How To:

BUILD A SCREENED PATIO

REPAIR SHEET ROCK
KEEP HOME MOTORS RUNNING
Display Your
Collection In
This Decorative
Wall Hutch
MAKE A PORTABLE GARDENER'S BENCH

Plans For a Space

Saving Desk
NOW . . Take Advantage of This
Popular Introductory Offer!
Yo u ca n have The WORKBASKET deli vered by mail
to you for one year for only $1.00. That's twelve color-
ful iss ues for j ust By:! cents each.
And remember. you a lso get the free coll ection of hot
iron transfers.Just to make sure vou don't have to wait
for a new bate to be printed. don't you send your
order right . ' The coupon on this page is for your
convenience .. . mail it with just on e dollar today,
to be sure.
A WORLD OF NEEDLEWORK KNOW-HOW
FOR YOU IN The WORKBASKET
Engaging, carefully edited di rections for croc he ted. knitted a nd tatted a r t icl es mak e
up the ba ckbone of The WORKBASKET . Of course there is a generous a mount
of information on q uilting. edging , weaving a nd almost every oth er type of needle-
work under the sun. Cr afts , like costume je we lry, beadcraft a nd figuri ne painti ng
are ve ry ofte n fea tured.
But you ge t more tha n needl ecra rts! Pages throu ghout every iss ue are loaded with
wa ys to make your life easier. T hese household hints will sa ve you time .. . as
well as mone y. And ju st wait until the famil y savors one of your meals taken fro m
ta ste exciting recipes in The WORKBASKET!
Spontaneous letters written to Aunt Ellen revea l an amazing fact. Most folks ke ep ,
a nd file. every si ngle issue! Some subsc r ibe rs have copies dati ng back twe nt y yea rs.
All these things testify to th e cu rrent. a nd continui ng. usefulness of this magazine.
But see for yourse lf ho w you ca n henefit. You' ll find Aunt Ellen's WO RKBASKET
"sized" to fi t your needs.
Name! _
Street or RFD _
City Zone_ _ I
State I
o Chec k her e if you now take The WO RKBASKET. I
[ 1
Mail Coupon On This Page,
or Send Order to :
The WORKBASKET
Dept. 47 1, Handcraft Building
Kansas City 11 , Missouri
By Victor B. Mason
while I am still able to he lp l
I'd like to give this to
my fellow men...
summer home, my Cadillacs, my Winter-
long vacations and my sense of independ-
ence-behind all the wealth of cash and
deep inner satisfaction that I enjoy-there
is one simple secret. It is this secret that
I would like to impart to you. If you are
sa tisfied wit h a humdr um life of service
to another master, turn this page now-
read no more. If you are int er es ted in a
fulle r life, free from bosses, free from
worr ies. free from fear s , read furt he r.
This message may be meant for you.
I was young once, as you may be-today
I am older. Not too old to enjoy the fruits
of my work, but older in the sense of being
wiser. And once I was poor, desperately
poor. Today almost any man can stretch
his income to make ends meet. Today,
there are few who hunger for bread and
shelter. But in my yout h I knew the pinch
of pove rty; the emptiness of hunger ; the
cold stare of the creditor who would not
take exc uses for money. Today, all that
is past. And behind my city house, my
I a m printing my mes sa ge in a maga-
zine. It may come to the attention of
thousands of ey es . But of all those
thousands, only a few will have the
vis ion to under s t a nd. Many may re ad;
but of a thousand only you may have
the in tuition, t he sensitivity, to under -
stand that what I am writing may be
intended for you-may be the tide that
shapes your destiny, which, taken a t
the crest, carries you to levels of inde-
pendence beyond the dreams of avar ice .
Don' t misunderstand me. There is
no mystici sm in this. I am not s pea k-
ing of occult things; of innumerable
laws of nature that will sweep yo u to
success without effor t on y our part.
That s ort of t alk is rubb ish! And a ny-
one who tries to t ell you that you can
thi nk your wa y to ri ches without effort
is a false friend . I a m too much of a
realist for that. And I hope y ou a re.
I hope you a re t he kind of man-if
you ha ve read this far-who knows
tha t a nyt hing worthwhile has to be
earned! I hope y ou have learned that
there is no r eward without effor t. If
you ha ve learned this, then you may be
ready to t ake the nex t s tep in the
devel opment of your karma-you may
be ready to learn a nd use the secret I
have to impart.
I Have All The Money I Need
I n my own life I ha ve gone beyond the need
of money. I ha ve it . I have gone beyond
the need of ga in. I ha ve two bu sinesses that
pa y me a n in come well above any amount
I ha ve need for . And, in addition, I have
the satisfaction-t he deep sa t is fac t ion-of
knowing tha t I ha ve put more than three
hundred other men in busines ses of their
own. Since I have no need for money, the
greatest satisfaction I get fr om life, is shar-
ing my secret of pers onal independence with
others-seeing them ac hieve the same
heights of happines s that have come into
my own lif e.
Plea se don't misunder stand this state-
ment. I a m not a philanthropist. I bel iev e
t hat char ity is s omet hing that no proud
man will a ccept. I ha ve never s een a man
who wa s worth his salt who would accept
something for nothing. I have never met a
highly succes sful man whom the world re-
spected who did not sacrifice something to
gain his position. And, unless you a re will-
ing to make a t least half t he effor t , I'm not
interested in giving you a " leg up" to the
a chievement of your goal. Frankly, I'm
going to charge you so met hing for the
secret I give you. Not a lot-but enough to
make me beli eve that you are a little above
the fellows who merely " wis h " for success
and a re not willing to sacrifice s omet hing
to get it.
A Fascinating and Peculiar
Business
I have a business that is peculiar-one of
my busines ses . The unusual thing about it
is that it is need ed in e very little co mmu nit y
throughout this co unt ry. But it is a busi-
ness that will never be invaded by the "big
fellows". It ha s t o be ha ndled on a local
basis. No gi ant oc t opus ca n ever gobble up
the whol e thing. No bi g combine is ever
going to des t r oy it. It is essentia lly a " one
man" busines s that ca n be operated with-
out outside help. It is a busines s tha t is
good s u mmer a nd win t er. It is a business
that is growing each year. And, it is a busi-
nes s that can be s tart ed on a n i nvest ment
so s mall that it is withi n the reach of a nyone
who has a t el evision se t . But i t has nothing
t o do wi th t el evision .
This business ha s a not he r peculia ri ty. It
can be started at home i n spare time. No
ri sk to pres ent j ob. No ri sk to present in-
come. And no need t o let a nyone else know
you are "on your own". It can be run as a
spare time busi nes s for ex t ra money. Or,
a s it grows to the poin t where it is pa ying
more than your present sala ry, it can be
expa nded into a f ull time busines s- over-
night. It can give you a se nse of per sonal
independence t hat will fr ee you for ever
from the fear of lay-off, los s of j ob, depres-
s ions, or ec ono mic re verses .
Are You Mechanically I ncli ned?
While the operation of this business is
partly automatic, it won't run itself. If you
are to use it as a stepping stone to inde-
pendence, you must be able to work with
your hands, use s uc h to ol s a s hammer a nd
screw driver, and enjoy getting int o a pair
of blue jeans and rolli ng up your s leeves .
But two hours a day of manual work will
keep your " fa ct ory " r unni ng 24 hours turn-
ing out a product that has a s tea d y and
r ea dy sale in e ver y communi ty. A half
dollar spent for raw materials can bring
you six dollars in cash-six t imes a day.
In this message I'm not go i ng to try t o
t ell you the ent ire s tor y . There is not
enough space on this page. And, I a m not
going to ask you t o s pend a penny now t o
learn the se cre t . I'll send you all the in-
formation, fr ee. If you are interes t ed in
becoming independent, in becoming your
own boss, in knowing the sweet fruit s of
success as I know them , send me your
name. That's all. Just your name. I won't
ask you for a penny. I'll send you a ll t he
information about one of t he most fascinat-
ing busines ses you can imagine. Wi t h these
fa cts, you will ma ke your own inves t iga ti on.
You will ch eck up on conditions in your
neighborhood. You will we ig h a nd a nalyze
the whole proposition. Then, a nd then only ,
if you decide to t a ke the next step, I'll
allow you t o in ves t $15.00. And even t he n,
if yo u decide t hat your fifteen dollars ha s
been badly in vested I'll return it to you .
Don't hesi t a t e to se nd your na me. I ha ve no
sal esmen. I will merel y wri t e you a long let -
t er a nd se nd you co mplete fact s a bo ut the
busin ess I have found t o be so s ucce s sful.
After that, you make the deci sions.
Does Happiness Hang on Your
De cis io n?
Don't put this off. It ma y be a co incidence
that you a re r eading these words r ight now.
Or, it ma y be a matter that is more deeply
co nnected with your des tiny t ha n either of
us can sa y. There is only one thing certain:
If yo u ha ve r ead this far you are inter es t ed
in the kind of independence I enjoy. And if
tha t is true, then you must take t he next
s tep. No coupon on this a dvertisement. If
you don't think enough of your fut ure hap-
pines s a nd pros per i t y t o wri te your na me
on a postcard and mail it t o me, forget t he
whole thing. But if you think t her e is a
destiny tha t shapes men' s li ves , se nd yo ur
name now. What I se nd you may co nvi nce
you of the truth of this proverb. And what
I send you will not cost a penny, now or a t
any other time.
VICTOR B. MASON
1512 Ja rvi s Ave. , Suite M-6- E
CHICAGO 26, ILLINOIS
number 3 1 4
New York, N. Y., Murray Bernhard
118 East 40th, OXford 75420
Pasadena , Cal iforn ia. Murray Bothwell
234 East Colorado, RYan 19155
St. louis, Mo.: John Cockerell , Inc. George Glover
915 Olive s-; GArf ield 1-0907
Del and , Florida , R. W. Hunter
Box 1280, Deland 1417W
Chicago, Illino is, John R. Cockerell
360 North Michigan , ANdover 3-6929
ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES
DEPARTMENTS
Keeping Up With Craft and Home Products 3
The Craft and Home Bookshe lf.. 6
Pub licat ions You Can Get From Uncle Sam 21
Advice to Apply to Appliances 52
J . J . li ghter
This Might He lp 62
Cover illustration of Wall Hutch by Roberta l. Fairall.
A lamp You Can Pull From the Wall.. 38
Elma Waltner
Clothes Tree for a Child's Room 40
Howard E. Moody
Contrasting Plalt ers in Fish Shapes 42
Donald X. Fenten
Ricochet Checker Shooting Game 45
Frank Shore
light That Glows On In the Dark 46
Ken Murray
Flowerpot Stand 47
Dale Mor ey
Easy Does II With This Table 48
Pau l Corey
WORKBENCH V 0 I u m e
Jack Tillotson, Publisher
Theodore M. O'Leary, Editor
M. V. Greene, Classified Adv. Mgr.
Contents for May- June, 1958
The contents of WORKBENCH are indexed in The
Reader ' s Guide to Per iodi cal Literature, which is o n
file in all public libraries.
ARTICLES
Add A Screened Pat io To You r House B
Mirror Mounting Me thods 17
Dale Morey
A Desk That Hugs the Wall.. 1B
A Tray For Your Poc kets' Contents 21
Albert lecla ir
A Way to Repa ir Sheet Rock 22
E. Hoffman
Gardener's Bench That's Portable 24
John Krill
Display Your Co llec t ion in this
Decorative Wall Hutch 26
Roberta l. Fairall
Preventing Home Electrical Mishaps 29
Ted Morgan
Illuminated Tracing Box 30
Harry J . Miller
Combinat ion Tab le-Chair-Ste p Stool... 32
Ron And e rson
So You've J ust Boug ht a Hou se 34
Art hur S. Green
l aced Wall Rack 37
29Piece Chrome Vanadium
DRILL SET
Specially made for speed drilling. I n
sturdy pla stic tool roll. Finest allo),
steel drills hardened and precision
gro un d to the sharpest , longest la st lng
eut tlng edge obt a in able ; \"'111 ea sily and
clea nl v bite th rough hardwood s. plas-
tics, alu minu m. ir on and th e ronenest
stee ls. tj ncondttt onans guara nteed for
t hous ands of Full jobber length. Sizes b)'
tHt hs from 1/1 6" to There are only a li mit ed
O; t $649
Now .. . . .. . . .. . . . . .. ppd.
Al so avail able with Turned Down $ 95
Sh anks to fi t all )4" drills. I n Indl- 8
vidual pocket roll.. . .. . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. . p p d.

WIRE GAUGE DRILLS
P erfect for workshop. orn-e. pl ant .
horne, g a r a g e , photogr aph y. 4
1
t.: "
htahly pol lshed heavy aluminum (h't"p
ref lector set in e tea mt na nickel socket.
