Table of Contents

MLA Citation Guide for Book with 1 Author & Books with 2-3 Authors MLA Citation Guide for Book with More Than 3 Authors & Chapter or Article from an Anthology or Compilation MLA Citation Guide for Edition Other Than the First & Magazine Article MLA Citation Guide for Newspaper Article & Interview MLA Citation Guide for Documentary & Website MLA Citation Guide for Journal Article from a Subscription Database & Works Cited Page Formatting Information Website Evaluation Worksheet Examples of Introducing and Incorporating Quotes Sample Works Cited Page Sample Annotated Bibliography Other Notes on Incorporating Quotes & Other Examples of Introducing and Incorporating Quotes with In-Text Citations 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-9 10 11 12

Created by Courtnay Hornof for MLA Users

Thank you to Rexann McKinley for your contributions and proofing.

RevisedAugust17,2009

*NotetoUsers:ThisreferenceguidewascreatedafterthenewesteditionoftheMLAHandbookwas released(March2009).Revisionstoaddallchangesweremadetothisreferenceguidebeforethe beginningofthefall2009semester.Ifanyerrorsarefound,pleaseemailme:chornof@kcc.edu.Thank you.

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Website Evaluation Worksheet

Content Consider the following questions by examining the page. Why was the page published on the web? What is the tone of the page? Is it fun, boring, mediocre, organized, professional, popular, humorous, scholarly, and/or serious? What should the tone be according to the information you are trying to obtain? Is the site trying to advocate, sell, advertise, report, or inform? Is this a personal site? Is the information dated? Is the topic changing from day to day? Is the information liable to change in any given time? Is the date on the site suitable for these changes if and when they take place? How in-depth is the material? Are there permissions to reproduce the material located anywhere on the page or is there copyright material provided? Is it possible that the information provided is reproduced/copied from another source or internet site? Is the information provided on the page something you can find in a textbook or other print resource? In other words, would you be able to verify the information provided on the site by visiting your school library? Why or why not?

Credibility Evaluate the website address. What knowledge do you gain about the website from this evaluation? What kind of website is it? Whose site is it? Is the site educational (.edu), organizational (.org), commercial (.com), network (.net), governmental (.gov), business organization (.biz), United States (.us), informational (.info), television (.tv), country specific (.au, .ca, .de, .co, .uk, etc.)? Now, skim through the page of the site you are on. Is there any contact information for the author? Look for the name of the author, organization, institution, agency, publisher, and/or whoever is responsible for maintaining the site. What type of contact information are we given? Is the person maintaining the site qualified? Is the author a proper source for the material he, she, or it is covering on this page? (Example: Is an English professor writing about a scientific topic? Is he or she the most reliable source for this information?) Is there an agenda? Is there any bias? Is the sponsor or organization reputable? Is there a bibliography or works cited list documenting any sources compiled or consulted in preparing the information on this website page?

Currency Are there any additional links on the page where you may be able to explore the topic further? If so, explore these links. Do they take you to sites that may be trustworthy? Is so, what makes you think that these additional sites may be trustworthy? Are there any dead links (links that take you to an unavailable page)? When was the site last updated?

Clarity Are there any unfamiliar slang terms used on the site? Is the text on the site written with care? Is the grammar and spelling acceptable? Is the website easily navigated? Can you get around the site without much trouble? Or do you get lost?

Does the sites structure change every time you visit?

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Examples of Introducing and Incorporating Quotes with In-Text Citations

In fact, as Wilentz demonstrates As quoted in Past-On Stories: History and the Magically Real, Morrison and Allende on Call by P. Gabrielle Foreman, Morrison explains It is about a young man who wants to take flight as many African Americans already have (Lester 23). Maggie Ann Bowers explains these occurrences as myster[ies] [that] do not descend to the represented world, but rather hide and palpitate behind it (3). Booth also mentions that the notions of human greatness were [] reduced to the question of fame or national luminosity. Once all the souls in the world are in their pure forms the world will achieve its final Unity and become God (Elder 16). When discussing the significance of odors, Largey and Watson suggest, an untrustworthy person may be described as a stinker (1021-1022). Pifer states that this is happening in the midst of Saxons tradition of proper attire and social etiquette, [that] this wild pregnant girl protests in the only language she knows (81). Learning, a very broad category, includes what has been referred to as entertainment education (Kaiser par. 5). Mohan J. Dutta Bergman argues that because television is entertainment-oriented [] the health conscious consumer looking for health information is less likely to learn the information from television (278). As a matter of fact, since 1974 when journalist S. I. Hayakawa recognized television as a powerful instrument of social change, many script-writers and health and social organizations have realized the potential of audience outreach by using soap operas to raise awareness of social and health issues. According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, in the United States and around the world, public health organizations are increasingly turning to entertainment media from soap operas to sitcoms to reality shows as a way to reach the public with health messages (par. 1). Missy Dehn Kubitschek asserts that Troy virtually re-creates the destructive relationship between his father and himself and of course, that duplication is seen very vividly within the conversations between Cory and his father (186). Hornof implied that her grandmother, Alice, lived her life intelligently. She further clarified by citing William Shakespeares famous lines brevity is the soul of wit from his play Hamlet (qtd. in Hornof 1).

