VINAYAKA MISSIONS UNIVERSITY

V.M.K.V.EMGINEERING COLLEGE, SALEM M.E. (POWER SYSTEMS ENGINEERING)

Elective III - HIGH VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT TRANSMISSION

UNIT I : DC POWER TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGY

Part - A
1. Name any three HVDC stations in India 2. Transmission of electric power is always done by using high voltages; why? 3. What are the advantages & disadvantages in HVDC transmission? 4. What are the advantages & disadvantages in HVAC transmission? 5. What are the advances in DC technology, which have tried to overcome the disadvantages in HVDC transmission? 6. What do you meant by break even distance? 7. What are the areas of application for DC transmission? 8. Define energy availability. 9. Define transient reliability. 10. Is there any difficulty in breaking DC currents? 11. List any three applications of DC transmission. 12. Define short circuit ratio. 13. Bring out the comparison between homopolar & bipolar dc links. 14. Write down the application of HVDC transmission. 15. What are the components of HVDC transmission system? 16. What are the difference between AC and DC transmission? 17. In more than 500km, which transmission is suitable for transmitting the power? Write down the reason. 18. What is smoothing reactor? 19. Why use DC transmission? 20. Write down the application of HVDC converter.

Part - B
1. Compare advantages and disadvantage of HVAC and HVDC transmission. 2. What are the different types of DC links? Explain each of them. 3. Explain the schematic diagram of a typical HVDC converter station. Also explain each part of the system 4. Compare AC & DC transmission by considering the important factors. 5. What are the modern trends in DC transmission? Explain each of them. 6. When you plan for a HVDC transmission system what is the importance of choice of voltage level? Explain. 7. Briefly explain the description of DC transmission system. 8. What are the factors to be considered for planning a HVDC transmission? Explain briefly.

UNIT-II : ANALYSIS OF HVDC CONVERTERS

Part - A
1. Define pulse number. 2. What are the assumptions made to analyze Graetz circuit? 3. Draw the converter bridge characteristics characteristics. 4. Define power angle. 5. What are the assumptions to be made in the analysis of Graetz circuit without overlap? 6. Define delay angle. 7. Why are high voltages preferred to transmit electric power? solutions of the system equations during the analysis of converter? 9. Which is more significant method of controlling power in HVDC links: either through control of voltage or current? Justify your answer. 10. Give the mathematical expression for the average direct voltage to the modes of analysis in the Graetz circuit in without overlap. 11. In a 12 pulse converter what is the phase displacement between the two sets of voltages of the two bridges? 12. Compare a six pulse converter & twelve pulse converters by mentioning their advantages. 13. Define extinction angle. 14. Give the mathematical expression for the average direct voltage to the modes of analysis in the Graetz circuit in with overlap 3&4 valve conduction model. 15. Define commutation angle. 16. What are the choices of converter configuration? 17. Compare a six pulse converter & twelve pulse converters by mentioning their disadvantages. 18. Give the mathematical expression for the average direct voltage to the modes of analysis in the Graetz circuit in with overlap 2 &3 valve conduction mode. 19. Define margin angle. 20. Draw the converter inverter characteristics. 8. What are the assumptions to be made in the method of obtaining fast steady state

Part B
1. Explain the detailed analysis of six pulse converter system. 2. Explain the simplified analysis of Graetz circuit without overlap. 3. Analyse the Graetz circuit with overlap in two and three valve conduction mode. 4. Analyse the Graetz circuit with overlap in three & four valve conduction mode 5. Formulate the state equations of a six converter with filters with neat diagram and waveforms. 6. Explain the characteristics of 12 pulse converter. 7. Briefly explain the converter bridge characteristics under rectifier mode and inverter mode. 8. Explain about the analysis of converters assumptions and method to development. 9. Draw and explain about four value conduction mode and express direction voltage. 10. Draw and explain the different configurations of bridge converter circuit.

UNIT-III : CONVERTER AND HVDC SYSTEM CONTROL

Part A
1. Define the principle of DC link control. 2. List out the classification of HVDC links. 3. What is homopolar links. 4. Differentiate between monopolar and bipolar links. 5. What is meant by back to back HVDC system? 6. Draw the schematic diagram of a dc link showing transformers ratios. 7. List the starting sequence in start up long pulse firing. 8. Define PPC. 9. What is inverse cosine control? 10. Draw the block diagram of pole and converter controllers. 11. What do you meant by firing angle control? 12. What is EPC and what are the schemes are available? 13. What are high level controllers? 14. Draw the hierarchical control structure of a DC link. 15. List the drawbacks of EPC. 16. What do you meant by constant & control scheme? 17. What are the drawbacks of IPC scheme? 18. What do you meant by inverse cosine control scheme? 19. Draw the voltage waveforms for rectifier & inverter during deenergization of a bridge. 20. What do you meant by pulse frequency control scheme? 21. Draw the steady state equivalent of a 2 terminal DC link. 22. What do you meant by pulse phase control scheme? 23. Draw the voltage waveforms for rectifier & inverter during energization of a bridge.

