1.

0 INTRODUCTION

As a teacher, we hold a lot of responsible need to be done with successful objective or aims. Besides, teachers also always face many problems that occur at school especially in classroom. Teacher need to think critically and always to analyses any approaches in how to ensure teaching process flow effective and efficient, how to create good environment of the classroom, how to manage the behavior of student and others. If the teacher can handle and solve all the problems occur, teacher can create positive and conducive learning environment.

In addition, classroom management is the important element of teachers overall leadership role and it cannot be separated from other aspect of teaching. Teacher need to plan and conduct the lesson of the subject successfully, practice reward or punishment, create suitable and interesting activities for student, develop basic skill and others. All these aspect are important to maintain its progress in classroom as it can build a positive learning environment to engage student in learning. So, it also can minimize behavioral problems and can avoid disruption in lessons.

Even though teacher put a lot of efforts in managing the classroom effectively, some behavioral or disciplinary problems still occur among the student as they want to get attention from the teacher. So, as a good teacher, we must have some knowledge and skills in order to control and solve those kinds of problem. As we know, discipline model is most suitable model to practice as to reduce the uneasiness of beginning teacher. For our coursework, we need to determine the classroom discipline models that teacher can use and practices in classroom. There are five discipline models such as behavior modification by Skinner, Assertive discipline model by Canter, Logical Consequences by Dreikurs, Group Management by Kounin and lastly reality therapy by Glasser.

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All these discipline models are important to practice in classroom as teacher need to promote and maintain positive learning environment in which student can learn effectively and efficiently without any obstruction of behavioral problems occur. As a conclusion, teacher need to give specific attention toward students disciplinary problems as to avoid that problems become worst and teacher cannot achieve the objective in their teaching process. Teacher do not only give knowledge to the student, but teacher also must instill moral values such self-control, self-discipline in student under teachers care.

2.0 MODIFICATION MODEL IN CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT

2.1 BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION MODEL B.F. Skinner was an interesting psychologist who founded behaviourism and made important contributions to learning theory and principles of behaviour modification. Beginning with the social need for efficient psychotherapy, and after having generated a solid theoretical body of behavioural laws, Skinner indicated and also developed the appropriate path towards efficient interventions for not an adaptive behaviour which is called Behaviour Modification and or Therapy (Francisco Javier Labrador, 2004). According to Myint Swe khine, A. Lurdusamy, Queck Choon Lang and Angela F.L Wong in their book title Classroom Management Facilitating Teaching and Learning, Behaviour Modification Model approach to discipline is through shaping desired behaviour. This modification model consists of restructuring the environment so that undesired behaviours are eliminated.

Behaviour is shaped by its consequences, by what happens to the individual immediately afterward. It is suitable for teachers to use this model in the class as it helping in shaping pupils behaviour. Behaviour Modification Model is based on the reinforcement of desired behaviours consists of two reinforcements which are positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. These two reinforcements may be used in increasing the likelihood of the desired behaviour being exhibited. The simplest example of positive reinforcement is when a pupil shows good response and good behaviour in the classroom during teaching and learning process, a teacher will reward them with praise. This is one of a simple example of positive reinforcement that can be use in this model. Apart from praise, there are also other several 2|classroom management (EDU3104)

different ways to implement positive reinforcement as giving a tangible reinforcement or rewards such as stickers to put on a chart or tokens to be turned in for a prize. The positive reinforcement will motivate pupils in changing and improving their behaviour as they can control their behaviour.

In contrast of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement is also popular among teachers in school in shaping pupils desired behaviour. Teachers usually use this kind of reinforcement in making sure that pupils discipline well. According to Raymond G. Miltenberger in his book entitle Behaviour Modification: Principles and Procedures, negative behaviour is the occurrence of a behaviour that followed by the removal of a stimulus or a decrease in the intensity of stimulus which results in the strengthening of the behaviour. In other words, negative reinforcement is also known as punishment which is the consequences of negative behaviour done by a pupil that help in changing their behaviour from bad to good slowly and indirectly through the punishment. For example, when pupils do not finish their homework several times, teacher will punish them by asking them to finish their homework during recess time. The result of this punishment the pupil will change their behaviour and will not repeat the same thing in future as they want to go for recess. As noted earlier, it proves that positive and negative reinforcement are equally important as it is used for maintaining or increasing the occurrence of desired pupils behaviour.