Hornof Works Cited for Examples of Introducing and Incorporating Quotes with In-Text Citations
Booth, Wayne C. The Rhetorical Stance. Toward a New Rhetoric. Los Angeles: Harper Collins, 1963. Rpt. in College

Composition and Communication by NCTE 14.3 (Oct. 1963): 139-145. Academic Search Premier. Web. 1 April 2006. Bowers, Maggie Ann. Magic(al) Realism. London: Routledge, 2004. Print. Dutta-Bergman, Mohan J. Primary Sources of Health Information: Comparisons in Domain of Health Attitudes, Health Cognitions, and Health Behaviors. Health Communication 2004: 273-288. Academic Search Premier. Web. 1 April 2006. Elder, Marjorie. Nathaniel Hawthorne Transcendental Symbolist. North Carolina: Ohio UP, 1969. Print. Foreman, P. Gabrielle. Past-On Stories: History and the Magically Real, Morrison and Allende on Call Magical Realism: Theory, History, and Community. Ed. Lois Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B. Faris. Durham: Duke UP, 1995. 285-303. Print. Hayakawa. S.I. Social Change Through TV. The Saturday Evening Post March 1974: 46, 113. Print. Hornof, Courtnay. Grandmas Eulogy. 1 January 2006. Print. Kaiser Family Foundation. Entertainment Education and Health in the United States. Issue Brief. 7047. 15 April 2004. Program for the Study of Entertainment Media and Health. Web. 4 April 2006 <http://www.kff.org/entmedia/ 7047.cfm>. Kubitschek, Missy Dehn. August Wilsons Gender Lesson. May All Your Fences Have Gates: Essays on the Drama of August Wilson. Ed. Alan Nadel. Iowa City: U of Iowa P, 1994. 183-199. Print. Largey, Gale Peter and David Rodney Watson. The Sociology of Odors. The American Journal of Sociology 77.6 (May 1972): 1021-1034. JSTOR. Web. 6 Dec. 2004. Lester, Julius. People Who Could Fly. Toni Morrisons Song of Solomon: A Casebook. Ed. Jan Furman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2003. 21-23. Print. Pifer, Lynn. Coming to Voice in Alice Walkers Meridian: Speaking out for the Revolution. African American Review 26.1 (1992): 77-89. Academic Search Premier. Web. 29 Sep. 2004. Wilentz, Gay. Civilizations Underneath: African Heritage as Cultural Discourse in Toni Morrisons Song of Solomon. Toni Morrisons Song of Solomon: A Casebook. Ed. Jan Furman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2003. 137-161. Print.

Hornof 10 Works Cited Asher, Donald. How to Get Any Job with Any Major. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press, 2004. Print. Gillespie, Kerry. Librarians Fear for Privacy. Toronto Star 22 June 2003: A08. Newspaper Source. Web. 21 Nov. 2008. Kaplan, Allison G. Is Your School Librarian 'Highly Qualified'? Phi Delta Kappan 89.4 (Dec. 2007): 300-303. Academic Search Complete. Web. 21 Nov. 2008. Levine, Jenny. Chapter 5: Broadening Gaming Services in Libraries. Library Technology Reports 44.3 (April 2008): 24-34. Academic Search Complete. Web. 21 Nov. 2008. Neighbours, Andrea. From the Stacks to the Internet, Librarians Still Keep up... Christian Science Monitor 88.248 (Nov. 1996): 13. Newspaper Source. Web. 21 Nov. 2008. Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2008-09 Edition, Librarians. Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Department of Labor, 18 Dec. 2007. Web. 21 Nov. 2008 <http://www.bls.gov/oco/ ocos068.htm>. Schmidt, Karen, Wendy Allen Shelburne, and David Steven Vess. Approaches to Selection, Access, and Collection Development in the Web World. Library Resources & Technical Services 52.3 (July 2008): 184-191. Academic Search Complete. Web. 21 Nov. 2008. Seaver, Kathy. From Helpful Teen to History Librarian A Recruitment Story. Youth Adult Library Services 7.1 (Fall 2008): 24-25. Academic Search Complete. Web. 21 Nov. 2008.

