SCH4C

Organic Chemistry Cheat Sheet Ethers An organic compound hat has two alkyl groups attached to an oxygen atom. Drawing: Good solvents Relatively high boiling points Often used as anaesthetics. Naming: use prefix oxy after first prefix (meth, eth, prop, etc) Naming: Add oxy as suffix for smaller hydrocarbon. Alcohols Naming: (use suffix, yl)

Unit 3

Alkanes / Alkenes / Alkynes Alkanes: 1 bond between carbons, ends in ane. Alkenes: 2 bond, ends in ene. Alkynes: 3 bond, ends in yne. Use prefixes for these. (meth, eth, prop, etc)

Drawing:

(methoxyethane) Aldehydes Naming: Take parent alkane name and add al to the end. (Eg: methanal) Drawing:

Ketones Naming: Take the parent alkane name and add one to the end. (example, propanone) Drawing:

Carboxylic Acids Naming: 2 parts Tells number of carbons, (meth, eth, prop, etc) Suffix anoic acid (eg,methanoic acid) Drawing:

Amines Naming: Add amino as prefix. (eg amino methane) Drawing: Amides Naming: (ex: butanoic acid + aminomethane = methyl butanamide) Drawing:

Esters Also see Esterification. Naming: 2 parts, from alcohol & acid. Change suffic from anoic to anoate. (Example: ethanol + butanoic acid = ethyl butanoate) Drawing:

Isomers Compounds that have the same formula,but different structures and properties. (EXAMPLE: 1- butene, 2-butene.) Addition Reactions example: ethene + H2 = ethane. Hydrogens break double bond and make an alkane not alkene. Esterification Organic compounds formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol

Complete/Incomplete Combustion Complete: When there is enough oxygen present, hydrocarbons react completely to form CO2 and water. Incomplete: Not enough oxygen, forms CO2, water & side products, CO and C (soot)
Definitions structural formula: diagram, condensed formula: simplified (CH3CH2CH3), molecular formula: gives symbols, counts up atoms C4H10

Substitution Reactions A functional group in a particular chemical compound is replaced by another group. Polymers Large molecules that are made by linking together many smaller monomer molecules Synthetic polymers make up plastics Addition polymers monomers, result from the addition of subunits that contain 2 or 3 C- C bonds. These become single, when connecting with monomers. Condensation formed when monomer units are linked through condensation reactions. Forms polyesters and polyamides.

Definitions Functional groups: Organic compounds families. Three types (1)double and triple bonds between C atoms, (2) carbon bonded to a more electronegative atom, (3) carbon bonded to oxygen

Definitions