Behaviour modification techniques include a variety of approaches such as operant conditioning, contingency management, behavioural modelling, role playing and other approaches designed to alter maladaptive behaviour (George R. Taylor, 2004). First of all in implementing this model in the classroom a teacher should communicate his or her rule to the pupils since the first day he or she enter the class. This is because the teacher should tell his or her pupils of what he or she wants from the pupils and knowing what pupils wants in their class through their response. It is teachers responsible in providing pupils with guidance and information to teach them the correct behaviour required. Teacher can use stories and roleplaying as the easiest way in teaching actions such as asking permission to leave a seat. When the pupils follow rules, teacher should praise or reward them by telling them that they did a great job. But if the pupils do not follow the rules, give one warning. If the rule is broken again, then the consequence is implemented. The teacher should remember that they should not shout or 3|classroom management (EDU3104)

react to the pupils undesirable behaviour. Teacher must give a reason for why the consequence is being implemented. For example, when a pupil always make noise in the class during the teaching and learning process and did not care about the warning, the teacher can implement the consequences of pupils behaviour by telling him or her to clean the class with the reason of pupils behaviour which is always make noise in the class. This will only work

with consistency and follow through from the parents, and consistency of reward and consequence.

Although there are certain limits using this model, such as temperamental or emotional influences related to ADHD or depression, all pupils which are children function more effectively under the right set of consequences. Reinforcement is consequences that strengthen behaviour. Punishments are consequences that weaken behaviour. Students' behaviours are managed and changed by the consequences of classroom behaviour. To manage behaviour through consequences, teacher can use the multi-step process which has four steps. The first one is the problem must be defined, usually by count or description. Second, design a way to change the behaviour. Third, Identify an effective reinforcement and lastly apply the reinforcement consistently to shape or change behaviour.

The overall benefit of behaviour modification is an improvement of behaviour. Positive behaviours are introduced, taught and reinforced through a reward system. To maintain the new behaviour, Valdosa State University recommends changing the reward so the pupils will continues to have motivation ( Lia Stannard, 2010). Inappropriate behaviours are dejected by not rewarding them and by teaching consequences. This will helps the pupils realize their mistake and learn that acting out is not acceptable. Behaviour modification can also help improve emotional responses, such as helping the patient get over a specific fear.

2.2 REALITY THERAPY MODEL

Unsatisfying or nonexistent relationships

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Psychological problems

Dr Ian R. Ridgway (2321 Theory & Practice 2: Lecture 51, 2005) Reality Therapy (RT) is an approach to psychotherapy and counselling. It is developed by William Glasser in the 1960s is an American psychiatrist and considered as a form of cognitive behavioural therapy. Later he changed its name to choice theory in the late 90s. Reality Therapy is a method of counselling which teaches people how to direct their own lives, make more effective choices, and how to develop the strength to handle the stresses and problems of life. This model is one of the best models that can be use by teachers in fulfilling pupils psychological needs.

Frequently, teachers need to make sure that pupils will make good behavioural and make sure they can be a responsible person who able to satisfy their needs in the real world. In other words teacher should guide pupils toward reality. Pupils must acknowledge their behaviour, and they should make value judgments regarding that behaviour. For example, when a disruption occurs, instead of asking why pupils are behaving like that, teachers will ask pupils, What are you doing? The stress is put on the you so that there is no misunderstanding as to who is responsible. This question is followed up with queries such as Is this behaviour against the rules? or Is this behaviour helping you or this class? If the misbehaviour persists, the teacher has to see pupils privately in order to design a commitment for change. If the original plan proves inadequate, the teacher and pupils have to re-examine, renew, or revise the plan. If the disruptions continue or the commitment is not followed, the consequences should become progressively more severe where teacher can take action by doing a principal conference, parent conference, in-school suspension, out-of-school suspension, and finally permanent exclusion from school.

Reality Therapy is one of way that gives pupils freedom to choose and realize their responsibility, not the teacher. Regardless of their personal backgrounds and home situations, pupils are expected to obey the rules. The teachers will act is as a facilitator who assist pupils to become responsible and a productive classroom members. Instead of punishing pupils, teachers will continually stress pupils responsibility for their own behavioural choices. The practice of Reality Therapy is an ongoing process made up of two major components which are 5|classroom management (EDU3104)

creating a trusting environment and using techniques which help a person discover what they really want, reflect on what they are doing now, and create a new plan for fulfilling that 'want' more effectively in the future.