Jlea\':- duty sprfng clamp with white
r ubber gri ps that sec urely fasten to
anv p r o f e c t Le n , no matter how
, moo j b, to I':: I\"e s-ou steady, vlbratton-
tree Pour-war adjustable hall and socket
swivel permit s sett ing of Iluht In any dlrE'l"tlon . Six

va l ue ! . " ... ,' . ....... ... . ... . . ... . . 3 for $ 7 ppd :
for Shop, Inspection Bench,
Machine Too' , Laboratories
Swlvefs and aneles in every cnncelva ble (11-
rect ion . Gua ra nteed t o hold vcur l lJ;tht ex-
aet lv where want it beca use a arms
(2-12" & 1- 10" ) arli n... t on 3 hall jo int s,
Ea sy to moun t a n ywhere. Tak es up to 100-
watt hulb . Has g-foot, Ionn-weartns nee-
prene cord and plu g. Fi n1. ...hed in pate green with
$495
ann so it cannot come off or pull bulb plu s SOc
1"000ke t a na rt , " . , ., " , . pp. &hdlg.
------P;lished
CLAMP-ON LAMP
Top Quality German im port hi gh l es t
Chrome Yanad t um Dri ll s deshrned fo r
spee d drilling through toughest st eels,
woods, pla sti c, Iron and alumi n um. P reci sion gr ound
long -Ia ..tlnl:: cutting edges. Gua r an t eed to give years
$540
Onlr . . .. . . . .. . .. . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
p lus 35c PP. and hd lg .
$665
contatner only . .... . . . .... . . , . . ' " . "
p l us 35c pp . and hdlQ,
Al so Available - 20PC. SET $2
50
__
ONLY 75c EACH
for the FINEST QUALITY Imported
PRECISION PLIERS
Flal Nose Combinat ion Diogonal
Culler 0 End Culling Nippers
Round Nose One Side Fl, t - One
SidJl Round 0 Snipe
FOR J I- :\\, EU :RS. OP T ((' I. wonrcuns.
1I0llllYISTS. en" OF ALL
J\:IXDS! Th ese superb European Inst ru -
merits nre of deep -I nrged, hent-j.reated
high qualltv t ool st ee l. Inbrtr-ated to most
execnne A f l -over around
and poli ..hed t o smoot h ha rd surfaces.
Smooth worktng joint s with Just the rl" ht
t ension. Jaws me et perfect ly t o sa telv
and securely hohl even the most Ip,
the hard-tu- reach corners and nn er is ..
tone and a writable gent of nre clsfon and st rena t h.
75c each all 7 for $5.00

Adjustable
WORKBENCH LAMP
- - - - -:- - - S';;;'gica'iSI;;'I:t!a-;;dc,o-;;;;d
SET OF 12
CARVING KNIVES

If C.O. D. fees extra. Money-Back Guarantee.
SCOTT-MITCHEU HOUSE, Inc.
Dept. W-S, 611 B'way, New York 12, N. Y.
WORKBENCH is publ ished bi-monthlv by Modern Handcraft, Inc., 543 Westport Road, Kansas City 11.
Missouri. Enter ed as second class matter at the Post Office at Kansas Cit y, Missouri; additional entry at
Chicago, Illinoi s. Thirty -five cents a copy. Annual subs cri pti ons $2 in the Unit ed States a nd its po sses-
sions; $2.50 in Canada; Foreign subscr ipt ions, $2.50. Six weeks advan ce no ti ce requ ired for chan ge of
sub scr ipt ion address. Both old and new add re sses mu st be give n, and request marked for Circulation
Department, WORKBENCH. Print ed in the U. S. A., Copyright 1958, by Modern Handcraft , Inc.
Contributors should make a copy of all manuscripts submitte d. Every effort will be made to
ret urn re jected manuscripts, photographs, and d iagr ams , if accompanie d by sufficie nt fir st cla ss po stage,
but WORKBENCH wi ll not be responsible for any loss of such mater ial.
2 WORKB ENCH
keeping up with craft and home products
In communicating with companies whose products a re descr ib ed in this department.
please mentio n WORKBENCH.
Carton-Opener, Cutter,
Scraper
A NEW unique combination carton-
opener cutter and scraper called
"DOOzee " manufactured by Zee,
Inc., of 1784 Summer Street, Stam-
ford, Connecticut, has just been in-
vented and is now being distributed
nationally.
Retailing for $1 complete with
three blades and with refills avail-
able at 25 cents for a package of
three, the DOOzee is most appro-
pria te for use by every housewife,
artist, mechanic, craftsman, model-
maker, sportsman, merchant and the
like. An all-purpose novel combina-
ti on tool designed for maximum effi-
ci ency, safety and comfort, the
DOOzee has a sturdy one-piece
handle that never has to be taken
apart and reassembled. It features
a remov able, left or right-handed,
carton-guard for fast, safe opening
of cartons of all kinds. The blades
are thick, heavy-duty cutters-not
th e ordinary razor blades-and have
mono-beveled, chisel like edges for
durability.
DOOzee is the first carton-opener
specially designed to do an efficient
job of opening the different types of
food cartons. The toughest. corru-
gated cartons fall before DOOzee's
power t o o pen . F or safety, the blade
r etracts easily and speedily into the
handle. There are, of course, many
other every-day uses both for men
and women, related to their every-
day work and hobbies. The DOOzee,
for example, is perfect for cutting
paper, corrugated board, wallpaper,
linoleum, textiles, leather, floor cov-
erings, roofing paper and pla st er
wall board to name a few poss ibil i-
ti es. It is, in addition, ideal for scrap-
ing paint and stickers off glass, old
paint, off furniture and other home
furnishings , even in those hard- to-
reach spots. It is excellent for
cutting balsa wood us ed in making
models, cutting insulation from wire,
whittling, carving, pattern-making
and in fact for all cutting jobs that
do not require a long blade. Carrying
three blades, tracked in a channel,
to prevent damage to edges before
using, each spare is ready to replace
a worn-out blade.
DOOzee can be obtained for $1,
postpaid, from Zee, Incorporated,
P. O. Box 66, Ridgeway St a ti on,
St a mford, Connecticut.
Jig Saw Attachment
A NEW jig saw attachment for Black
& Decker %" drills is announced by
t he Bla ck & Decker Manufacturing
Com pa ny . Easily operated with one
hand, the jig saw attachment clamps
securely to B&D %" drills to make
straight, curved or irregular cuts.
Its capacity in softwood is %" and
in hardwood %" . With the proper
blade, the attachment can also cut
practically any other building mate-
rial known.
The jig saw attachment is designed
with a large, comfortably grooved
taper handle for ease in controlling
the tool while cutting. An exclusive
dust-blower utilizes the d rill's cool-
ing fan to keep the cutting line free
of chips and sawdust in front of t he
blade. The combined unit can also be
mounted in the regular Black &
Decker j ig saw table by slightly ele-
vati ng t he table legs.
Other %" drill attachments avail-
able in the Black & Decker line i n-
clude saw, orbital sander, screw-
dr iver, ro tc-hone, a nd hedge trim-
mer. Thes e pr oducts a re markete d
through w ho I e s a I e r s to hardware,
bui lding supply, and certain specialty
outlets.
Electric. Appliance Tester
A NEW item for the do-it-yourself
home handyman has just been intro-
duced by Plug-Rite, Inc., 3232 Olive
Street, St. Louis 3, Missouri. This
safety device, called the Plug-Rite,
is a small electronic tester which
tells at a glance whether an electr ic
appliance is plugged in correctly or
if it may have a defect in it. Consist-
ing of a shockproof, high impact
Styr ene case with a metal prong, a
metal button and a red indicator
light, the Plug-Rite will check any
110-120 volt A.C . appliance (110-120
volts A.C. is the standard household
current in this country).
To use it, the appliance to be
checked is plugged in, and turned on .
The metal prong is touched to bare
metal on the appliance and the thumb
pressed on the metal button. If the
indicator light glows, the appliance
plug should be reversed in the wall
socket. If the light does not glow, the
appliance is plugged in properly. If,
on reversing the plug, the light still
glows, the appliance has some short
circuit or other defect and should be
checked immediately.
Packaged with the tester are s elf-
sticking orange dots which can be
placed on the corresponding sides of
the appliance plug and the electric
outlet so that the appliance can be
plugged in correctly after it has been
t est ed.
Al so included are full instructions
in t he operation of Plug-Rite.
Extra Strong Cement Glue
A NEW, greatly improved watertight
cement glue has just been perfected
called Wu I' d a c k' s Cr yst al Cement
Glu e which will not freeze and is
MAY-JUNE, 1958 3
If you are th e talented aut hor
of a n unpub lish ed manus cr ip t ,
let us he lp ga in t he recognit ion
y o u d eserv e . We w i ll publ is h
your BOOK- we wi ll edi t, des ign ,
pr int. promot e, adve r t ise and
sell it I Good royal ties.
Write for f ReE copy of
How To Publish Your Book
COMET PRESS BOOKS, Dept . PHS
200 Yorick SI. , N. Y. 14
VOSBURY PATTERNS
540 Conklin Ave., Binghamton, N. Y.
EYElETS AND TRIMMINGS, TOO'
2 YD. LENGTHS. 'i- TO2- WIDE, <4S YOS.. .. 2.1B
JVR/ 7E FOA FlUE CATAU)(; .
Mental Health
Campaign
Give!
He's back on the job
because . .. Someone like you gave
him a helping hand after his discharge
as a mental patient.
Help thousands like himby givingyour
welcoming hand and your support to the
WOTRING CO., CATASAUQUA 44, PA.
THE NEW Hoppy Split-Image Transit
makes present day bubble type car-
penter levels almost obsol ete. This
amazing and inexpensive transit not
only indicates level , but s hows ex-
actly how m uch correction is needed.
The Hoppy Split-Image Transit re-
quires only one person for its simple
operation. This preci si on instrument
ca n measure incline down to the
thinness of a dime a t twenty-five
feet. It is so accurate that it can
eve n be used instead of expensive
surveying equipment for most grad-
ing and construction work. The
Hoppy Split-Image Transit is made
of a sturdy plastic, metal and pro-
tected mirrors so it can be used
under a lmost any circumstances
without fear of breakage. This handy
tool has a multitude of uses for a ny-
one from the do-it-yourself er to the
engi neer. It is an ideal tool for car-
heat, acid and water resis tant .
It is recommended for pa t ching
br oken m asonry walls , driveways,
walks, stai rs, basement walls ( par-
ticularly if t hey are damp), levelling
floors, repairing broken corners of
buildings , precast conc r et e shapes,
masonry pipes, vi t reo u s tile, etc.
It is also recomm ended for water-
tight tuck pointing a nd ext r a strong
stucco and pl aster patches. Feather -
ing down to a thin, smooth bond is
easily accomplished even by an ama-
teur when Crystal Cement Glue is
added to the mortar.
Cr yst al Cement Glue, the makers
say, is easily applied by any person
able to work with ordinary cement
or patching plaster and it forms a
strong, iron-hard, long lasting water-
proof bond. I n fact, according to the
makers, it may be used to bond ce-
ment, wood. iron, steel, glass, plas-
tic, brick, stone or almost any mate-
rial. $1.60 per pint, postpaid. Wur-
dack Ch emical Co., Fyler Ave., St.
Louis 9, Missouri.
Accurate Transit-Level
Bound Mont hly Issues
(Sept . ' 57- J une ' 5B) duro
a bly bo und in la y-flat
plastic binding. Over
300 pa ges- Cra ft Ideas,
Se aso nal Act i vit ie s and
Ski ts for $2
onl y . .
PACK-O-FUN
Dept. 3S8, 741 Devon Avenue
Park Ridg e, Illinoi s
Encl osed is:
o S1.00 for " How to Make SOCK TOYS" Book.
o S1.00 for 3 PACK-O-FUN Help ing Hand Bookle. s.
o SI .50 for I Year Subscription to PACKO.FUN.
o S2.00 for Vol. No.3 PACK-a-FUN Bound Issues.
NAME: _
ADDRESS, _
, CITY Zone__Sta te _
L _
4 WORKBENCH
PUPPETS ANIMALS CHARACTERS NOVELTIES
Over 50 toys .. . all completely new designs .
easy, quick and fun- fa -make from inexpensive Red
Heel and other type socks . Wonder ful low-cost
gifts, bazaar money-makers . . soft, cuddl y to ys
children love ond people will buyl
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BASEMENT DOOR
I
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" Do-it-yo urself" brochure
show ing step-by -ste p repl ace-
ment of wood hat ch wa y, or for
lit erature on adding a n
outside ba semen t entrance.
with a modern all-steel
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Here's the way to add amazing new
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hours of pl easant work to do it
yourself, or your local deal er can
recommend a competent installer.
The Bilco Door pays for itself! Costs
so little, yet never needs repair or
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And, if you plan on finishing your
basement, you'll be proud of the trim
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the key to indoor-outdoor living.