Hornof 11 Annotated Bibliography Asher, Donald. How to Get Any Job with Any Major. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press, 2004. Print. In this interesting book, Asher offers advice to college students about choosing a career and what that entails. He goes even further by arguing that one can get almost any job he or she wants with the right tools. Gillespie, Kerry. Librarians Fear for Privacy. Toronto Star 22 June 2003: A08. Newspaper Source. Web. 21 Nov. 2008. This article discusses the Patriot Act and its effect on privacy violations. Canada is currently in the process of passing a similar law, and Gillespie is bringing this idea to the public. Kaplan, Allison G. Is Your School Librarian 'Highly Qualified'? Phi Delta Kappan 89.4 (Dec. 2007): 300-303. Academic Search Complete. Web. 21 Nov. 2008. Kaplan defines the job of a media specialist within the school system. The functions of a school librarian, she argues, are not fully understood by administrators; therefore, media specialists may not be playing a productive role in the learning environment. Levine, Jenny. Chapter 5: Broadening Gaming Services in Libraries. Library Technology Reports 44.3 (April 2008): 24-34. Academic Search Complete. Web. 21 Nov. 2008. This article explores gaming as a tool that can be used to enhance literacy skills. More importantly, however, it suggests that libraries can use games to appeal to younger patrons. Case studies are also provided to show various ways that games have been used to enhance learning and attract teens. Martin, Ann M. Discover Leadership @ AASL and Discover Your Future. Knowledge Quest 37.1 (Sep/Oct 2008): 4-6. Academic Search Complete. Web. 21 Nov. 2008. Martin is reflecting on leadership and how librarians should use leadership skills to bring their into the future. It seems almost like a bunch of snippets that do not flow that well together. Perhaps this article is only a compilation of various leadership-based ideas. Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2008-09 Edition, Librarians. Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Department of Labor, 18 Dec. 2007. Web. 21 Nov. 2008 <http://www.bls.gov/oco/ ocos068.htm>. The Bureau of Labor Statistics classifies the differences between the different types of librarians. It also explores the job functions and projected job outlook for librarians.

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Other Notes on Incorporating Quotes

If you want to use a part of a long quote, you can use an ellipsis in place of words that you are omitting as long as omitting those words will not change the meaning. (See Quotes #1 and #2 below for examples.) Please note that any changes made to a quote (to make it flow a little easier in your writing) should include brackets around it. (See Quotes #1 and #2 below for examples.) Finally, if ellipsis and/or brackets do not suit your purpose, you can paraphrase or summarize. No matter which method you use, though, you must cite your source. Original Text from Source: Following a strict protocol from day to day is necessary to keep the students from taking control of the classroom. Most teachers know that when they get 25-30 teenagers into one room, chaos can result if proper measures are not taken. The advanced organizer shows the students exactly what they need to complete and how much time they have to complete each task. a) Quote #1: Courtnay Hornof explains that the advanced organizer shows the students [what needs to be completed] (2). b) Quote #2: Importantly, as Hornof argues, when [teachers] get 25-30 teenagers into one room, chaos can result [] (2). c) Paraphrase: a. Courtnay Hornof uses systematic approach to illustrate what needs to be done and keep control in her hands (2). d) Summary: a. Courtnay Hornof uses a specific method in her classroom to keep control (2). MLA Works Cited Citation Hornof, Courtnay. My Teaching Philosophy. University Park: GSU, 2005. Print.

Other Examples of Introducing and Incorporating Quotes with In-Text Citations

Marine biologist Wayne Shepard has noted that ". . . ." (153). Psychiatrist Susan Rich offers this argument: "[must be complete sentence]" (112). Rich continues, pointing out that ". . . " (115). Conductors of the KCC survey also found that ". . . " ("First Generation"). Noted expert in the field, Bonnie Hunt asserts, ". . . " (21). Publishers Bedford and Kraus predict, ". . . " (253). CBS News correspondent Katie Couric offers a plausible counterargument: "[must be complete sentence]" ("Against").