Specifically, reality therapy model is build in order to satisfy one or more of four basic needs. Glasser identifies these basic needs as love, fun, power and control and freedom. Every

people in this world need love in their life. Pupils who are young children are the most sensitive creature in the world that needs care and love from people around them. In school love is considered as social responsibility and sense of belonging. According to Edward (2000), teachers can develop a sense of belonging among pupils by allowing them to participate in the drawing up of class rule and other techniques which are include the use of bulletin board to display pupils work and the forming of teams in the class. Power and control is second basic needs that are also important in pupils life. Edward (2000) noted that pupils not only need to have reasonable power and control over their lives but they also need to use power properly to satisfy other needs, such as love. Every people need ample power to regulate their lives, which means that pupils had chosen the action that they believes in and learn on how to control it. Even though pupils have freedom to choose their action, teacher and parents need to control it by guiding and giving appropriate amount of freedom in order to control them from misbehave. Fun is one of the basic needs that fulfil ones feeling. Pupils loves things that fun. They want both fun and learning to combine so it will make them happy. As teachers, they need to prepare an interesting lesson in order to attract pupils attention in the teaching and learning process and the most important thing is making the teaching and learning process is fun. Through all the basic needs, we know that all the basic needs must be equally satisfy pupils.

According to Glasser, when a student misbehaves, the teacher should use 5 steps of discipline. The first step is teacher must help pupil identify their inappropriate behaviour and the most important things is do not accept excuses. Teacher should not ask excuses by asking pupils why they behave as they do but must ask questions directly to the misbehaved pupil to identify what they have done to cause problems. The teacher should deal with the present, not with the past. Second, teacher need to help pupils identify various consequences if pupils inappropriate behaviour continues. Third, let pupils make value judgments about his behaviour and its consequences. After the consequences have been identified, pupil is asked to decide 6|classroom management (EDU3104)

whether he or she wants the consequences to occur or not or whether he or she judges the behaviour to be inappropriate or not. The next step is teacher need to help pupils create plans to eliminate inappropriate behaviour. Because when pupils accept their behaviour is inappropriate, they will avoid the consequences associated with it, a plan can be created to overcome the problem. The pupils should formulate a specific strategy for eliminating his misbehaviour and the last step is teacher should help pupils stick to his plan or suffer the consequences if he fails to do so. Sometimes students make a commitment not to misbehave and are unmanageable anyway. These pupils should be cycled again through the steps of Reality Therapy. They may also be required to suffer the consequences they have already identified.

If pupils refuse to cooperate with reasonable classroom expectations, or if they break the rules they have previously agreed to accept, they may be candidates for isolation from the class. When pupils are a threat to the educational process, it is appropriate to exclude them. First they are isolated from the class but within the classroom. But if they continue to misbehave, then will be isolate from the class and out of the classroom. They are expected to stay in isolation only as long as it takes to produce a workable plan for returning to the classroom. During time out, pupils are directed to create a written plan that they believe will solve their discipline problems. The purpose of requiring a written plan is to help pupils achieve a greater sense of commitment. The plan becomes a contract between the teacher and the pupils. If problems persist, teachers may ask the pupils parents to get professional help. Reality Therapy is a method of guiding people on how to direct their own life, make more effective decision and able to handle the problems of life. It is really suitable for pupils who are new to the world to practice this method in their life as it gives them freedom and responsible to themselves. 2.3 ASSERTIVE MODEL Another discipline model for classroom management is assertive discipline by Lee Canter. This model can create positive learning environment in classroom as the basic of this model emphasis on reinforcement of appropriate behavior and students acceptance of the consequence of their action. When the teacher use assertive model in managing the classroom, teacher have own authority to establish the rules that clearly define the limits of acceptable and unacceptable student behavior, teacher teach these rules to the student and teacher should ask 7|classroom management (EDU3104)

for assistance from parent and school administrators to support in handling the behavior of student. Moreover, the student must follow that rules strictly as to make objective of this model achieve successfully. Besides, assertive discipline model is also similar to behavior model as the student will get reward or punishments as a consequence of their behavior.

According to Canter, as the teacher, have the right to make sure their teaching process flow smoothly without any disruptions misbehavior from student. The model they subsequently developed was based on the overall premise that the teacher has the right to teach in an orderly classroom and to expect the students to obey (Baron, 1992). The statement is truth as teachers also want the best for their student to gain the knowledge and to obey the rules as to behave properly in classroom. In addition, student compliance is imperative in creating and maintaining an effective and efficient learning environment. Similarly, students have the right to learn in a calm, orderly classroom. (Charles, 2008). Behavior of student is the important element as the teacher must to make sure that behaviors do not bring any problems and negative effect to other student. To get successful for this goal, teacher must react assertively in their teaching process. Teacher must firm, clear, concise direction to student who is in need of outside guidance to help them behave appropriately.