Sold by leading Lumber and Building Supply Dealers everywhere.
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M A Y- J U N E, 1958 :;
penter s , brickla yers, cement work,
foundati on wor k, patio building,
grading of any type, setting of posts,
flooring, surveying, terracing, duct
installation, drainage work, and even
contour plowing-any place where
leveling or grading is necessary. The
Hoppy Split-Image Transit is a valu-
able work and timesaver. It is priced
at $6.95. For more information con -
cerning this handy t ool, contact Hop-
kins Manuf a cturing Corporation, Em-
poria , Kansas.
AN IMPROVED version of the Lockhart
" Snap-On" Gutter Gua rd, a vai la ble
for t he first t ime this year, embodies
s everal innovations tha t m ake it even
more attractive to homeowners.
A do-it-yourself item that a nybody
can install wit h 0 u t s pecial tools,
Snap-On Gutter Guard cov ers eaves
troughs completely and permanently,
keeping out leaves, br anches, birds'
nests , balls, and other debris. By so
doi ng, it prot ect s a gainst clogged
gutters, downspou t s , dry wells and
sewers ; insures against stained side
walls due t o gutters overflowing; and
forestalls da mage to lawns, gardens,
s hrubbery, a nd foundati on pl antings
ca used by water in summer or ice in
winter .
Adapt abl e to gutters of all types
a nd sizes, the new Snap-On Gutter
Guard comes in two-f oot lengths. A
st ur dy al umin um molding of im-
proved design cr imped securely to
qu arter-inch-m esh hot-dipped galvan-
ized wir e cloth engages securely with
the outer li p of t he gutt er . The op-
posite edge of the wir e tucks under
the shingles.
Each two-foot s ection is made to
overlap and reinforce the adjoining
section . Never t heless it is eas ily r e-
movable, if desir ed , for painting. F or
copper gutters, Snap-On Gutter
Guard is supplied with special poly-
ester fi lm applied to th e molding,
to pr event elect roly t ic action.
Snap-On Gutter Guard is available
at hardware, r oofing, plumbing-and-
hea t ing, s heet met a l, lumber. and
building-supply s to r es. Complete de-
scri ptio n and specifications may be
obtai ne d bv wr it ing t o Lockha rt Man-
ufacturing ' Corp., 6350 East Davison ,
Detroit 12, Michigan.
Snap-On Gutter Guards
Reviews By Theodore M. O'Leary
the craft and home bookshelf
form. What do we mean by outdoor
living? Can you have a bea ut iful
home which is little or no trouble to
keep up? Or if you enjoy gardening
how can you plan your space so as
to have just the amount and kind of
gardening you want and no more? If
you don't want to garden at all, don't
even want to go outdoors much, can
your garden space still make a con-
tribution to your indoor living in
terms of what you see when you look
out the windows? Can you have a
garden full of color all year without
hiring a gardener and must this color
come from flowers? How can you
make a back yard feel as private and
livable as the living room inside your
house? How much is your front yard
for you and how much for the
neighborhood?
In order to help you answer those
and other questions involving land-
scaping activities, Mr. Eckbo covers
such matters as the general factors
basic to all landscape problems-cli-
mate, topography, soils, vegetation,
lot and house sizes, size of family and
size of budget. He deals with grad-
ing, drainage, paving, lawn ground
covers, the enclosure of side elements
of the garden room, both structural
and planted, and the shelter element,
constructed or planted. One chapter
discusses plants and planting in de-
tail. Another deals with procedures
for accomplishing all your planting
and design. A series of case studies,
illustrated both with diagrams and
photographs, shows how actual land-
scaping problems have been met in
such a way as to produce one plan-
ning unit, including house and gar-
den, for maximum efficiency and
most complete results. Because he
recognizes that we must all live as
members of a society, Mr. Eckbo also
discusses the relationship between
home and neighborhood as it affects
the life of each family. If the tree
that Jones loves so is shading the
roses of his neighbor, Mrs. Smith,
and causing them to mildew, then
some sort of a compromise must be
reached.
This is a thorough book by a thor-
ough expert. While perhaps a dis-
proportionate . number of the photo-
graphs appear to portray west coast
houses of the extremely modern type,
matters covered in the text apply to
all sorts of houses and grounds in all
parts of the country. Wherever you
live, this book can help you avoid
wasteful and disheartening mistakes,
and make the most of your house
and yard.
THE PURPOSE of landscaping your
grounds, of course, is to enable you
to achieve as many as you can of the
possibilities of th e lot on which your
house is built. Mr. Eckbo suggests
some of those possibilities in question
The Art of Home Landscaping
by Garrett Eckbo
278 pages; illustrated; F. W. Dodge Corp.,
New York City; $5.95.
,
61
1
' G
o
beds. There are all sorts of book-
cases, several radio cabinets for high
fidelity enthusiasts, storage cabinets,
desks, tables, kitchen and service
counters, wardrobes, room dividers,
bunks, beds and headboard cabinets
for beds, closets, and shelves. There
are pieces to add utility and attrac-
tiveness to every room in the house,
including cellar and attic. Most of
the designs are so presented that you
can easily alter the dimensions to fit
the space you have available, a fact
that adds a great deal to the general
usefulness of Mr. Dal Fabbro's book.
IN THE words of its author, Garrett
Eckbo, Los Angeles landscape archi-
tect, the purpose of this book is "to
help you solve the typical, average,
common home planning problems
that appear in the outdoors around
all of our houses. Perhaps while
reading the chapters that follow you
will discover that your property,
whether old or new, has more possi-
bilities than you had realized."
The whole trend of modern living
is to break down the barriers between
indoors and out, to make of the house
and the grounds on which it is built
a pleasing and integrated unit. To
do so, Mr. Eckbo emphasizes, re-
quires all sorts of careful preliminary
planning before you start in to do the
job, or have it done. The importance
of such planning is vividly illustrated
by Mr. Eckbo in the fable of two fam-
ilies with which he begins his book.
One family in a fine new house
plunged into the matter of landscap-
ing without any sort of planning. The
result was a near disaster. The
other family, whose house was older,
proceeded carefully and methodi-
cally. The result-a triumph. Too
hasty action in landscaping can pro-
duce all sorts of unpleasant results-
a patio placed so that it bakes in the
sun all day and burns the feet of
barefoot children, or a planting of
arborvitae that looks pleasant and
orderly under the picture window but
soon grows up to threaten to block
off the window completely.
How to Make Built-In Furniture
by Mario Daf Fabbro
262 pages; illustrated; F. W. Dodge Corp.,
New York City; $6.95.
THE INCREASED use of built-in furniture
is one of the most marked trends in
contemporary house furnishing. Such
furniture fits well in houses of mod-
ern design and it also makes possible
welcome space economies by such de-
vices -as utilizing wall recesses, attics
or space beneath a sloping roof, or
by making full use of a wall area,
from floor to ceiling and side to back.
Designs for more than 100 pieces
of modern built-in furniture are
offered in this book by Mario Dal
Fabbro, one of the most successful
of cont em por a r y furniture designers
and builders. The drawings illustrat-
ing each proj ect have been especially
planned to help the home craftsman
visualize the finished piece, its parts
and the way they are fitted together.
Each design includes a complete view
of the finished piece; front, side and
sectional views as they would appear
in a professional cabinetmaker's
drawings, and an exploded drawing,
with parts shown in detail for order-
ing and cutting. A list of materials
accompanies each design. Accom-
panying instructions give step-by-step
procedure for assembly. Most of the
construction details are standard and
are repeated in many different de-
signs. In order to fit individual needs
the designs can easily be varied by
adding or omitting doors, shelves or
units.
Before presenting the various proj-
ects, Mr. Dal Fabbro offers some
general instructions, including infor-
mation on room measurement (a
vital step in preparing for built-in
furniture ), and handling variable di-
mensions , since some of the dimen-
sions will be determined by the space
the piece of furniture will occupy in
your own particular house. For in-
stance, sloping ceilings determine the
angles necessary in certain pieces.
In this preliminary section Mr. Dal
Fabbro also deals with buying wood,
methods of assembly, finishing, the
various pieces of hardware used,
standard details for door installation
and drawer construction and the ex-
tremely important matter of install-
ing the furniture after it has been
constructed.
Mr. Dal Fabbro offers designs for
a wide array of built-in furniture,
both in size and function, ranging
from a small telephone shelf to an
entire storage wall with rollaway
6 W ORK BENC H
Van Nostrand's Practical Formulary
edited by Will iam R. Minrath
336 pages; D. Van Nostrand Co., lnc.,
Princeton, New Jersey; $5 .95.
WHILE YOU may not contemplate car-
rying the do-it-yourself idea to the
extent of mixing your own brushless
shaving cream or making your own
lipstick, you can find formulas for
doing so among the more than 800
included in "Van Nostrand's Prac-
tical Formulary."
Actually, half or more of the for-
mulas in this book relate closely to
the home workshop, home mainte-
nance, repair and improvement
fields. It starts, for instance, with
formulas for the surface treatment
of wood-bleaches, stains, varnishes,
oils a nd polishes. Then it groups for-
mulas for lacquers, pai nts , enamels
and related products. Next come for-
mulas for treatment of metal sur-
faces, then those relating to cements,
plaster, glass and related substances,
followed by those for household,
cl eaning, polishing and the like.
But that's not the end. In the re-
maining sect ions of the book you'll
find formulas for various photo-
graphic supplies , for cos met i c s,
cl eaners and r elated products (that's
where the s having cream a nd lip-
stic k com e in), for such food prod-
ucts as cake mixes, so up mixes,
frankfurters, liver and various other
sausages, and for farm and garden
p r oduct s - such things as turkey
starting ration, sheep dip, insecti-
cides, fungicides and a crab grass
killer .
IN ORDER to standardize mat t e r s,
every formula, with a very few ex-
ceptions, uses the metric system and
is expressed in two units of t ha t
system, the gram, a unit of weight,
used for measuring solids, and the
milliliter, a unit of volume, used for
measuring li quids . Also, with a few
exceptions, each formula yie l ds
about the same qua ntity of product-
about 2.2 pou nds of so lids or about
one quart of liquids . It is a simple
matter t o increase or decrease yo ur
yield, according to your needs.
All dir ect ions for mixing formulas
ha ve been written for the needs of
the user who has had no experience
whatever in the industry to which
the product belongs. For that reason
they are quite detailed. All necessary
equipment is listed. The book 's editor,
William R. Minrath, r ecognized that
procurement of the indicated ingre-
di ents is a n important fa c t or in using
t he formulas. He recommends that
first you co nsult the classified section
of your telephone d ir ec t or ies but also
he has included in the appendix a
listing of specific manufacturers of
chemicals and of laboratory equip-
ment and supply houses. Also in all
cases where ingredients inc l u d e
trade-mark materials the name and
address of the manufacturer is listed
just below the formula in which the
trade-mark material is used.
This book is directed at two groups
-those who merely want to mix
material for home use and those in-
terested in establishing their own
small businesses. For the latter there
is us eful information on package de-
sign and labeling, taking into con-
sideration federal, state and local
regulations covering not only label-
in g but ot her aspects governed by
pur e foo d and similar l a ws .
This book makes surprisingly fas-
cinating reading, even if you have
no desir e to use the formulas. You'll
be interested and sometimes amazed
at the ingredients which go into
products that most of us use every
day in their commercial forms.
Decorate linens, feminine a ppa rel , mens
wear, boxes, t rays, p late s, greeting ca rds,
etc. Mark chi ldrens clothes, book s, Dad's
tools, food freezer packages, preserves,
hu ndreds of ot he r uses.
":>:-:l ....
........- .Af
Please send me: I
I BEGINN ERS' serrsi @ $2.69
1li" FREE LITERATURE t elling me a ll a bout.
I TRICHEM liquid Embroidery and det a ils I
iName .. .. .. ..p.l.o.n'.' III
I Address : I

25 BRILLIANT COLORS
YR.-CHEM, INC., West Orange, N. J.
The Original Ball Point Decorating Tubes
Turn your spare tilTle into
Delightful Fun and Profit time - -
a TRI CHEM
Demonstrate to your friends and neighbors simple it is
MAYJUNE, 1958 7
The whole family will use and enjoy this screened patio which you
can build yourself using materials designed to simplify the job.
Add a Screened Patio to your House
BUILD YOURSELF a screened patio and
join th e accelerating trend toward
more outdoor living. It will give you
all the advantages of an outdoor liv-
ing room while eliminating such dis-
advantages as exposure to rain and
attacks by insects. You'll be sur-
prised at how many days of the year,
ev en if you live in a northern state,
you' ll be able to relax, read, eat,
cook, sleep, entertain in this extra
living space. It's a great place in
which t o turn the children loose too.
Don't overlook, either, that building
a screened patio will add value to
your house.
