SECTION 5: CONCRETE STRUCTURES

5-125

Where the least dimension varies along the length of wall, footing, or other component, multiple sections should be examined to represent the average condition at each section. Spacing shall not exceed:

3.0 times the component thickness, or 18.0 in. 12.0 in. for walls and footings greater than 18.0 in. thick 12.0 in. for other components greater than 36.0 in. thick

For components 6.0 in. or less in thickness the minimum steel specified may be placed in a single layer. Shrinkage and temperature steel shall not be required for:

Permanent prestress of 0.11 ksi is equivalent to the resistance of the steel specified in Eq. 5.10.8-1 at the strength limit state. The 0.11 ksi prestress should not be added to that required for the strength or service limit states. It is a minimum requirement for shrinkage and temperature crack control. The spacing of stress-relieving joints should be considered in determining the area of shrinkage and temperature reinforcement. Surfaces of interior walls of box girders need not be considered to be exposed to daily temperature changes. See also Article 12.14.5.8 for additional requirements for three-sided buried structures.

End face of walls 18 in. or less in thickness Side faces of buried footings 36 in. or less in thickness Faces of all other components, with smaller dimension less than or equal to 18.0 in.

If prestressing tendons are used as steel for shrinkage and temperature reinforcement, the tendons shall provide a minimum average compressive stress of 0.11 ksi on the gross concrete area through which a crack plane may extend, based on the effective prestress after losses. Spacing of tendons should not exceed either 72.0 in. or the distance specified in Article 5.10.3.4. Where the spacing is greater than 54.0 in., bonded reinforcement shall be provided between tendons, for a distance equal to the tendon spacing.
5.10.9Post-Tensioned Anchorage Zones 5.10.9.1General C5.10.9.1

Anchorages shall be designed at the strength limit states for the factored jacking forces as specified in Article 3.4.3. For anchorage zones at the end of a component or segment, the transverse dimensions may be taken as the depth and width of the section but not larger than the longitudinal dimension of the component or segment. The longitudinal extent of the anchorage zone in the direction of the tendon shall not be less than the greater of the transverse dimensions of the anchorage zone and shall not be taken as more than one and one-half times that dimension. For intermediate anchorages, the anchorage zone shall be considered to extend in the direction opposite to the anchorage force for a distance not less than the larger of the transverse dimensions of the anchorage zone.

With slight modifications, the provisions of Article 5.10.9 are also applicable to the design of reinforcement under high-load capacity bearings. The anchorage zone is geometrically defined as the volume of concrete through which the concentrated prestressing force at the anchorage device spreads transversely to a more linear stress distribution across the entire cross-section at some distance from the anchorage device. Within the anchorage zone, the assumption that plane sections remain plane is not valid. The dimensions of the anchorage zone are based on the principle of St. Venant. Provisions for components with a length smaller than one of its transverse dimensions were included to address cases such as transverse prestressing of bridge decks, as shown in Figure C5.10.9.1-1.

2010 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.