In the Assertive Discipline classroom, the teacher is in full high control of the class in firm

but positive manner and no student has the right to disrupt it in any way. It is assumed that students are capable of proper behavior, and choose to break rules and misbehave. (Charles, 2008) The Assertive Discipline model stresses positive reinforcement for good behavior and consequences for misbehavior. The model is not meant to serve as a tool to punish misbehavior, but rather as a tool to prevent to prevent it from occurring in the first place (Ellis & Karr-Kidwell, 1995).

To apply assertive discipline model in classroom, teachers need to create positive relationship between teacher and student as to get student compliance in following the rules that stated by the teacher. If there have no good relations between students, teachers will expose to the misbehavior of student as maybe teacher cannot control temper and address the student in an abusive way. Second, teacher can create and teach a discipline plan with 4-5 8|classroom management (EDU3104)

rules and specific consequences. Teacher also can implement positive consequences to reinforce good behavior and positive punishment to remove the misbehavior of student. Teacher cannot give the bad punishment to the student as this action will lead that misbehavior become worst and another problem will occur too.

So that, assertive discipline model is suitable use in managing the classroom in order to make sure the student behave well and do not disrupt the teaching and learning process. When the students do not make any problems in class, it will create conducive and positive learning environment and also the objective of certain subject achieve successfully. 2.4 LOGICAL CONSEQUENCES MODEL The Logical Consequences Model was established by Rudolf Dreikurs, who was an American psychiatrist and educator. According to Dreikurs, student that always create behavior problem in classroom is motivated by they want to gain attention, exercise power, exact revenge or to display inadequacy. If the need of student is satisfied, they will stop their misbehavior in classroom. The Logical Consequences Model is all about setting up a democratic classroom, instead of an autocratic classroom where the teacher dominates, punishes, criticizes and imposes ideas. For a democratic classroom to be successful there needs to be equality, cooperation, mutual respect, flexible curriculum, and encouragement of creative thinking. Students have so much potential and we sometimes squander their potential by treating them as inferior, which is why equality is important.

Dreikurs explained briefly about four main motives for inappropriate misbehavior of student. First, sometimes when student feel they is isolated by other student or teacher, they will think to create something that can make teacher give full attention toward their misbehavior. Normally, this attention seeking is always happened in classroom as the student actively provokes or annoys their teacher in many ways that teacher cannot ignored it. They will use different ways to gain attention such as they disturb others friend by calling name many times, tapping a pencil on the desk, talking to other friend and other misbehavior that can disrupt teaching and learning process in classroom. These misbehavior will also make teacher feel become annoyed and irritated. So, the teacher cannot ignore those kinds of problem because that problematic student will continue their misbehavior until teacher give special attention to 9|classroom management (EDU3104)

them. Teacher must know and ask the problem the students face and teacher should create situation where student may find legitimate ways to satisfy their need for attention (Balson,1992).

Second motive that student always do as to create discipline problem is power struggle. This motive happened when the student feel not satisfied with seeking attention as teacher ignored their misbehavior. According to Dreikurs, many disciplinary problems happened because of the student create power struggle with their teacher in classroom. When the power struggle happened, it will lead to another conflict that becomes worst. Teacher should know how to control that situation as teacher needs to maintain positive learning environment in classroom. Example of conflict that will occur such student will not give cooperation and disobedient toward teacher. They will refuse to complete their homework given by teacher, refuse to clean up the room, continue with disruptive behaviors, and others conflict that can make teacher lost temper and cannot think rationally when they want to punish student. If the teacher is under control, it will apply the pressure among the student and also the teacher. Usually, this pressure will lead to a power contest between student and teacher and it will look the teacher cannot be able to control the situation effectively. Actually, if teacher use the logical consequences model to overcome the misbehavior of student, teacher should be composed and deal with the problem in a trusting and caring way. Teacher also needs to make the student know their motive and help the student to explore why they behaved in that way. So, the student will realize that their misbehavior is not give good benefit for themselves.

Third motive is exacting revenge. This motive will occur when the student feel that they are unfairly treated by the teacher as teacher ask them to stop that misbehavior. The student will think another way to seek revenge against their teacher, friends and others people around them. Usually, they exact revenge by stealing things, violence, and destruction of property. (Balson, 1992). This kind of problematic student do not care about their punishment as they only want to feel satisfied to gain attention from people around them especially their teacher. They also can exhibit their revenge by sullen, morose, moody or depressed. Students who misbehave like that, it will make difficulty in cooperating with their group because they will only disrupt other student to learn. If teacher face this situation in classroom, teacher need to understand and

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assist the student concerned in a caring manner. Teacher also need to ensure other student in the class do not isolate the problematic student. Fourth motive is the student is displaying inadequacy in classroom. It means that, when the student feels they cannot gain any attention from teacher, they will decide to isolate themselves from other people. The student will avoid in participating any activity group, avoiding mixing other friends, and avoiding any kind of public display such as presentation of their work in front of class. They act misbehave like that as they want to be left alone and have nothing asked or expected for other people. So, they try to achieve that situation by displaying inadequacy.