Building a patio does not call for a
lot of complicated tools. You can do
it with a hand saw, hammer, square,
level, dr ill , screwdr iver, adjustable
wrench and a fine toothed metal saw
for the screen frames . You'll need a
shovel, if you are making a concrete
slab for the floor.
The 12' by 15' patio for which plans
and instructions are given herewith
calls for the use of Chicopee Fiber-
glas screening Reynolds Do-It-Your-
self aluminum, materials which are
available in virtually every 'l oca lity.
a WORKBENCH
-Sli de in corner locks are used to as-
semble the frame and assure strong,
square corners. Fiberglas screening
fits quickly and easily into the
frames. No tacks, staples or mold-
in g a re required. A metal spline
driven int o a groove in t he f rame with
a hammer and block of wood com-
pletes a custom-made screen that
won't rust or corrode.
A PATIO can fit almost any place along
your house, but it's good to keep these
id eas in mind: Locate your patio
close to the kitchen-saves long hikes
with food and dishes. Consider a
fence or dense bushes to increase
privacy from street and neighbors.
A patio that blends in with your gar-
den plan helps both the patio and the
garden. Of course, the simplest loca-
tion is one where you can use one or
more walls of the house to help you
encl ose the area. For example, (A)
a low three-sided screened-in patio
built on the ground fits naturally
along a long low ranch house. (B) If
your house is high off the ground or
on a slope, build a covered porch-
patio or enclosed deck on a level with
the house floor. (C) A convenient L
in the house plan simplifies building
a patio that's handy, sheltered and
inexpensive.
On ce you've settled on the location,
make a rough drawing of the floor
area to plan screen panel sizes and
door location. It' s easy t o make your
drawing to scale on graph paper to
keep lines straight and square. P lan
panel widths to use Chicopee Fiber-
glas screening 30", 32" or 36" wide.
(Other widths are available. Ask
your dealer.) Using the equal sized
panels will s impI i f y construction.
Also consider that Reynolds screen
sections come in 6', 8' and 12' lengths .
Connectors can join short screen sec-
tions to save material.
These plans offer several alternate
constructions as to slab, roof, and
methods of screening. It is suggested
that you first read the complete
plans; then cross out the alt ernate
suggestions which you are not going
to use.
In some areas a building permit is
required for an addition of this type.
You might first check local require-
ments. F .H.A. financing is available
in some areas, should you require it.
1
BATTER BOARDS
AT CORNERS
LEVEL OF
WATER
PLASTIC HOSE MAY BE USED
TO LEVEL FORMS
equal and measure 19'-2 %" , Use
string lines to help in establishing
the corners.
Once corners are set, build batter
boards around outer corners (Fig. 1),
Ha ng string lines across alignment
marks with weights to keep lines
taut. With these batter boards in
place, you can dig for footings and
build forms without losing corner
locations. Tops of batter boards can
be leveled with a string line and a
line level (Fig. 2). Another way to
est a blish levels from the house to an
outer corner or between corners is
t o use a transparent plastic hose
(Fig. 3). With the hose adjusted so
the water level is even with one point,
mark the stake at an opposite corner
or dr ive the stake into t he ground
until it is even with the water level.
Set grade level of outer patio edge
1" -P/Z" lower than edge along house
to drain water away.
Concrete slabs can be set just a
step below the house floor or on the
same level if the house is also built
on the slab. In areas where winter
freezes are only moderate, sl ab can
be built with only a thicken ed outer
edge as in Fig. 5. Howev er, i n
northern states where ground freezes
solid, a footing around exposed edges
(Fig. 6) will help to keep the slab
from cracking. Bottom of footing
should be bel ow local frost line.
Measure depth of trench fr om t aut
string line (Fig. 1) . This footing can
be poured at the same time as the
slab surface. Dig the trench 8" wide
and erect forms around the top edge
only-both inside and outside. Inside
for ms ho ld loose material in place
a nd a re covered with concrete. For
th ick-edge slab, la y out patio area
a nd set up 2 x 6 forms (Fig. 7) . Dig
out cent er portion at least a" below
M A Y J U N E, 1958 9
12'
.1
19'-zf
YOUR ENCLOSED patio begins with an
easily maintained, easy to build
floor. One of the best floors is a con-
crete slab. Or you may choose an in-
formal arrangement of flagstones
or brick. Precast concrete slabs are
easy to lay and to maintain due to
their nonporous, smooth surface.
Begin building any patio floor by
accurately' marking out the area to
be covered. To make sure your rec-
tangle is square at .the corners, use
the 3 :4 : 5 triangle principle. Measure
3' along one side, 4' along another.
If the corner is square, the angling
side or hy pot enus e will measure 5'.
Multi ple s of thi s ratio, such as 6 :8: 10
may be even more hel pful. As a f inal
check, m ea sur e acr oss the di a gon a ls
of the r ectangl e (Fig . 4) . F or a
12' x 15' pa ti o, dia gon als sho uld be
Building the Patio Floor
PLATFORM LAYOUT
IS' --------1
HOUSE SIDE
19'-2.L
2
~
ITI11 rrTrl1nnl rn fITITTfl mrr
n
,
.,
4
c
,
'- 0
r
I
,
c::
,
l=
;
E- I
;-
I.
CONCRETE
CONCRETE
4"
CRUSHED
ROCK OR
CINDERS
7
finished surface, and fill with 4" of
crushed rock or coarse gravel. Cover
this loose fill material with tar paper
or Reynolds reflective insulation to
keep moisture in concrete from soak-
ing into the ground.
If exterior siding of your house is
wood, staple two layers of tar paper
along bottom or flash this area with
sheet copper to keep concrete from
touching wood. Otherwise, moisture
from the concrete will rot the siding
in a few years. A truck delivers
ready-mix concrete directly to your
forms and costs no more than mixing
it yourself. Strike poured concrete
level with top of forms, using a
straight-edged 2 x 4, and finish-first
with a wood float , for a rough sur-
face or for a smooth surface finish
finally with steel trowel. Set the 12"
length of lh " pipe at corners and
door 5" above surface and the hold-
down bolts along edges on center
line of sill plate before concrete
hardens. Set bolts with threads up
about 2%" above surface. You may
want to hire a mason contractor to
make the slab. For a glamorous
touch, try adding a mixed-in color
to the top surface of the concrete slab
for permanent color.
Flagstone, precast concrete slabs
or brick are simple to use in building
a patio. A poured concrete founda-
tion forms the most satisfactory
border for the patio and supports
enclosing screen panels.
Dig a trench along string lines of
10 WOR KBEN CH
9
layouts to establish grade and build
forms (Figs. 9 and 10) . Pour con-
crete and s et corner pipes and hold-
down bolts the same way as in con-
crete slab. To assemble the patio
floor inside the concrete rim, dig
out about 6" below top surface. Fill
the area to within about 1" to l Vz"
of top with coarse sand. Wat er sand
and tamp it firmly in place. Then
strike it off level and about 2" below
top of border. Depth below top sur-
face depends on the type of patio
surface you plan to use. Lay flag-
stones, precast concrete slabs or
brick on the sand base. Tamp bricks
{PIPE X 12"AT CORNERS
AND DOOR POST LOCATIONS
10
in place as they are set. Fill in be-
tween joints with sand or concrete.
Be sure to clean off concrete before
it sets.
1FRAMING ERECTION'
4 WALL'IWIING ASSEIIBLY
,,'
eSU'I' JOI
Ig '"
2 PLATE LAYOUT
6
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ITVO
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..""
30 SCREWLEDGER TO BRICK
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,.-
.
3H PLASHINGTOwoooSIDING
3J PlASHING TOIR ICKWALL
2 x 2 to the house with If4" x 4" lags
(See Fig. 3D). Box in the 2 x 2 with
two 1 x 3's and a 1 x 4. Set 2 x 2
against house in such a position that
covering 1 x 3 will be in line with
2 x 4 patio studs. Fit 1 x 3's to the
siding (See Fig. 3D). If the house
is bric.k, fasten 2 x 4 vertically to
wall with lags and lead sleeves as in
detail (Fig. 3G) .
When all parts are cut, nail the
studs through the lower plate and to
the cap plate using the guide lines
established above (see Fig. 2). Then
tip t hem into pla ce (Fig. 1), nail and
bolt them down. Over l a p side cap
plates at corners (Fig. 3-E). When
all walls are in place, fit horizontal
crosspieces of 2 x 4 between studs
30" to 36" above top of slab. If you
are using rabbeted studs, as in Fig.
5, rabbet crosspieces too and leave
a !h': lip at each end to fit neatly into
vertical rabbet of studs. If you do not
use rabbeted studs, nail %" quarter-
round molding to s ides of st uds a nd
crosspieces , t o hold s creen pa nels
(Fig. 6).
...
LAG seAl.
"'HOUK
:1 ~ h
3D POST TO HOUSE lETAlL
3, COIINU POST on n
...... ,
_QUO<
3c 'RAII INGTOROO'
3 ALTERNATE CONSTRVCTtOH DETW
Framing Patio Walls
WHEN YOUR patio floor is complete,
cut the corner posts and studs. For
a 7' screen opening (7' 3%" wall)
cut 4 x 4 corner and 4 x 4 door posts
7'-0" and cut studs 6'-100/8" long. Bore
a hole into bottom end of 4 x 4 corner
posts to fit over pipes (Fig. 3F) .
NOTE-If you plan to assemble
screen frames in rabbetted studs and
crosspieces, cut rabbets before erect-
ing walls (Fig. 5).
Set the corner posts on large
washers to keep them off the con-
crete and brace them in position
(Fig. 1).
Cut sill and cap plates to length
and notch the front cap plate for the
overlapping side wall 2 x 4 cap plates
(Fig. 2). Set the sill plate over the
holddown bolts and tap with a ham-
mer to mark bolt locations. Bor e
holes for bolts. Lay sill plates to-
gether with matching cap plates '
mark two lines across both to locate
vertical stud position (Fig. 2) . Where
the patio walls meet the si de of a
frame house lag screw a vertical
MAY-JUNE, 1958 11
RAFTERs--""--_Jr:;;
2 )( 6 X 14'-0"
IS"ON CENTERS
7 ROOFING ASSEMBLY
OVERHANG AS
DESIREDFORSHADE
ROOF SHEATHING
IX6TaG
SCREEN
(SEE FIG. 201
HALF-GABLE ~ N O
underside of roof overhang tempo-
rarily to nail patio rafters in place.
Cut 2 x 6 rafters to fit according
to the roofing method selected. Notch
lower ends of rafters to rest on top
and face of cap plate (Fig. 4A). Hold
first rafter in place against side of
framing to mark cuts and notches.
Use this rafter as a template. Space
rafters 18" on centers. Toe-nail
rafters (6d nails) in place on ledger
at house and at outer patio wall.
Notch out short 2 x 4's to fit vertically
along half-gable ends. These gable
end sections may be closed with
screens (Fig. 7) , covered with lap
siding to match house (Fig. 9) or
covered with vertical siding (Fig.
10). To keep out all insects, cut filler
blocks (Fig. 7) to fit between rafters
over the outer wall. Complete roof
framing by adding a 1 x 6 across
ends of rafters. Start at bottom and
apply 1 x 6 tongue-and-groove sheath-
ing over rafters with 6d nails. Cover
the sawed ends of sheathing with a
1 x 2 trim butted at corners (Fig. 8).
Roofing for this low sloping roof
should include an underlayment of
roofing felt followed by asphalt tab
shingles or roll roofing. Before start-
ing to lay shingles, apply a starter
strip (Fig. 8) around edges. Then nail
tab shingles in place, using six 1"
shingle nails in each 3-tab shingle.
Drive nails on each side and slightly
above end of notch between tabs and
at ends.
For a waterproof joint between the
patio roof and your house, use a
combination of metal flashing and
mastic compound. The simplest joint
to seal is that between a patio roof
and wood siding (Fig. 3H). Remove
nails or drive them through the siding
with a nail set so that metal flashing
may be slipped up under siding. Re-
: ~
the house roof, remove the fascia
board and nail the rafters to the ends
of the house rafters (Fig. 3A). In
case your patio roof should fit over
the roof of your house, remove neces-
sary shingles and nail longer rafters
through the roof into existing house
rafters (Fig. 3C). You may need to
cut the first rafter to find length
and slope of ends by trial and error.
Then cut other rafters to match.
When extending the patio roof beyond
an overhanging roof, run rafters all
the way to sidewall and add a filler
(Fig. 3B). Remove covering from
9
ALTERNATE
SCREENED ROOF
ALTERNATE
FIBERGLAS ROOF
10
FIBERGLAS
REINFORCED
PANELING
SCREEN
!"QUARTER-
ROUND
RAFTER
SECTI ON A-A
FIBERGLAS
SCREEN
PANElS
Patio Roofing
ROOF FRAMING methods will vary. See
Figure 3A, 3B, 3C and 7. If the patio
roof framing will begin along the
siding of a frame wall, lag screw
a 2 x 4 ledger to the outside. Lag
screws should be long enough to
reach wall studs of house (% x 4")
(Fig. 4) . Rafters may then rest on
ledger and slope down to outer patio
wall. If the side of the house is brick,
install a ledger with lead sleeves and
lag screws (Fig 3G).
