ADHD Booklet

Listening Part B
Listening Sub-Test: Part B Questions 1.Circle the best answer.
ADHD
1. Most estimates suggest that among primary school age children a) 2% of children have ADHD b) 80% of children have ADHD c) 5~10% of children have ADHD 2. Regarding gender and ADHD a) ADHD is much more common in boys b) ADHD is equally common in boys and girls c) ADHD is slightly more common in boys 3. Which of the following is not correct a) Smoking during pregnancy can increase the risk of ADHD b) 50% of male parents who had ADHD may have a child with ADHD c) Exposure to lead in early childhood may increase the risk of ADHD 4. Which of the following is more likely to trigger out of control behaviour ? a) Too much food containing sugar and food colourings b) Too much excitement c) A combination of both a & b 5. Which of the following statements is most correct? a) About 1/3 of children with ADHD suffer from sleep apnoea b) Most children with ADHD suffer from sleep apnoea c) About 1/3 of children who suffer from sleep apnoea also have ADHD 6. Which of the following statements is most correct? a) After 40 years of research the reason why some children suffer from ADHD is becoming clear b) Recent theories suggest problems with left side of the brain function c) A child with ADHD may interpret feelings and information differently to other children
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Listening Part B
2. Complete the following table Symptom Category Hyperactivity Poor Concentration Impulsiveness _______________________________ _______________________________performance being distracted easily _______________________________ _______________________________ poor task completion _______________________________ other children poor _______________________________ blurting out answers _______________________________by classmates _______________________________ Inability to play quietly excessive________________________ continuous______________________ ___________________________________ Inability to _____________________ Signs and Symptoms
Listening Part B
3. Complete the following process chart

ADHD sufferers may do well at school because it is hard to ___________ & stay still if ADHD is not diagnosed, sufferers may not get the ___________ they need. Older children are expected to take responsibility for their __________ & ___________
school works gets_________ as you get __________
For children who cannot plan and ______________ themselves, school becomes__________
Leading to poor marks, being kept back, lower____________ con[idence and regular__________.
In turn they may_____________ of school early
reducing the chances to [ind suitable _______________
4. Answer the following questions and complete the statements. a) Name two of the stimulant medications mentioned for ADHD? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ b) Dopamine is a neurotransmitter associated with ___________________________________ pleasure ___________________________________ movement c) Name one positive effect stimulant medication has on behaviour? _____________________________________________________________________ d) How many times a day should short acting medication be taken? _____________________________________________________________________ e) How many times a day should long acting medication taken? ____________________________________________________________________
Listening Part B
f) Why are long acting medications for ADHD preferred? _________________________________________________________________________ g) List 5 common side effects associated with this medication ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ _______________________________________ ________________________________________ 5. Complete the following information cards on safety concerns Effect on developing brain Long term impact is ________________________________________________________ Ritalin in ____________________________& __________________________
may interfere with brain development. Heart related problems Can cause__________________________ in children and adults with _________________________________. Before starting the stimulant all individuals should have a ________________________________________. People with a history of heart problems need an __________________________.
Listening Part B
Psychiatric problems Stimulants can trigger symptoms of______________ aggression, ____________, depression and _____________________. High risk people include those with a history of _______________________ depression or _____________________________. Potential for abuse 6. Complete the gaps in the summary. Current scientific evidence suggests diet modification can improve the behavioural _____________________of ADHD. A trial in children______________________ ADHD reported significant increases in _________________________ behaviour for the children who received the intervention, compared to the children who received the ___________________________. A trial of 27 children with ADHD reported _____________________ behavioural improvements amongst the elimination diet group. These studies demonstrate the link between _______________________ and _________________________. They demonstrate that strict adherence to an elimination diet can __________________ hyperactive behaviour in children. University students take them when_________________________________ They are also taken for their ____________________________properties.
Listening Part B
7. Answer the following questions. a) In what type of food can salicilates be found? ____________________________________________________________ b) Why should processed foods be avoided? ____________________________________________________________ c) List the 5 categories of food that should be avoided. ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 8. Complete the following notes. Main benefit of the diet is it can _____________________________. However, unless all banned foods are eliminated, ___________________________
will not be seen. Children with ADHD tend to be_________________________and therefore may
be unable to comply with a ____________________________________. Children may____________________________________with friends at school when
_______________________________________________. However there is _____________________________ that an elimination diet is as
effective as _______________________. Current scientific evidence indicates diet should be used
_____________________________________________ medication.
Listening Part B
End of Part B You now have 2 minutes to check your answers. Now check your results and add up your score with on the answer sheet. Your Score________ Total Marks 80 To pass the listening test you need to get at least 65%, so for this exam you need to get at least 52/80.
Listening Part B
Answer Sheet Total Marks: 80 One mark for each correct answer. Underlined words essential. Variations in vocabulary and grammar are acceptable Slash / indicates alternative answers Brackets (_______) indicate optional details which do not need to be included Question 1 swings, racing heart beat, dizziness 1. c ( I mark for any of the following up 2. a to a total of 5 marks) 3. b Question 5 4. b not yet known 5. a children 6. c teenagers Question 2 sudden death fidgeting heart conditions talking cardiac evaluation restlessness electrocardiogram (ECG) sit still hostility disorganisation anxiety poor academic paranoia forgetfulness suicide losing things bipolar disorder interrupting cramming (for exams) turn taking weight-loss rejection Question 6 accidental injury symptoms Question 3 without concentrate hyperactive harder placebo older significant help diet learning behaviour behaviour reduce organise difficult Question 7 self esteem Fruit truancy (Because they) contain artificial drop out colours/preservatives/flavour employment enhancers Question 4 Fruit a) Ritalin/Adderall/Dexedrine (I mark Take away food each, total 2 marks) Processed meat and cheese b) Motivation/ attention (1mark Sweet snacks eachtotal 2 marks) Beverages c) boost concentration/focus/reduce Question 8 hyperactive / impulsive behaviours reduce (symptoms of ) hyperactivity (1 mark) behavioural benefits d) 2/3 times a day impulsive e) once a day stict diet f) users have trouble remembering to share food take their pills/ easier/more unsupervised convenient (I mark) no evidence g) difficulty sleeping, loss of appetite, medication headaches, upset stomach, in combination with irritability, depression, mood
Listening Part B