According to Dreikurs, teacher must have higher degree of autonomy and responsible toward their student by making them understand the consequences of their misbehavior. When the student know and understand their motive, discipline problems will be at minimum level. This logical consequences model can use in classroom as it can correct the misbehavior of student. The main key of logical consequences is student should be given a choice to know and understand their misbehavior and not be forced to behave as directed.

3.0 SUITABLE MODIFICATION USED

As in the case study given in the coursework question, we totally agree to come out with two main discipline models that can be used to solve these problems. The problems in the case study that we have identified are there are few pupils in Mr. Veejayas class like to make noise and do not have interest to study. This may relate with the situation where Mr. Veejaya is the new teacher in the school. In order to solve this problem, we selected two discipline problems which are behavior modification model by BF Skinner and also assertive discipline model by Lee Canter.

In our research, we found some facts about behavior modification model by Skinner. According to MyintSweKhine (2005) in the book of Classroom Management, he stated that this 11 | c l a s s r o o m m a n a g e m e n t ( E D U 3 1 0 4 )

model emphasize the uses of principle of reinforcement. This reinforces can act as a stimulus which it can be a positive or negative reinforcement. In other words, this model is related with positive reinforcement like rewards and praises of negative reinforcement like punishments. We chose this model as we can see that a few pupils did not respect Mr. Veejaya as a new teacher in the classroom. They like to make noise and also have less interest in their studies. This may be based on reason that Mr. Veejaya is a new teacher and the pupils take on advantage on that. If Mr. Veejaya has to take the negative reinforcement to the pupils, he has to ensure that these negative reinforcements like punishments are not done in a harsh way. In a meanwhile, if he likes to apply positive reinforcements in the classroom, he has to ensure that his all pupils get the fairness of that reinforcements. By getting some positive and negative reinforcements, Mr. Veejaya can handle the classroom and the teaching and learning processes will go on smoothly.

The other model is assertive discipline model by Lee Canter. In this model, it stated that the teacher have to use their assertive to control the classroom. According to Noemi Rodridgue, in his research paper entitled Lee Canters Assertive Discipline stated that Canter developed a way to handle behaviors in an organized and calm way. The teacher should know the ways to handle the classroom, so that it will not become chaos if unexpected situation happened on the day she or he taught in the classroom. We chose this model as our second model because, for us, this model can be the solution on the problems faced by the teacher on handling pupils in the classroom. This model emphasizes on the rules and regulations, the needs between teacher and the pupils while Teaching and Learning processes and also the assertive teacher is more effective than the nonassertive teacher. So, the teacher likes Mr. Veejaya has to establish his own rules and regulations in the classroom. Then, he must show his assertiveness in order to ensure that pupils have to follow his rules in the classroom. By doing so, the classroom problems will decrease and the pupils will respect what the teacher needs and the teacher must also respect the pupils need especially in the Teaching and Learning processes. This situation is called win win situation. By doing so, the pupils and teacher feel excited in order to give and get in the teaching and learning processes.

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4.0 STRATEGIES ON SOLVING MR. VEEJAYAS PROBLEM

There are many strategies to solve Mr. Veejayas problem that we can apply from the two models we chose before. The models are the behavior modification model and also the assertive discipline model. From the behavior modification model, Mr. Veejaya can plan something to ensure that the pupils who are showing their positive behavior will get the rewards or praises, while the pupils with negative behavior will get the punishments from him. For example, when Mr. Veejaya teaches Mathematics in the classroom, he can give praises like You are very good or Excellent! Its correct! if the pupils succeeded to answer questions given to them as their homework or as their exercises. Other than that, Mr. Veejaya can apply the board marks whereas the pupils who behave well and also can answer the questions given will get their own sticker of smiley or other symbols. At the end of the year, the pupils who got to collect the most number of stickers will get some rewards from Mr. Veejaya like stationery set or a set of storybooks. From this, every pupil will be excited to be a good pupil and collect stickers as much as they can.