If the patio roof begins at a boxed
eave and becomes an extension of
12 WORKBENCH
T
-,
.. - ".-'
4D TUCK''''' OTAIL
4G ATTACH,NG SCRUS
4c INURT CORNER LOCKS
member a nd complete frame assem-
bly . Cut splines for end frame mem-
be rs to fu ll lengt h of spline groove.
Spli nes for side frame members butt-
j oint against end frame splines (See
F ig. 4E) .
La r ge screens ma y require a rein-
forci ng channel bet ween side frame
mem ber s (Fig. 3). Trim channel to
f it frame m em ber s a nd drill hole in
end ( Fig. 3A) . P os iti on ch annel b r a ce
para ll el wit h end fr ame members
and punch hol e in side frame mem-
ber with 6-penny nail. Screw chan-
MAYJUNE, 1958 13
4, TRlllll'N. OTAll
--- --- - ----w -t' - ----- ---
4. lll TER CORNERS
41 f'NISHO CORNER
4ARMOVE !ICR[[N SPLINE
4 ASSEIIBUNG SCREEN PANELS
l - l ~ ~ d . ?
I.
SPLlN( GROOVE
2 DETAil SCREEN SECTION
CORNEAASSEMBLY
H-f
Form co r ners by cutting miters
with f ine-toothed hack saw, coping
saw or back saw (Fig. 4B) . A small
miter box can be used to simplify the
cutting. Smooth end cut with a sm all
fil e or garnet pa per on woo d block.
Start ass e mbly of screen fram e by
pushing co r ne r locks into ends of
frame m em ber (Fig. 4C) . A gentle
t apping wi th a ha m m er seats cor ner
locks .
Assem ble end m ember wit h corner
locks to s ide members (Fig. 3) . Push
co r ner locks in t o r emaining en d
Assembling Reynolds
Aluminum Screen Frames
MEASURE SCREEN panel openings. Width
of frames should equal the wi dth of
the opening less Va ". Hei ght of the
frame should eq ual t he hei ght of the
opening less Va" (See Fig. 1).
Splines for locki ng in Chicopee
Fiberglas screening are fur nis hed
with the screen sections and a re r e-
moved with a putty knife ( F ig . 4A).
Lay splines aside until l ater.
Mark frame member s for cutting
according to measurements obtained
as shown in F ig. 1. The Va " cl earance
permits easy installat ion. Mark 45'
angles a t ends of frame members .
Splin e groov e should be along inside
of frame a nd f ace out when screens
a re in pl a ce.
Overhead sCI' e e n i n g achieves an
open-air, open-to-t he sun F lo r id a
room (Fig. 9). Rafters are s paced 36"
apart and crosspieces divide up
spaces for screen panels ( F ig. 9 or
alternate spacing Fig. 10) . Nail
quarter-round strips to face of rafters
and crosspieces to support screen
panels. For weather protection and
shade add a roll up roof awning.
Another roof that let s in the light
but is a permanent and weather pr oof
roof is one constructed with Fi ber -
glas reinforced corrugated pl ast ic
roofing (Fig. 10) . Install crosspieces
staggered and 48" apart. Spec ial
accessor ies fit under the corr ugat ions
along r aft er s and on crosspie ces be-
tween rafters. Flashing with lower
li p corrugated is also available as
are Neoprene washers for th e nail
heads a nd corrugated starti ng strips .
A gutter and downspout may be
added if r equir ed.
pla ce na il s t hrough siding and flash-
ing. Apply a la yer of r oofing cement
under lower lip of fl ashing.
Flashi ng a brick wall usually r e-
quires t wo strips-fl a s hing a nd
counterfl a shing (Fig. 3J) . Chis el ou t
about %" of mortar between br icks
for t he lower fl a s hing. Bend one edge
of fl ashing into joint a nd fill with
mast ic or mort a r . Apply mastic
under lip of fl as hing tha t fit s against
top of roofing. A few r oofing nails
ma y be nail ed through fl a shing int o
roof where counterfl as hing will cover
them. Fit t he upper flashing into
next mortar line a bove first flashing,
but use 6d nail s t o hol d it in pl ace.
Se al lower edge to fl a shing with more
m as t ic compound. When exten ding a
roof line, loosen t a bs of existing
shingles and slip one layer of starter
str ip under lowes t r ow of house
shi ngles. Slip t op of shingle s for patio
r oof up unde r t he starter s trip and
replace nails through house shingles.
At any pl ace where side of patio
half-gable meets shingle roof, use
sma ll pi eces of m etal flashing t o
s eal jo int between s ides of patio and
house roof.
ALTERNATE R OOF DETAIL-
,
Center hinge should be midway be -
t ween top and bottom hinges. Recess
hinges into door and door post. Set
latch on door and catch on post 36"
above floor. If patio screen panels
are higher than the door fill in above
door with wood header and small
screen frame.
--
5
CUTTING FIBERGLAS
SCREENING
CUT CHICoP EE "ISEAGUS
SCfI [ ENIIt G WITH
SCISSORS
...
""v*ooo
I

!
...... ... ...

SOUAIlE ( OIUt tERS
nel to frame wit h 6 x 0/8 " aluminum
sheet metal screws. Screen section
may be used instead of channel as th e
r einforcing br ace for greater ri gid it y
wh er e scr een panels a re wider than
30" .
Installing Chicopee
Fiberglas Screening
ROLL CH ICOPEE F iberglas screening
over the assem bled s creen frame
(Fig. 5). Cut the screening t o the
si ze of t he outside dimensions of the
sc reen fr ame. Ordinary household
shea rs will cut Fiberglas screening
easily.
La y fr a me on cleared bench top or
the fl oor. Check corners of frame
with a ca r pente r' s steel square to
make sure corners are square before
lining up edge of screening wit h out-
side edge s of frame. Sc raps of 0/8 "
woo d under the screening help t o
keep scr eening level with frame
(F ig . 6) .
Starting at one long side of the
screen fr ame, tuck the Fibergl as
screening into th e s pli ne groove. Use
a pi ece of wood about lfs" thi ck a nd
3 t o 4" long to tuck the sc r een do wn
into th e groove (Fig. 4D). Follow the
s ame screening thread along edge of
s pli ne groove t o assure a neat
s traight installation. Be sure t o l eave
sufficient screen beyond spline for
t r imming (Fig. 4F). Then in sert the
spline in the groove a nd set it firmly
in pl a ce by t apping with a hammer
and a woo d bloc k (Fig. 6) . Do a long
side first and then a short on e. Work
a round th e f rame. Screen must wrap
a ro und three s ides of s pli ne groove
(F ig . 4E ). Tuck sc reen and insert
s pline in the same manner as the first
side on t he adjacent shor t side. Make
sure the sc r eening is taut in t he
frame, but do not pull it so tightly
tha t the sides of frames ar e bowed.
Not e th at splines fit together in a butt
join t a t corners (Fig. 4E).
Wh en all splines are in place, use
a r azor bl ade or sharp utility knife
to trim screening around the edges
(F ig . 4F).
To install screen frames in open-
ings, drill a 5/ 32 hole through the
sc r een fr a me. Screw an aluminum
1" fl a thead wood screw through the
hole a nd into th e wood until head is
flu sh with frame (Fig. 4G). Space
screws as shown in Fig. 7, not more
than 18" a pa rt.
Hanging Screen Doors
INSTALL nOOH-STOP molding around
door op ening. The door -s t op molding
should be set back from th e outside
face a distance equal to thickness of
door st ile s a nd rails plus about 1/6".
If door s til es are longer than top and
bottom r ail s, saw them off flush with
rails bef ore s t a r t ing to fit door . Stand
door in opening to measure it for
size. Sides of door should fit fairly
close to the op ening size. If door
widt h is only slightly larger t han
14 WORKBENCH
opening, plane stiles along both side s
t o fit ope ni ng. To a void excessive
pl aning first saw off a st r ip, then
plane width to fin al size. Height may
be off sli ghtly more than width. Mark
door with pencil from inside opening
to indi cate how much higher door is
than opening. Usually it 's quicker to
saw off a strip at t op and bottom t o
trim door to si ze. Plane top a nd bot-
tom for final close fit . Leave about
lfs" cle arance all a r ound door.
Space top hinge 6" from t op of
door, bottom hinge 10" from bottom.
Screens for Stub-Wall Porches
W HEN SCREENING- I N a n exis t ing porch
with stub walls it may be eas ier to
a dd full-height screens between fl oor
and r oof. Where posts and stub walls
a re m asonry, fasten wood strips
along edges and as a sill (Fig. 14) .
Qu arter-round molding at top and
al ong wood stub walls will permit
screwing the screen panels in pl ac e.
Use al um inum screws in lead sleeves
to fasten the wood strip to masonry
walls . A carbide-tipped masonry bit
in a portable electric drill makes
19CORNER PORCH
INSERT PANEl OR SCREEN
20ODD SHAPED SCREENS
21 BREEZEWAY
18B
ORNER DETAIL
~ R I C K PORCH
16CARPORT
14
EN DETAILS 18SPLIT SCRE
AND SECTION INSIDE PORCH 11
RCHES 10 TWO - STORY PO
12' X 15' Screened Patio Materials Check Listt
tThis part list applies only to the 12x15
Shingl e Roof Patio described . It will be
necessary t o adjust quantities and lengths
for patios of larger or smaller si ze to the
alternate constructions shown.
scr een panels. A pulley system raises
door.
Horizontal meeting rails built in be-
tween framing studs permit using
smaller panel sizes. Cr osspieces also
pr ovide a rub rail and prot ect scr eens
at chair height. Install cross pieces
between vertical fr aming and install
s ep arate s cr een panel s in upper
and lower openings as shown f or
s cr eened-in patio.
Br ee zeways m ay be screened-in
wit h full -le ngt h screens for a comfort-
abl e out door living r oom (Fig. 21). If
t he breezeway runs between a house
or garage with cl apboa rd or shingl e
siding, fasten a 2 x 2 vert ically to
the wall and cover with two 1 x 3's
and a 1 x 4 as shown for patio.
Attach plate al ong fl oor and install
v ertical studs wi th cr oss pieces for
screen panels (Fig. 22).
edge of th e lower panel. Where the
ch annel brace fits into a r a bb eted
edge of framing or against a quarter-
ro und, cut the channel end at a n
a ngle (Fig. 18B) . This leaves the in-
side surf ace of the two panel s cl ear
to fit fl ush against the bac k support .
A carport can be c o mpl e t ely
screened-in , even with a swinging
door (Fi g. 16). Inst all fram ing and
screen panel s a ro und one side and
the end of the ca rport oppos it e t he
entrance in th e same way as patio is
screened in . Build a swi ng ing door
wit h 2 x 4 fr a ming and a ttach t he
door fr ame to the s uperstruct ur e of
th e car por t with four hea vy strap
hinge s (Fig. 17). Door should swing
inward and up. Fasten sc r een door
braces across corners and t ighten
turn buckles to ke ep door squa r e. Fit
openings in the door framing with
SIZE AND MATERIAL
Concrete
3h"xS" Holddown Bolts
Ifz" Pipe 12" Long
6' long
S'long
Aluminum
Aluminum
4x4x16'-0" Lumber
4x4x7'-0" Lumber
2x6x14'-0" Lumber
2x4x16'-0" Lumber
2x4x12'-o" Lumber
2x4x10'-0" Lumber
2x4xT-0" Lumber
2x2x10'-0" Lum ber
1x6x16'-0" Lumber
1x4x10'-0" Lumber
1x3x16'-0" Lumber
1x2x 16'-0" Lumber
1x6 T & G Sheathing
Lumber
%" quarter-round molding
36" wide
3 tab As ph alt
9"x48' long
36"x72' long
As Needed
31"x84"
As Needed
%"x4" Lag Screws
3" Dia. Aluminum
7 bundles
1 roll
2 r olls
85 lin. ft .
32 pieces
24 pi eces
27 sets
12
1
11
3
QUANTITY
3 Cu . Yds.
15
3
1
3
12
2
8
1
9
2
1
2
5
3
510 lin. ft.
18 lin. ft.
300 li n. ft.