Now read question 1 Pause 10 seconds Now answer question 1
Transcript
What are the symptoms of ADHD? Most kids could be described at some point as 'inattentive', 'impulsive' or 'hyperactive'. Explanations for this behaviour vary widely, ranging from the child being 'overtired' to 'overexcited'. However, when such behaviour lasts for significant periods of time and when it interferes interferes with life at school and at home, the explanation may be due to a condition such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD. Some studies suggest that about 2% of primary school aged children have ADHD, while others have suggested that almost 18% ADHD. However, the majority of researchers put the figure at between 5% and 10%. Regarding gender, boys are at least 4 times more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than girls. Prenatal risks. Some studies have shown a possible increase in risk among children whose mothers used cigarettes or alcohol during pregnancy. Therefore, if you are pregnant, do not smoke or use alcohol Environmental toxins. Exposure to very high levels of lead before age 6 or so might also raise a childs risk. Some young children are exposed to lead from the dust of worn paint in many older buildings, or from drinking water that has travelled through lead pipes. Family history. Having a biological parent or sibling with ADHD seems to raise a childs chances of developing it. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, at least one-third of fathers who had ADHD in their youth may have a child with ADHD. For some children who have ADHD, some foods, such as sugar and food colourings, seem to trigger more 'out of control' behaviour, but food is not a trigger for many children with ADHD. Being at a party often triggers 'out of control' behaviour which might be due to foods, but the behaviour is more likely to be due to too much excitement. Sleep apnoea (blocking of the airway during sleep) is linked to problem behaviours in many children. Some research has shown that about 30% of children who have ADHD have some sleep apnoea. Signs of sleep apnoea including snoring, often loud snoring and stopping breathing for a brief time during sleep. Not all children who snore have sleep apnoea, but if a child with ADHD also snores, this might be part of the problem. Despite at least 40 years of research worldwide, there is still no clear explanation for why ADHD happens in some children. More recent theories suggest that there is a problem with how the front part of the brain works. This causes the child's brain to deal with information and feelings in a different way from other children. Pause: 10 seconds Now read question 2 Pause 10 seconds Now answer question 2 It is comprised of three core symptom categories which are hyperactivity, poor concentration and impulsiveness. In order to reach an accurate diagnosis, the presence and pattern of development of symptoms in each of these categories must be considered. Hyperactivity Children always seem to be "on the go" or constantly in motion. Hyperactive behaviour may be demonstrated by a difficulty in playing quietly excessive fidgeting continuous talking restlessness inability to sit still when required Poor concentration Children have a hard time keeping their minds on any one thing and may quickly become bored with a task. Signs that a child is inattentive include disorganisation poor academic performance being distracted easily forgetfulness losing things and poor completion of tasks Impulsiveness Children seem unable to curb their immediate reactions or think before they act. Impulsive behaviour may be identified through disruptive behaviours in the classroom, such as interrupting other children poor turn taking blurting out answers before they are appropriate rejection by their peers and classmates as well as accidental injury Pause: 10 seconds Now read question 3 Pause 10 seconds
Listening Part B Now answer question 3 How ADHD can affect young people People with ADHD may not do as well at school are they are capable of, because it is so hard to concentrate and stay still. In addition, school work gets harder as you get older and it may become more and more difficult to keep up with the work. Furthermore, if no-one knows they have ADHD it may mean that they do not get the special help they need. As they get older they are expected to take more responsibility for their own learning and behaviour and to be more organised in order to do this. This can be hard with ADHD. For young people who are not able to plan and organise themselves for example they don't hear the teacher's instructions, lose assignments and homework, school gets very difficult. This can result in poor marks, being kept back in lower grades, lower self-esteem and confidence as well as regular truancy. This may in turn mean that they drop out of school early and leaving school early means will reduce the chances to find suitable employment. Pause: 10 seconds Now read question 4 Pause 10 seconds Now answer question 4 I would now like to describe the treatment options available for ADHD sufferers. Stimulants are the most common type of medication prescribed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. They have the longest track record for treating ADHD and the most research to back up their effectiveness. The stimulant class of medication includes widely used drugs such as Ritalin, Adderall, and Dexedrine. Stimulants are believed to work by increasing dopamine levels in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter associated with motivation, pleasure, attention, and movement. For many people with ADHD, stimulant medications boost concentration and focus while reducing hyperactive and impulsive behaviors. Stimulants for ADHD come in both short- and long-acting dosages. Short-acting stimulants peak after several hours, and must be taken 2-3 times a day. Long-acting or extended-release stimulants last 8-12 hours, and are usually taken just once a day. The long-acting versions of ADHD medication are often preferred, since people with ADHD often have trouble remembering to take their pills. Taking just one dose a day is much easier and more convenient.