In the meantime, if the pupils did not do well in their homework like they did not completing their homework or cannot answer the oral questions asked to them, Mr. Veejaya can use the negative reinforcement like punishments. Mr. Veejaya has to be wise enough to give the best punishments so that these punishments will be the catalysts for the pupils to do better in the future. The examples of punishments are like completing their homework while recess or asks them to repeat the correct answers for the questions given orally. Mr. Veejaya cannot make other harsh punishments like asking the pupils to stand outside the classroom or standing on the chair. This is to ensure that the pupils will not feel ashamed or feel that they are stupid enough to do the exercises given. These negative and positive reinforcements will bring their own benefits to the pupils like pupils will become more respect to Mr.Veejaya and they will be more discipline. The other benefits are like pupils in the Mr. Veejayas classroom will be more excited to learn in Mathematics. Research shown that pupils will be more excited in doing some actions if they get the positive respond from other parties.

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The other strategy is by using the assertive discipline model by Lee Canter. This model stresses on the important of getting close relationship between teacher and pupils. Mr. Veejaya is a new teacher, so it is the right time for him to be closer to his pupils. He, as a teacher has to know his pupils background included their proficiency level, interest and also some of their family background. This is important so that Mr. Veejaya can fulfill his pupils needs. For example, if the students like sports rather than formal education, Mr. Veejaya can bring them to the fields and let them play with football or netball. Then, when they feel that their needs have been fulfilled, Mr. Veejaya can slowly include the Mathematics subject in their lesson. For instance, Mr. Veejaya asks them to count how many times that the ball can bounce to the wall during 1 minute. This is the way whereas Mr. Veejaya and his pupils will be closer and learn how to respect each other.

If Mr. Veejaya identifies that he has students who have family problems like single parent family or divorce parents, Mr. Veejaya can ask them if they need his guide or his help. Usually, this type of pupils cannot pay attention in their studies if they have problems like that. They will not tell the others about their problems as for them, these problems are their own problems. So, Mr. Veejaya has to ask them personally about their problems and try to solve their problems. Later, these problematic pupils will tell about their problems to Mr. Vee

Other than that, Mr. Veejaya can use the principles from this assertive model by establishing some rules and regulations for the pupils to obey it. This is important as this is the part whereas the pupils have to show their respect to Mr. Veejaya. Mr. Veejaya can do some rules like Please pay attention while learning or Please sit in your respective seats in the classroom. These rules show that Mr. Veejayas assertive skills in handling his classroom. Mr. Veejaya has to be more strict and assertive so that the pupils will not dare to do mistakes in his classroom. This is also to ensure that the Teaching and Learning Processes in the classroom will be going on smoothly.

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5.0 CONCLUSION As conclusion, this case study shows that Mr. Veejaya has much more weaknesses in his way of teaching. By applying these discipline models, Mr. Veejaya can control his classroom in a better way. These discipline models actually help teacher a lot in order to have a teaching and learning processes going on smoothly. All the strategies that we have come out in the above paragraphs are some of the examples that teacher, especially Mr. Veejaya can do in his classroom. Other than that, Mr. Veejaya must ensure that his lesson more interesting and enjoyable to attract students to learn and to keep quiet during Mathematics lesson.

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6.0 REFERENCES

Andrius, J. (2013). The Skinner Model of Discipline. Retrieved March 14, 2013, from Teacher Matters Advancing Knowledge for Teachers:

http://www.teachermatters.com Bose, D. (2000). Behavior Modification Techniques. Retrieved March 10, 2013, from Buzzle: http://www.buzzle.com Lorinda. (2012, Jannuary ). Positive Reinforcement and Behavior Modification. Retrieved March 13, 2013, from Lorinda-Character Education: http://www.lorindacharactereducation.com Miltenberger, R. G. (2001). Behavior Modification: Principles and Procedures. United State: Wardsworth Cengage Learning. Myint Swee Khine, A. Q. (2005). CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT Facilitating Teaching and Learning. Singapore: Pearson Education South Asia. Ridgway, D. I. (2005). 2321 Theory & Practice 2: Lecture 51. REALITY THERAPY: William Glasser (born 1925) , 2-10. Ruiz, M. R. (n.d.). Behavior and Social Issues, Volume 5, No. 2 . B. F. SKINNER'S RADICAL BEHAVIORISM: HISTORICAL MISCONSTRUCTIONS AND GROUNDS FOR FEMINIST RECONSTRUCTIONS , 29-44. Taylor, G. R. (2004). Practical Application Of Classroom Management Theories Into Strategies. United States: University Press of America. Balson,M. (1992). understanding classroom behaviour. Hawthorn, Victoria :ACER. Dreikurs, R. (1968). Pshychology in the classroom. New York : Harper & Row. Canter, L. & Canter, M. (1982). Assertive Discipline. CA: Lee Canter & Associates Charles, C. M. (2008). Building classroom discipline. Boston : Massachusetts, Allyn & Bacon. Ellis, M. &Kidwell. K (1995). Assertive discipline: Model, application and cases. New York : Karr-Kidwell. Baron, M. (1992). Classroom management. New York. John Wiley & Sons.