WOOD FRAMING
Beam Cap Plate
Posts
Rafters, Filler Blocks
Plate, Ledger
P la tes , Braces
Plate
Studs
House P ost s
Fascia
Post Box
P ost Box, Trim
Trim
Sheathing
R. E. Door Stop
Scr een Stop
REYNOLDS ALUMINUM
SCRE EN SECTION
WHERE USED
CONCRETE SLAB
Along Sides
Corners
Corner Br a ckets
Connectors
CHICOPEE FIBERGLAS
SCREENING*
ROOFING
Shingles
St a r t er Strip
15# Roo fin g Felt
Flashing
Nails , roof cement
MISCELLANEOUS
Screen Door**
Screen Door Ha rdware
Ledger F astenings
Washers for P osts
Nails , Screws,
Paint for Wood
*Ask your deal er for the
full roll price
**Use existing scree n door
if possible
short work of dr ill ing the holes in
masonry.
Many wooden porches have a wood
rail between posts with a n op en l at-
tice or pickets between top and bot-
t om rails. Here you can fill in the
areas between the top of the upper
rail a nd the underside of the r oof
wi th s cr een panels. Vertical meeting
rails, which you may have t o add,
can be 2 x 4's. Sp ace them evenly on
30" to 36" cente rs. To cover the lat-
tice or picket a rea s between r ails ,
make separate panel s a nd screw
t hem in pl ace (Fig. 13) . These sc reen
panels can be fitted on the outside
or inside of the lattice or pi cket sec-
t ions. Along the bottom between
lower rail a nd porch floor , cut sec-
ti ons of em bossed aluminum sheet for
a kick pl ate and screw them t o lower
rail with No .6 x Ifz" RH wood screws
(F ig . 11). Make up the screen frames
f rom Do-It-Yourself al uminum and
install F iberglas screening as shown.
Measure si zes for screen panels as
described (Fig. 1) .
Two and three-story apartment
buildings often have porches that can
be screened-in for added li ving space
(see Fig. 10) . Build in the vertical
meeting r ails and install the quarter-
r ound molding and any wood strips
necessary to permit inserting or re-
moving th e screen panels from the
inside. This fe ature is particularly
im por tant for s econd or third-story
apartments. Screw on sections of em-
bossed aluminum sheet to lower rail
to cover any opening between stub
walls and floor. Screen pa nels t o
cover openings in st ub walls should
also be installed from the inside.
Odd-shaped screen panels may be
necessary when screening in a porch
or th e gable end of a patio. Instead
of using the regular cor ner locks a t
th e odd-angle corners, notch a screen
s ection connector and bend it to the
needed angle (Fig. 20) . Miter and
assem ble the screen panels with the
notched connectors around the odd-
shaped corner.
FuJI-Height Screens for Porches
PORCHES OR breezeways with a clear
space between floor and roof may be
screened-in with full-height screens
or by building a m eeting rail part
way up and using two screen panels
f or ea ch ver tical section. For full -
height screen panels use the S' or 12'
lengths of Reynolds aluminum screen
section and reinforce the panels wit h
two cross braces equally spaced.
Otherwise, the assembly of screen
frames and installing the Fiber glas
screening will be the same as shown.
Split screens can also be used to
divide up the vertical height with-
out the use of crosspiece framing (see
Fig. IS). The two panels are joined
at the center with a channel brace.
The channel brace is screwed to the
lower edge of the upper pa nel (Fig.
lSA) and fits neatly over the upper
16 WORKBENCH
PLYWOOD BACK
FI G.2
..M.irror ..M.ounting
WALL PLUG

o

"-..
ROUND-HEADED
SCREWS
FIG. I
RUBBER'
TUBING);
..M.ethods
DALE MOREY
APART FROM its use as a "look ing
glass," a mirror can often be used
as part of a d e c o r a t i v e schem e .
Placed in a darkis h corner fa cing a
window, it will give us eful r eflect ed
light and at the same time a ppear
to increase the size of the ro om.
A fairly big m irror is the m ost
suitable for this purpose, a nd it looks
best fixed flat against t he wall. P er-
haps the neatest fixi ng is obtained
by d r ill in g screw holes in the mirror
near the f ou r co r ne r s and using
r ound he a d ed sc rews.
The ide a is ill ust rat ed in Figure I ,
which shows the s ere w s pas sed
t hrough pieces of rubbe r tubing very
slig htly longer than the thi ckness of
the glass. The tubing splays out a
little at t he ba ck, so tha t the mirror
does not quit e touch the wall. This
is im por tant if the wall is not quite
flat-and f ew are. If the wall sur-
fa c e is ver y irregular, rubber wash-
ers ca n be placed behind the mirror .
With pa ti ence and a bit of prac-
ti c e, the hol es can be made wi t h a
masonry d rill fitted in a hand br a c e
or power t ool. A hi gh-speed drill , of
t he kind us ed for steel, will s er ve,
but is not as effective; a cheaper ,
carbon-steel drill is us el es s.
Us e turpenti ne as a lubricant, pre-
fera bl y with a lit tl e camphor di s-
sol ved in it . F or m a li ttl e crater of
m od eli ng wax or chewin g gum a r ound
the positi on of t he hol e t o ho ld a
s upply of lu bric ant. But m ake so me
pra cti ce hol es in an odd pi ece of
pl ate glass before a ttem pti ng to drill
the m irror.
AS AN alternative t o drilling yo u can
use metal corner clips ( F igu r e 2 )
screwed t o wall plugs , or you can
mount the mirror on a fl at p iece of
=Va -inch or 1/2-inch plywood, using
clips of eit her of the types shown in
Figure 3. The pl ywood must, of
course, be screwed to the wall be-
fo re m ou nting t he m irror. A "cush-
ion" ca n be provided by laying a
few thicknesses of soft pape r be-
t ween the mirror and t he plywood .
Clips of the kind shown in F igure
2 are a lso suitable for fixing a mir-
r or to a wardrobe door. A pivoting
m irr or for a dr es si ng table, or for
wall mo u nt i ng, can be made by
mount in g the gl ass on plywood, to
the back of wh ic h two wooden blocks
abou t % by 1
1
h inches by 2 inches
long a re sc rewed. One flange of a
friction m irr or pivot (sold by many
hardware s to r es) is then screwed to
each of the blocks ; t he other flange
is sc rewed to the s upport .
A neat "framel ess " wall-mounti ng
mirror can be m a de as shown in
Figure 4. The ba ck frame is made
with mitered corners , like a pic ture
fr ame, a nd the metal s tri p will fit
ov er a couple of pi ctur e hooks of t he
k ind fixed to the wall with inclined
s t eel pins.
MAYJUNE, 1958 17
home handyman. When its lid is
down, it provides a sturdy writing
surface. Small drawers and a rack
provide storage space for unan-
swered letters, stamps, pencils, pens
and notebooks. When the lid is closed,
the entire unit protrudes only 6
inches from the wall.
Some people just want to save face, but almost everybody wants
to save space. One way is to bui ld this compact desk.
Photographs from Douglas Fir Plywood Association
MOST HOMES are short on floor space.
If yours is no exception, here's an
idea for an ingenious desk which
hangs right on the wall and provides
a maximum of convenience in a
minimum of space.
The desk can be built from fir
plywood by even the inexperienced
'1 A Desk that Hugs the Wall


THIS GOOD.LOOKING modern wall de sk takes
almost no room to inst all an d the re is a mple
space for writin g, a nd stor a ge of ma ny odds
a nd ends. It is "In -ploca " in a study, small
recreati on room, or in the bed room.
c
NOTCH OUT
SHELF FOIl
FINGER PULL
SECTION THRU
DRAWERS
NOTE :
HOLD BACK 3/4" FROM EDGE
OF' LID ALL AROUND
6"
CONTINUOUS
PIANO HINGE
SECTION THRU DESK
PLASTIC
3D"
I
MOUNT DESK
ABOVE FLOOR
DRAWERS REMOVED
TO SHOW CONSTR CT ON
DESK OPEN
') \ U
1
28"
9" 9" f 1 \ 5"
I
/ I \
__LJL____1j ___
I
1\
3"
I--f-
\ ,4" I'\.YWOQD / NO+CH SHELVES /
DRAWER FRONTS
V
3 >11 ' HDWD, 7 1/4"
1
1
4" PLYWOOD DOWELS \ 16"
DESK BACK
,
;
,Vl \
Z'
-
\
2"
:
/
1-3 4"
\.... DOWELS 2-3/4"
FROM 8ACK
- FRONT ELEVATION
18 WORKBENCH
CUTTING DIAGRAMS
'/.. ' x 2' -6" x 2' 6"
DFPA PLYPANEL AD
P ART
ID ENTIFICATION
Ba ck of unit
Drawer parts a nd dividers
Vertical divid er
Side
Shelf
Bot t om
To p
Desk lid
Lid supports
Ha r dwood dowels
P last ic laminate (optional)
P ia no hinge
SIZE
15%" x 27%"
See Dr a wings
5% " x 15%"
6" x 16"
3 V2" x 12%"
6" x 27 %"
4 %" x 27% "
16%" x 28"
NO.
CODE REQUIRED
A 1
B 20
C 1
D 2
E 2
F 1
G 1
H 1
2 E a.
4 Lin. Ft. :va " Di amet er
1 P c . 141h" x 26
1
12 "
1 P c. 28" Long
Mis cell aneou s- 6d Finish Nails a nd Glue
2V2" Wood Sc r ews a nd Wa sher s as required
F in ishing Materials
B lDRAWER
PARTS &
DIVIDERS)
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DFPA' INTERIORA-A
Screwing the compact desk di-
rectly into wall studs eliminates t he
lack of steadiness which character-
izes many light, small desks. The
ease of workability which fir ply-
wood provides makes construction
of this desk possible with a minimum
of cutting and joining. All joints
should be nailed and glued.
When open, the l6-inch lid provides
plenty of space and strength to hold
a portable typewriter. The desk
should be mounted a convenient 30
inches above the floor.
AFTER LAYING OUT a ll pa rts to size, begin a sse mbly by nail ing a nd gluing the top a nd bottom
pieces int o side pie ces. Par ts fo r th is ste p shou ld be cut so that t he top of the f rame is 4 inches
wide and the bottom 6 inches wide.
AFTER STUDYING the plan, tackle the
job of building this wall desk one
step. at a time.
1. First layout the parts for the
desk on two panels of fir pl ywood
just as shown in the cutting dia-
grams. Remember to allow for saw
kerfs between parts. Carefully saw
out th e pieces a nd true up cut edges
of the plywood with 1/0 sandpaper
wrap ped a rou n d a block.
2. Rabbet each end of the t wo s ide
pieces for the top a nd bottom. Also
rabbet the back edges of the sides,
top and bottom for the %-inch ply-
wood back. Then locate and bor e
blind holes %-inch deep in the center
partition and in the right end piece
for the :va-inc h diameter hardwood
dowels.
3. Assemble the desk with resin glue
and finish nails. Rem em ber to inser t
all the dowels before na il ing the
center divider. The small drawers
are simply boxes cut from %-inch
plywood. P ull s are made by notch-
ing the shelf s upporting t he drawers.
AFTER THE BACK is installed for rigidity, drill starte r hol es fo r the dowe ls in th e sid e and ce nte r
divider and install those pa rts with nails and glue. Notch out th e drawer bases to p rovide spa ce
for finger pulls and na il and glue these into place.
MAYJUNE, 1958 19
THE DRAWERS a re just a s eas y to make. Cut
them aut of '1.." fir plywood, allowing enough
ove rhang on the fro nts to conceal the edge of
the dr awe r ba ses. The ove rhang al so serv es as
a d rawe r stop. Nail and glu e the d rawer parts
tog eth e r. Na ils a re not e noug h, particularly
whe n they ar e dri ven into the e nd g rain of
thi n panel.
FASTEN WRITI NG SURFACE, or lid, t o ma in
unit with a 28inch pia no hing e.
TWO INEXPENSIVE fol ding brac ke ts wil l pr o-
vide support for the lid of the ha ng ing wa ll
desk. There a re several stan dard makes on t he
market . Mark holes for screws so brack et s
work pr operly and t he n scre w into place.
4. Now bevel the top and bottom
front edges of the desk with a sharp
block plane or a coarse sanding
block to match the slope of the
sides. Also bevel edges of lid slightly
so they are flush with top and bottom
surfaces of desk.
5. Smooth joints and round all cor-
ners slightly with 1/ 0 sandpaper on
a block. After filling nail holes and
exposed plywood edge grain with a
wood filler, smooth the desk inside
and out with 3/0 sandpaper.
6. Prime the desk with enamel un-
dercoat . Sand lightly, then a pply at
least two coats of top grade flat or
a semi-g loss enamel. Choose a color
to harmonize wi t h your wall or room
furnishi ngs .
7. Hinge t he li d to the desk with
piano hinge a nd inst all li d supports .
Mount the desk permanently on a
wall with the bottom 30 inches above
t he fl oor , screwing through the back
into the wall studs as shown.
20 WORKBENCH
A Tray For Your
Pockets' Contents
ALBERT LECLAIR
MEN WILL appreciate this handy tray.