Part - B
1. Draw and explain the principles of dc link control. 2. What is EPC? What are the schemes in EPC? Explain briefly. 3. Explain firing angle control schemes and draw its characteristics. 4. Explain the hierarchical control structure of a DC link. 5. Write short notes on current and extinction angle control. 6. Explain the starting and stopping of DC link. 7. Explain the basic converter control characteristics 8. Briefly explain about starting and stopping of DC link 9. Explain the modifications involved in the converter control characteristics 10. Explain the different types of schemes in individual phase control of a HVDC system 11. What are the converter faults? Explain each. 12. Explain the different types of schemes in equidistant pulse control of a HVDC system

UNIT-IV : HARMONICS AND FILTERS

Part - A
1. Define harmonic distortion. 2. List the problems associated with the injection of harmonics 3. What are the types of AC filter? 4. What is tuned filter? 5. Draw the circuit for single and double tuned filter with characteristics curve. 6. What is carrier frequency? 7. Define RI noise. 8. List the factor to justify the effectiveness of DC filter. 9. List the design factor of AC filter. 10. What is the effect of unbalanced voltages? 11. What is the effect of firing angle errors? 12. Define telephone harmonic form factor& telephone influence factor. 13. Define harmonics. Mention the order of harmonic in dc and ac side. 14. What are the problems associated with harmonics? 15. Define pulse number &order of harmonics. 16. List out the reasons for getting non-characteristics harmonics. 17. Mention the sequence of dc harmonics based on the bridges per pole. 18. What is importance of smoothing reactor? 19. What is the telephone influence factor and telephone harmonic form factor? 20. Define I.T. product and minimum filter. 21. Define sharpness of tuning. 22. List out the reasons for getting non characteristic harmonics. 23. Name the criteria which will be used to judge the effectiveness of a dc filter.

24. Define characteristics and non-characteristic harmonics.

Part B
1. List out the factors are involved in the generation of harmonics, explain briefly. 2. Mention the factors are considered to design AC filter. 3. Write brief notes on DC filter. 4. What is carrier frequency? Explain the configuration of RI filter. 5. List out and explain the types of AC filters 6. Write short notes on characteristic harmonics. 7. Explain the AC filter design for single tuned and double tuned filter. 8. What are the ac harmonic filters? Give their configuration and impedance characteristics. 9. Write short notes on non characteristic harmonics. 10. Explain the generation, causes and suppression of uncharacteristic harmonics. 11. Explain the means of reducing harmonics.

UNIT-V : SIMULATION OF HVDC SYSTEMS

Part - A
1. What is controller model? 2. Write short notes on parity simulator. 3. List the importance of simulation. 4. Draw the physical model of converter transformer. 5. Write the application of DC simulator. 6. Draw the equivalent circuit of single phase transformer. 7. Write any two advantage of digital dynamic simulation. 8. Write the equation of transfer function of vdcol 9. List the two types of firing pulses. 10. Compare PFC and PPC. 11. What are the requirements for a simulation tool? 12. Give the applications of DC simulation. 13. Explain the physical models for a HVDC simulator. 14. Give the major advantages of a parity simulator. 15. What are the requirements of a good simulation tool for system analysis? 16. List the advantage of digital dynamic simulation. 17. Explain the basic equipments provided with respect to a D.C simulator for transient studies. 18. State the main advantages of a digital simulation. 19. Explain the functions of smoothing reactors in HVDC system. 20. List out the disadvantages of dc simulator.

Part - B
1. Briefly explain about simulation of HVDC system. 2. Draw the physical model of HVDC simulator and explain briefly.

3. List out the advantage and disadvantage of digital simulation. Explain about the function of parity simulator 4. State the advantages& disadvantages of digital dynamic simulation. 5. Write short notes on philosophy and tools used in system simulation. 6. Describe the modeling of HVDC systems for digital dynamic simulation. 7. Draw the transformer model and explain briefly.

8. Explain about digital dynamic simulation and list its feature. 9. Show and explain the physical models for a HVDC simulator. 10. List out the various problems that can be studied using a dc simulator and also given its applications. 11. Give in detail how a converter model is simulated and analyzed using digital dynamic simulation techniques.