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7.0 COURSEWORK COLLABORATION FORM STUDENTS NAME: NAFIZAH BINTI MOHAMED NABILAH HUDA BINTI ABD RAHMAN NASUHA ZAFIRAH BINTI SALAN 921004-01-6402/2012121340171 920926-01-5620/2010122350092 921001-01-5834/2010122350095 3PISMP TESL SEMESTER: 3 BEHAVIOUR AND CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT MADAM RATHIDEVI RESULT OF DISCUSSION SIGNATURE (LECTURER)

MATRIC NUMBER:

GROUP/OPTION: SUBJECT: CODE: EDU 3104 LECTURER: DATE 22/2

MATTER DISCUSSED

Lecturer explain to us about the We could understand the task coursework well.

23/2

We sit in a group to discuss We are able to identify all the about the task given modification models Together in a group we identify We choose two modification how to solve the case study models that suitable for the case given. study and manage to find all the information needed for the assignment. We discuss in our group on We manage to finish our first how to organize our answer draft. We are able to improve our and share idea about the lesson planning. justification of the answer. Discussion with madam in the Madam gives tips on how to write class regarding the assignment the justification of the answer We compile our assignment. We did some correction and add some information in our assignment. We manage to submit assignment on time. our

3/3

10/3

13/3

21/2

22/2

The submission day

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TASK 2 : POWER POINT

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TASK 3: INDIVIDUAL REFLECTION

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NAFIZAH BTE MOHAMED 921004-01-6402 As the requirement of the Behaviour and Classroom Management subject, I have been given a task in group of three. We need to assess and gather information from various sources on modification mode. With the information gathered, we need to solve the case study given in the assignment. My group members are Nabila Huda Binti Abdul Rahman, Nasuha Zafirah Binti Salan and me. In carry out this task, I had a great experience. As it is a group work, my relationship with my group member become closer. We are able to communicate well in discussing the idea especially in solving the problems of the case study given and of course we are able to the finish the work on time. Beside that as a trainee teacher who are going to be a teacher soon, this assignment help me a lot in preparing my self dealing with pupils in future as it gives me deep understanding in the modification models that I can use in the classroom in order to control my pupils. All teachers need to have good skills in handling and understand pupils needs. In the process of learning, the knowledge that I got from this task will help me to understand my pupils better and able to fulfil their needs. This great experience will give me a clear view of what I am going to face in future. So I have to make my self ready not only to face problems happen in the classroom but also design an interesting lesson that can attract my pupils attention in the teaching and learning process. As a person who do not like to read text about fact, this task gives me chance to do more reading on the topic which is material about fact. It is interesting actually reading text about fact as it provides a lot of information and knowledge that can be learn from it. The difficulty that I have to face during this task is it is a bit difficult for me to find the information regarding this task. In finding information regarding Reality Therapy Model, I had slightly quite confused between Reality Therapy model and Choice Theory Model. But after a brief discussion with my group members and the information gathered from various sources especially books my group and I are able to solve the misunderstanding. Besides, I face time management problems in finishing the task. It is because we have lack of time in finishing this task as we all are busy attending our School Based Experience programme (SBE). With the cooperation of my group members we are able to find the information easier and faster. We are also able to finish our work on time and able to submit our task on the date of submission.

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The experience of completing the task helps me to understand more about the individual cognitive development. According to Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health, cognitive

development is the construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence to adulthood. As a teacher, it is important for me to understand individual cognitive development as I will deal with pupils who have different cognitive development in my daily life. Experience of finding the information regarding the modification models really gives me clear view on how to deals with my pupils who so called children development. I need to choose the right modification models in dealing different kind of cognitive development as different problems will have different solution. Lastly, this task really helps me to prepare myself as a teacher. I hope that I will be giving chance again to do this kind of task as it gives me a lot of benefit that can be use in my teaching profession in future. Special thanks I greet to Madam Rathidevi for her brief explanation and helps in completing the task. I also want to thank my group members for their cooperation. Without their help I am sure that I will not manage to do the task.