It's very useful when emptying one's
pockets and prevents the mispla c-
ing of many a r ti cl es. The t ray has
compartments for keys, watch, coins,
etc., and there is an opening for a
pen and pencil in the back panel. Use
hardwood and fasten parts with glue.
The bottom tray is 19" long, 4" wide
and %" thi ck. Each compartment
has a lfz inch recess. The back panel
is 19" x 4" x lf2". The tray can be
f astened to the wall or a door or set
on the dresser. Finish as desired.
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PUBLICATIONS YOU CAN GET FROM UNCLE SAM
WOODWORKING CIRCULAR SAWACCIDENTS-This book-
le t includes a detailed analysis of accidents resulting
from the operation of woo dworking circular saws. It
discusses such subjects as the kinds of in juries received,
hazards of the circular saw, activity of injured at time
of injury, accident analysis and causes, and recom-
mendations for accident prevention. Three appendixes
pres ent statistics on circular saw accidents, safe oper-
ating practices and excerpts from the American Stand-
ards Safety Code for Woodworking Machinery. 68 pages;
45 cents. Catalogue No . L 2. 3: 1190.
SCHOOL Snop-LEARN SAFE WORK HABITS HERE-
This booklet presents basic safety information and sug-
gestions to be used in a workshop. It emphasizes the
necessity for safe work habits around machines, lad-
ders, and electrical hand tools; the proper methods for
lifting a nd carrying objects; and other points on shop
safety. 15 pages; 10 cents ($7.50 per 100) . Ca t alogue
No. FS 5.2:SH 7.
MOISTURE MIGRATION FROM THE GROUND - This
pamphlet discusses the theory of moisture migration,
the common ways or forms in which it gains access
to the building, and suggests practical methods by
which builders and homeowners may prevent or reduce
moisture migration. 13 pages; 15 cents. Catalogue No .
HH 1.8:28.
THIS Is THE FHA-The chief purposes for which
the FHA was created are to encourage improvement
in housing standards and co nditions, to facilitate sound
home financing on reasonable terms, and to exert a
stabilizing influence in the mortgage market. This
pamphlet presents information on the FHA insurance
programs for home financing, pr ope r ty improvement,
rental housing, urban renewal, coo perative housing a nd
other pertinent data on the F HA. 16 pages; 10 cents.
Catalogue No. HH 2.2: F 31/ 957.
Unles s otherwise indicated. all publications listed above may be
ordered from the Superintendent of Documents. Gov ernment Printing'
Office, Washing ton 25. D.C. Be s ure to include the c ata log ue number
as well as the t itle DC each publication ordered. Payment should be
made by c heck or mo ney order payable to the Superintendent of
Documents or by document coupons wh ich are sold i n sets of twenty
for $1.. Postage stamps will not be accepted.
MAYJUNE. 1958 l) 21
Holes
board
using
here.
in sheet rock or plaster-
can easily be patched
the method described
AWay to Repair Sheet Rock
E. HOFFMAN
PHOTOGRAPH I-With a sha rp knife cut a rou nd
the domaged areo re movin g loo se plaster and
CUlling the cardboard facing to mat ch th e hole.
PHOTOGRAPH 2-Using crum pled foi l or othe r
nonco mbust ible ma te rial , fill th e a rea behind
the hole.
PHOTOGRAPH 3-With a damp sponge moisten
the edges of th e hol e and the surround ing area
so tha t old plas te r do es not d raw too much
wate r from t he new plaster ca using th e two
to sepa ra te .
22 WORKBENCH
WI TH SHEET r ock or pl ast e r boa r d be-
co ming mor e a nd more popular in
home construc t ion, a new mainte-
nanc e problem arises. I n older con-
struction th e walls a nd ceili ngs were
of la th and pl aste r. Rep a ir s to this
ty pe of material were quit e si m pl e-
chip out loos e pl aster, moisten the
area and fill the hole wit h pl ast er.
In sheet r ock construction the sup-
ports fo r a 4-by-8-foot sheet are not
laths placed a half inch apart but
the studs of t he house which have
14 to 18 inch centers. If there is a .
small hole in this 14 to 18 inch ga p
it is not possible to take a little
plaster and fill it. Also the hole ex-
tends about four inches deep before
the sheet of sheet rock on the other
side of the wall is reached. To fill
this gap would take a tremendous
quantity of plaster.
The construction of sheet rock
must be understood to know why we
go through the steps to be described
shortly, Sheet rock, or plasterboard
as it is known in some areas, is a
%-, to 112-inch slab of plaster, rein-
forced with some sort of binding like
hemp, pressed between two sheets
of light cardboard. Even the ends
are enclosed for greater strength
and uniformity, The sheets usually
are 4 by 8 fe et in si ze and have great
structural strength. Usi ng them in-
stead of la th and plaster saves a
great deal of time and work in con-
structio n and gives a near finished
surface in a matter of minutes com-
pared to t he hours required and the
greater effort needed to cover the
comparable 'a r ea with lath and plas-
ter. Because it is a comparatively
new product for ge neral use, t he
methods of pa t ching are unknown
to many,
IN THE case of la r ge areas to be re-
pa ir ed, t he da m aged area can be
cut out to the vertical studs an d the
horizontal firebreaks. A sharp knife
will do the j ob. A new piece of sheet
rock, cu t to size, may be ins ert ed
and nailed into pl ace. Plaster er' s
tape is put over the seams, a light
coat of sea ling compound applied
a nd th e wall is ready for painting.
It is th e smaller, punc tur e type
holes t hat concern us here.
Wit h a shar p knif e cut aroun d the
damaged area removing loose pl as-
ter a nd cutting th e ca r dboa r d faci ng
to match th e area of t he broken
pl ast er. (Photogr aph 1).
With your fin ger, or a piece of
wire, probe th e hole t o det er m ine
th e location of studs a nd fi r ebreaks .
If they are nearby they will ass ist
in supporting the patch. Ot her wise
a larger qua ntity of backing mate-
rial will be needed . Take some al u-
minum foil or other noncombustible
material and crum ple it loosely and
in ser t it in the hole ( Photograph 2).
It will not take t oo much t o give you
a firm backing t o t he hole as t he
crumpled materia l will expand when
it is released inside the hole. If a
stud or fi rebreak was lo-ca t ed nearby
start working the material from that
to the fa r si de of the hole. Ot her wise
work out in all dir ections from the
hole with the last piece behind the
hole .
As dry plaster absorbs water from
new plaster too rapidly and may
cause a large crack where the new
and old join, one preparatory step
must be taken. With a sponge wet
down the edges of the broken area
as well as a small area around the
hole (Photograph 3). Do this in grad-
ual steps as you are preparing the
new plaster because the old plaster
will absorb the water slowly when
applied directly like this. After the
surface of t he broken edge is slightly
damp to the touch you may proceed
with the next step.
MIXING UP the plaster is a simple
task, if approached correctly. First
purchase a small quantity of patch-
ing plas t er. It is just common plas-
ter but goes by the name of patch-
ing plaster when sold in small quan-
tities. A handy mixing bowl that re-
quires no cleaning afterwards is an
empty cottage cheese carton. Such
cartons are waterproof and shallow
enough for easy mixing and getting
the plaster out of. Tin cans are usu-
ally too deep for their wi dth for
small quantities of pl aster. Any re-
usable container must be cleaned so
the use of the cottage cheese con-
tainer eliminates th is messy task.
Pour a small qua nt it y of pla st er
into the container ( Photograph 4).
Add a few drops of water and start
mixing. For small pa t chi ng j obs I
prefer a flat pointed kit chen knife
instead of a putty knife or the li ke.
This is also better for mixing. This
ty pe knife makes it easie r t o con trol
small quan t it ies of the pl a ster. When
th e plaster a nd water have mixed
t o the co ns istency of cr eamed cot-
t a ge cheese it is ready for use. Be
car eful that you do not make the
m ixt ure too t hi n as a th in mix is
t oo hard t o cont rol a nd will fl ow out
of the pa tc h. A little more pl aster
add ed t o a thin mix will thi ck en it.
PHOTOGRAPH 4-Put a small quantity of plaste r in the contoine r.
PHOTOGRAPH 5-Take the pla ste r from the conta ine r in small quantities.
a bout the size of a butt erba ll.
PHOTOGRAPH 6-Build up the hol e fr om the edges. aft e r aga in moiste ning a rea.
Be sure that you do not leave any
pockets of dry plaster as this will
ruin yo u r job. Do not worry about
mixing too much pl aster as it is
quit e inexpensive. If you do not mix
enough, it is a matter of minutes
to mix more and the first part of the
job cannot dry out that quickly.
Give the ed ges of the hole another
swabbing with your wet sponge then
with the tip of your flat pointed
kitchen kni f e take small balls of
plaster (Photograph 5), about the
si ze of a butterball, and start gently
wor king them into the hole , from
the edge s fir st (Photograph 6). Push
the plaster all the way back to the
aluminum foil. Continue to build up
until you have completely filled the
hole to the front surface of the sheet
rock. Take care when filling the hole
not to le ave any air pockets.
With the knife held almost flat,
smooth over the patch so that the
entire surface extends slightly out
from the sheet rock (Photograph 7) .
Take your damp sponge and holding
it flat, pull it across the patch, start-
ing from a couple of inches out from
th e side of the hole (Photograph 8).
This will take off any surplus plas-
t er that extended out and at the
same time give the surface of the
patch an ever so slightly rough tex-
ture to match the cardboard of the
sheet rock.
If you take too much off with t he
sponge, apply a little more plaster
with your knife and go over it again
with the sponge. Removing the ex-
cess thi s wa y is best because the
a l u min u m foil b ehind the patch is
still springy and smoothing with the
knife will just depress the foil while
pressure is applied and the patch
will move forward as soon as the
pressure of the knife is released.
Removing the excess with a knife
or sander after the plaster has dried
is a long and tiresome process. With
the same damp sponge, clean up
any exc ess plaster that may have
built up or smeared around the patch
and your job is completed.
Rinse your sponge and clean your
knife right away as hardened plas-
ter is rather difficult to r emove from
tools and impossible to remove from
PHOTOGRAPH 7- Smoot h ove r roughly with
your flat poi nte d kitchen knife being sur e ther e
a re no a ir bells left .
a sponge. The cottage cheese con-
tainer may be discarded and no
cleaning is necessary.
The entire project can be done in
les s t ha n half an hour . Cost is but
a few cents for the patching plas-
ter and the remainder of the unus ed
plas t e r can be saved for anot her jo b.
PHOTOGRAPH 8- With the sponge smooth over
the surf a ce.
J ust be sure to store it in a dry
place. A few feet of aluminum foil
costs a nother few cents.
With reasonable care in following
the steps outlined above you will
have a permanent patch which can
be painted over to match the wall
and will be impossible to locate.
MAY J U N E 19 5 B 23
Easily made, this gardener's bench can just as easily be carried
to wherever it's needed.
Gardener's Bench That's Portable
JOHN KRILL
ONE OF the handiest things a gar-
dener can have is a portable bench.
Here is a simply made and weather-
proof bench made of a new kind of
plywood called Crezon. Made by the
Crown-Zellerbach Corporation, Cre-
zon has a plastic face fused to both
surfaces of the plywood sheet. It is
an integral part of the sheet and will
never separate. It is rain, snow, sun
and fungus pr oof. Ch emicals do not
CREZON, a new kind of plywood, is adaptable
for outdoo r use. Here is a portable gardene r' s
be nch. It is quickly ta ke n apart or put together.
Ta ke n apart, it occupies a minimum of sto ra ge
space in the ga rage or cellar.
THE INTERLOCKED pieces look like thi s, offer.
ing a broad and sturdy base.
24 WORKBENCH
harm it. It may be painted if desired,
taking paint smoothly.
This bench takes up a rmmmum
of space since it is quickly taken
apart into three flat pieces. Assem-
bly is just as easy and takes about
a minute. It may be easily carried
to any part of the grounds for use,
rather than l a b o r i ous l y carrying
earth and other materials to a per-
HERE are the t hree pieces that make up t he
por la ble bench. The sides a nd ends of t he top
a re 3" x 3,4" thick white pi ne.
THE TOP is put in place. The edges of the X-
shaped base lock agai nst t he long 3,4" thick
st rips nailed to the bottom of t he t op member.
manently fixed bench. Its uses are
many. It doubles as a picnic or camp
table, a kiddies' play table, or a
game table for the lawn. Best of all,
it need not be sheltered for it is im-
mune to weather. Though dimensions
are given, individuals can build sizes
to suit themselves. This bench could
also be constructed of exterior type
plywood .
ASSEMBLY of the be nch is simple . Slip t he
slotted pieces tog et he r to inte rlock. Crezon is
resistant to che micals and fu ngus growth, an
ideal ma te ria l fo r gardeners.
THE BENCH in use. It is handy fo r potti ng
plants, sorting seeds and bulbs, d rying seeds,
and 1,001 othe ruses .