As with all medications, there are side effects and the most common side effects of stimulants for ADHD are: Difficulty sleeping Loss of appetite Headaches Upset stomach Irritability Depression Mood swings Racing heartbeat Dizziness
Pause: 15 seconds Now read question 5 Pause 15 seconds Now answer question 5
ADHD Stimulant safety concerns Beyond the potential side effects, there are a number of safety concerns associated with the stimulant medications for ADHD. Effect on the developing brain The long-term impact of ADHD medication on the youthful, developing brain is not yet known. Some researchers are concerned that the use of drugs such as Ritalin in children and teenagers might interfere with normal brain development. Heart-related problems ADHD stimulant medications have been found to cause sudden death in children and adults with heart conditions. The Heart Association recommends that all individuals, including children, have a cardiac evaluation prior to starting a stimulant. An electrocardiogram is recommended if the person has a history of heart problems. Psychiatric problems Stimulants for ADHD can trigger or exacerbate symptoms of hostility, aggression, anxiety, depression, and paranoia. People with a personal or family history of suicide, depression, or bipolar disorder are at a particularly high risk, and should be carefully monitored when taking stimulants. Potential for abuse Stimulant abuse is a growing problem, particularly among teens and young adults. University students take them for a boost when cramming for exams or pulling all-nighters. Others abuse stimulant medications for their weight-loss properties.
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Listening Part B Pause: 10 seconds Now read question 6 Pause 10 seconds Now answer question 6 The importance of diet Current scientific evidence also suggests that diet modification can improve the behavioural symptoms of ADHD. A trial in children without ADHD challenged them with drinks containing artificial food colours and additives or a placebo, and reported significant increases in hyperactive behaviour amongst the children who received the intervention, compared to the children who received the placebo. A trial of 27 children with ADHD randomly assigned them to an elimination diet or no intervention, and reported significant behavioural improvements amongst the elimination diet group. These and a number of other studies demonstrate the association between diet and behaviour. They also demonstrate that strict adherence to an elimination diet can reduce hyperactive behaviour in children. Pause: 10 seconds Now read question 7 Pause 10 seconds Now answer question 7 The foods which should be avoided includes those containing salicylates which are found in most fruit. It is also recommended to avoid processed foods because they may contain artificial colours, preservatives and flavour enhancers such as monosodiumglutomate or MSG as it is commonly referred to as. Due to the fact that many fresh foods contain naturally occurring salicylates and most processed foods contain artificial additives, this means eliminating many foods which are frequently consumed as part of a typical balanced diet. In practical terms, this means avoiding many prepared and fresh foods, in the following categories Fruit: All fruits except pears with the peel removed Take away foods such as Food from major fast food chains, and fish and chips shops Processed meat and cheese Sweet snacks: including Ice cream, sweets, sweet biscuits and chocolate Beverages: like Juice, cordial, sports drinks and teas Pause: 10 seconds Now read question 8 Pause 10 seconds Now answer question 8 The main benefit of this kind of diet for children with ADHD is that the diet can reduce symptoms of hyperactivity. Nevertheless, there are a number of limitations associated with the diet. The nutritional requirements of the diet are very stringent, and unless children comply fully by eliminating all banned foods from their diets, behavioural benefits will not be seen. Experience indicates that strict adherence to diet the may be difficult. This is because children with ADHD tend to be impulsive which means complying with a strict diet may be difficult. Children may share food with friends at school while unsupervised, become upset and behave badly when denied food by their parents, or simply eat eliminated foods without thinking about it. It is important to note that even if full compliance is maintained and hyperactive behaviour reduced, there is no evidence that an elimination diet alone can improve behaviour as much as medications can. The available scientific evidence suggests that an elimination diet is most effective when used in combination with, rather than instead of, medication.
That is the End of Listening Part B
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Listening Part B

Listening Sub-Test: Part B Questions 1.Circle the best answer.

3. Complete the following process chart

school works gets_ as you get __

In turn they may_____________ of school early

reducing the chances to [ind suitable _______________

be unable to comply with a . Children maywith friends at school when

___________________. However there is _ that an elimination diet is as

effective as _______________________. Current scientific evidence indicates diet should be used

That is the End of Listening Part B

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