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NABILAH HUDA ABD RAHMAN 920926-01-5620 Firstly, I would to thank to our lecturer, classroom management, Puan Rathidevi and also my group as they give good cooperation to me in completing my coursework for subject EDU 3104. For this coursework, we are required to write an essay about modification model in classroom management, we also need to choose suitable model that relate to the case given and we need to think the strategies to solve that case given. Before we started our essay, our lecturer gave brief and clear explanation about the coursework and how to get useful information that relate to our topic. My group and I find a lot of information from variety sources such as internet, article, book and others. I think it is easy to find that information because our topic is quite popular in teaching field as it gives some ideas and guidance to teacher in controlling discipline problem in classroom. I got a lot of useful information for our coursework and I felt satisfied and eager to do my essay. I also gain experiences while doing this coursework. I learnt how to organize our information and ideas to do the best essay. It is look like easy when we got all the information that we need, but it comes difficult when we want to pick the best and clear information about the topic. It also builds good teamwork and cooperation between my group and lecturer or others group as we need to sit together in completing this coursework. Moreover, it increase my self-motivated as I need to motivate myself to complete my coursework in best way and avoid to do others unnecessary thing that can disturb time management in completing this coursework. While doing this coursework, I also felt a little bit difficult to start writing the essay because I need to organize the right fact of modification disciplinary models. Besides, I could not able to manage my time because I have other responsible to be done such as I need to complete my School Based Experience for one week. In addition, I felt difficult to choose appropriate modification disciplinary model that suitable to the case given. My group need to analyses carefully about it. For my opinion, this coursework can develop and increase my cognitive level when I faced the problem. It is because I need to think a lot and think critically to solve the problem I faced with successful strategies. It makes me aware that to become a good teacher, we need to think deeply what the effect, causes or how to solve the problem effectively. Furthermore, this coursework increase my analytical thinking as I need to know the fact of information I got either 22 | c l a s s r o o m m a n a g e m e n t ( E D U 3 1 0 4 )

truth or not. I need to refer to other reliable sources such as book of classroom management. Beside, this coursework also need us to think creatively as I need to organize the ideas and information in mind map. So that, I can able to see the clear view the fact about modification disciplinary models. When I start to write the essay, I used both part of brain which are right and left brain. It is because, when I need to organize the ideas, I used the left brain to do the mind maps and I used the right brain to organize my language in writing the essay. If we want to get good development of cognitive level, we must to make sure that we used both part of the brain in our learning process as to get balance in thinking skills. As a conclusion, I hope this coursework can make us more prepared mentally to be future teacher. Moreover, I think classroom management subject is good for trainee teacher as it give the overview about the management and problem that will occur in classroom as well as give the strategies for the teacher to overcome the problem happened.

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NASUHA ZAFIRAH BTE SALAN 921004-01-6402 In this third semester, we have to do the assignment on paper EDU 3104. The assignment is on how we have to solve the problems in the case study given. It is based on the discipline models that we have studied throughout this semester. We have to do this assignment in a group of three or four. We chose our own group member and my group consist of three members. In order to complete this assignment, my group member and I have to divide the tasks given among the group member. We have to do some research in order to find the suitable information regarding on how to solve these problems in the case study. It involves on finding information in the book and also in the internet. After we have done in finding information, we have to gather the information and choose the suitable one to be used in this assignment. We have also to choose only two from the five discipline models to be used in solving the problems in the case study. So, before we start this assignment, we gathered and made group discussions for several times to get the best ideas for this assignment. There are some problems that I faced in completing this assignment. At first, I found it difficult to me and my group member to find suitable time to discussing this assignment before start it. This is because; my group member and I have to go to SBE in the last week before we have to submit this assignment. It makes me difficult to make group discussion with my group member. But, as the technology is the main thing today, I manage to handle this situation. We agree to text messages one to the other to give the latest improvement about our tasks given to complete this assignment. The second one is I find some difficulties on getting suitable information on the discipline models. There are many websites that give the information on discipline models, but not all of them I can use as our references. This is because; there are some websites which are not inserting the name of authors. So, I cannot just take the information in the websites or books without knowing the authors. The other problem is like at first, I fail to come out with the suitable models and strategies on how to solve the problems in the case study. But, after I make some discussion and asking my lecturer and friends, I manage to complete it. I also try to relate with the exercises on case study that I have done in my tutorial classes with this case study that I

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have for this assignment. I feel that the tutorial classes that I have before manage to make me understand and I can apply that to this assignment. In my opinion, my experience in completing this assignment enables me to gain more knowledge on individual cognitive development. Every pupil has their own needs, interest, and also their proficiency level. So, as a teacher, I have to know my pupils well on their backgrounds needs so that I can fulfill their needs. This is important so that they will not feel that education is a burden. They can learn in a fun way.

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