizon, on the other hand, keeps some information for up to a year that can be used to ascertain if a particular phone visited a particular Web site. According to the sheet, Sprint Nextel Corp.'s Virgin Mobile brand keeps the text content of text messages for three months. Verizon keeps it for three to five days. None of the other carriers keep texts at all, but they keep records of who texted who for more than a year. The document says AT&T keeps for five to seven years a record of who text messages who and when, but not the content of the messages. Virgin Mobile only keeps that data for two to three months." 44.
45. 46.
^ a b Wu, Tim (January 16, 2008). "Has AT&T Lost Its Mind? A baffling proposal to filter the Internet". Slate. ^ "AT&T's Proposed Filtering Policy Is Bad News Netiquette MSNBC.com". MSNBC. January 25, 2008. Retrieved November 28, 2011. ^ a b c d (March 9, 2009) "AT&T Accused of Discriminating Against Local Public Access Channels, Deadline for Public Comment Expires Tonight", Democracy Now!, retrieved on March 13, 2009. ^ a b c d Keizer, Gregg (June 10, 2010). "'Brute force' script snatched iPad e-mail addresses". Computerworld. Retrieved September 18, 2010. ^ Keizer, Gregg (June 11, 2010). "iPad e-mail hackers defend attack as 'ethical'". Computerworld. p. 2. Retrieved September 25, 2010. ^ a b Keizer, Gregg (June 11, 2010). "iPad e-mail hackers defend attack as 'ethical'". Computerworld. p. 1. Retrieved September 25, 2010. ^ "Welcome to the United States Department of Justice". Justice.gov. 2012-0322. Retrieved 2012-05-11. ^ "Teamusa.org". Teamusa.org. Retrieved November 28, 2011. ^ "NCAA.org". NCAA.org. December 14, 2007. Retrieved November 28, 2011. ^ "Corp.att.com". Corp.att.com. Retrieved November 28, 2011. ^ Matthew Nickasch, Network World. "Toshiba Announces AT&T SIP Trunking Interoperability." August 19, 2008. Retrieved October 12, 2011. ^ Paul Korzeniowski, Information Week. "AT&T VPN Service Gains Its Voice." August 24, 2010. Retrieved October 12, 2011. ^ Movearoo.com ^ O'Shea, Dan (July 9, 2012). "Telcos move in unison with Movearoo.com". fiercetelecom.com. ^ Gilbert, Ben (October 29, 2012). "Starbucks, Google and AT&T back PMA standard". engadget.com.
47.
48.
49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.