A t Your hardware
dealer or fill 1/7
a/7d mall t hIs
couPO/7 TODA Y I
Name _
City Zone_State _
_____ ______ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ J
MAY J U N E 19 5 B 25
Mail to: Geo rge Weatherby, Sales Manager
PORTABLE ELECTR[C TOOLS, I NC.
320 West 83rd Street , Dept . WB-58
Chicago 20, Illinois
Send me my Model 2[00 Jig Saw immedi ately.
I am enc losing $29.95 (shipped prepaid) .
Address _
See-AsYou. S aw J ig-Lite Light s A r ea!
L eft or Right Ang l e A dj us t ment t o 45!
Ei ght Inch Rip Fence and Circl e Gu ide!
Aux ili ary Gui d e Handle Fits Ei t her Sid e!
Cu t s Fas ter-2650 St ro k es Per Minute!
Powerful A i rj et Bl ows Away S awdust!
T here has never been a jig saw like th is! It has
ever ything . . . ever y possibl e fea ture to make
sawing easier and more professional. It's a whole
shopful of saws in one to help you bu ild, re-
model, repair . . . anything, anywhere ! Cuts any
shape, any material. Even makes its own sta rt ing
hol e. Has powerful co ol -running I. 8 amp. 115
volt AC mot or. Cuts fast er-2650 strokes per
min ute. Powerful J ig-Lite illuminat es yo ur work
in front of the blade. Wei ghs onl y 5v.. Ibs., has
perfect balance and compact design for eas iest
handling. Rip fence for accura te r ippi ng. Circle
guid e lets you cut perfect circles up to IT", angle
adjustment lets you bevel to 45 either side.
Longer, wider ba se for effort less, accura te work
. .. side handle gives per fect cont ro l. Power ful
airjet blows away sawdust, keeps wor king area
clea n. Easy to use slide t ype switch. Sturdy, six-
foot rubber cord plugs in to an y AC outlet ; no
special adapters needed . Ea sy to store ; only 7Yz
inche s long, 5 inches high. Equipped with t hree
special blades for coarse, medium or fine cutti ng.
(Ex tra blades and files are al so availa ble.) Hand-
so me si lver lust er finish. Order yours today !
CUTS2x4's, $29
95
PERFECT CIRCLES,
BEVELS TO 45! CO/llPLT
,-- -
NO OTHER JIG SAW
REGARDLESS OF COST
HAS SO MANY FEATURES!
_ TOP
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Display your Collection
in this Decorative Wall Hutch
ROBERTA i , FAIRAll
The simple joints required for this wall hutch make it particularly
suitable for the craftsman who works with hand tools or limited
power equipment.
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TOP STRETCHER
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TTERNS FOR CONTOUR PIECES AND THEIR LAYOUT ON THE LUMBER
~
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MATERIALS LIST
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The hutch cuts from 30 feet of surfaced 1 x lO-inch
,
knotty white pine as follows :
Item No. Rqd. Description Size
~
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A 2 Sides %" x 9%" x 27%"
B 1 Top stretcher %" x 3" x 39%"
\
C 1 Bottom stretcher %" x 5%" x 39% "
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D 2 Railing 3/
4"
x 3/.1" x 12"
~
E 1 Top 3/4" x 9%" x 41"
"
F 2 Shelves 3,4" x 7'/2' x 38"
~
G 1 Top rail 3/4" x 2" x 38"
-,
H 1 Lower rail 3/.1" x 3" x 38"
I 1 Shelf cleat 3,4" x 3,4" x 38"
J 4 Ba ck boards %" x 9'12" x 27%"
PA
Mis cell aneous :
6
16
26
12
4
La r ge- s ize cup hooks
'12" 3-prong chair glides
No. 8-2" flathead wood screws
No . 8-1%" flathead wood screws
3d f inishing nails, 6d finishing nails
White liquid r esin glue
No. 12- 2" r ound-head bra s s screws
26 WORKBENCH
Half patterns for stretchers need only
be flipped over to complete the full
pattern. Lay out the remaining mem-
bers directly on the lumber and saw
out . Remember to a llow room for
the saw blade between pieces so
they may be sanded to exact meas-
urement after cutting. You will f ind
dimensions shown in t he " Ma t er ials
List " and in the illustrations.
Glue all joints. The easiest way is
to start a couple of fi nishing nails in
before brushing on the glue; then
drive these in to hold pi eces t ogether
while you bore pi lot hol es and t urn
in screws .
HERE IS the construc t ion procedure :
Mark lightly on both sides of the
lumber the posit ions of all ' j oining
FINAL ASSEMBLY STEPS.
pieces, and bore shank holes and
countersink depressions for screws.
Cut plate grooves with a wood-carv-
ing gouge or substitute a t hin strip
of lumber or dowel for the groove.
Join rails and cleats G, I, H to back
boards J; then bore holes in G and
H to take the ha nging screws. These
must be loca t ed so they will turn
into wall studdi ng, usuall y spaced
apart 16" on center. Next position
rail ings D on t op shelf and assemble
sides, shelves a nd back. The lower
shelf may be bevele d at t he front
edge to match th e angle of the sides
after t hey have been joined. F as t en
t op to si des and back with 6d f inish-
ing nail s .
J oin top a nd bo ttom stretchers B
and C. Cover screwheads in the r ails
and cleat with wood filler, and tap
furniture glides over the others for
a decorative imitation of doweled
joints.
Finish with light brown stain
mixed from a littl e t ube oil color
and thinner. Wipe it off as soon as
applied to keep it light and trans-
parent. Let dry, and give the piece
two coats of s par varnish. Mix a little
of the s par varnish with the same
t ube oil color used for the stain to
make brown enamel, and paint the
chai r glides. When dr y, dull the lus-
ter of the entire piece by pol is hing
wi th very f ine steel wool a nd finally
bring up a soft mellow tone wi th
past e wax.
Turn s ix cup hooks under the lower
shelf.
o
2B WORKBENCH
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2"
SCREWS
Preventing Home Electrical Mishaps
TED MORGAN
THIS GIRL probably is in fo r an unpleasant shock. She is breaking one of the most important
of ho me safety ru les by tun ing her radio while taking a bath. A similar dangerous practice
which you should avoid is that of connecting or dialing your washer o r dryer whil e standi ng in
a puddle of overflow water.
ENGROSSED IN THE EVENING NEWSPAPER a s he is, maybe t his ma n do esn' t realize that he 's
breaking not on e but two rules for home electrical safety. Throu gh ove rloading a singl e circuit
by connect ing too many lomps and appliances, he 'll probably blow a fuse. Inste a d of reachi ng
ove r and d isconnect ing his ra di o by grasping the plug itself, he is yanking on the cord . This may
damage the cord ' s insulation, pos sibly lea ding to an eventual short circui t a nd fir e.
this trend toward more damage as
a result of careless use of electricity,
two groups-the International Asso-
ciation of Electrical Inspectors and
the Sa fe Electrical Cord Committee
-have formulated twelve rules to
. safeguard you and your pr oper ty
against hazards arising from the
careless and unwise use of elec-
t ricity.
They are:
1. Don' t connect too many lamps or
appliances to a single circuit, as
this can cause ov erloading, which
leads to blown fus es.
2. Don' t run lamp or appliance
cor ds over radiators or pipes.
Heat causes deterioration of in-
sulation, and if the bar e wire
touches a metal surfa ce, a short
cir cuit or fire can result.
3. Never touch an electric appli-
ance, radio or light switch while
you are in the bathtub or stand
in a p u d d l e when connecting
laundry a p p I ian c e s a nd never
touch any el ectric a ppliance with
wet hands.
4. Don 't place cords in d oor jambs ,
as the constant cl os in g of a door
will damage insulation.
5. Use conv enient outlets in the
walls, not lamp so ckets, for con-
necting electric a ppliances.
6. Don' t run cords under r ugs.
Wa lking on the cords will even-
tually d a m a ge the insulation and
t his da m a ge will be uns een be-
neath a rug.
7. Never touch any grounded metal,
such as a radiator, when handl-
ing connected electric appliances.
8. Don' t " ya nk" pl ugs out of sockets
by pulling on the cord. Gr a s p
the plug itself to remove it from
a socket.
9. Inspect all flexible cords regu-
larly for frayed or cracked in-
sula tion. Sharp corners of fur-
nit ur e , twisting and p ulling cords
can cause protective insulation to
wear out.
10. Disconnect el ectric irons when
you a re not using t hem.
11. When buying lamps, a ppliances,
extension cords, power supply
cords, or cord-sets, look for fl a g
la bell ed cords carrying the words
"Inspected-Underwriters' Labo-
rator ies, I nc . " All components of
cords bea r ing this label have
been teste d and proved electric-
a lly safe under rigid inspection.
12. Employ a qualif ied electrical con-
tractor t o m ake major repairs
and additi ons t o your house wir-
i ng after s ecuring approval from
the local inspect ion bur ea u in
your community.
M AY- J UN E, 1958 29
make t o warn yo u aga inst un-
safe pr ac t ic es . The lates t report of
the committee on s t a t is tics and
origin of fires of the National Bo a rd
of Fire Underwriters asserts that
about $5,800 worth of property is
dest royed by fire every hour because
of m is use of electricity. Tha t makes
a n a nnual total of about 51 million
doll a r s and the figure is going up.
In an effort to halt and reverse
ELECTRICITY COMES close t o being
man's most useful servant. Cert a inly
it is one of the most widely used.
But like any other servant it must
be treated carefully and wisely.
Man u f act u r e r s 0 f appliances,
lamps and other electrical devices
that ease our daily lives do their ut-
most to assure safe operation of their
products. But they can' t send a guar -
dian out with each product they
Copying drawings, diagrams and the like is made quicker
and easier with this glass topped, lighted box.
Illuminated Tracing Box
BOTTOM OF THE BOX is line d with ti n or foil to provide a reflecting
surfo ce. li d is a hinged frame cover ed with a pane of double-thick
glass . Hook and eye keep t he bo x closed a g a i ~ s t dust. Finish with a
coot or two of stai n or wa x.
30 WORKBENCH
HARRY J. MILLER
THIS I NEXPENSIVE lighted box is us eful when drawings,
t racings, schematic dia gr a m s , etc., need to be copied.
The inside of this box made f rom scrap lumber con-
t ains three l a m p receptacles wir ed up to a swit ch which
enables one or two or all thr ee of the bulbs to be lit,
so any desired degree of light is obtainable that is best
suited for the subject to be copied.
With the top slanted like a draftsman's drawing
board to make it easy to use, the pattern is laid atop
the glass cover, a sheet of paper then covers the
pa t t ern, and a flip of the switch brings the light of
one of three bulbs to pierce the pattern and project it
on the blank paper for easy and accurate tracing.
A kitchen cupboard-type handle makes the box easy
to move around. For safety's sake, mount the handle
not with wood screws, but with machine screws held
by nuts on the inside of the box.
Since the three porcelain receptacles inside the box
contain lamps of varying wattage, and the switch
permits turning on any number of these, the amount
of light needed is on tap for copying patterns of
different density.
The switch is a single gang electrolier type, and an
insert is cut into one of the wood ends for its installation
so that it will be flush.
Penciled lines are drawn on the wood to mark the
length and width of the switch. A half-inch hole is bored
at opposite corners at a diagonal, then a keyhole saw
is inserted in one hole, and the wood sawed across and
down from hole to hole, after which the wood will fall
out. Any needed further expansion of the opening can
be done with a rasp.
The box is made of 3ft -inch lumber, and is 14 inches
long, 12 inches wide and 6 inches at its highest end,
sloping downward to a height of 2 inches.
Atop this slant surface is a piece of double-thick
window glass held to a frame with a small clamp on
each side, and the frame is hinged to a top ledge with
two hinges, so the top may be lifted when necessary
to replace burned out bulbs.
Cover the interior bottom of the box with a sheet of
bright tin or aluminum foil well smoothed down, as a
reflecting surface, and mount a handle on one side for
easy portability.
A hook and screw eye or a hasp in front keeps the
box sealed against dust, and a piece of felt glued to
the bottom makes it nonmarring. Sa nd the box and
apply a coat of shellac, then wax.
Install at least six feet of lamp cord, or sufficient
to reach any handy electric outlet. Wire as shown
in drawing.
A SMALL CLAMP an each side of the wood top frame holds the glass
positioned. Slanted surfa ce makes for ease of tracing. Switch control.
light source.
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MAYJUNE, 1958 31
Combination 'I'ahle-Chair-Step Stool
RON ANDERSON
Figure A
Talk about versatility. Here's a piece of
furniture that you can sit at, sit on, rock
in or stand on.
. ~ "CONOl/IT COl/PUNS
/9 "
Y
HERE'S A versatile piece of furniture
that will keep the youngsters happy
and help mother out, too. It forms
a chair, a rocking chair, a table or a
handy step stool, all depending on
the way you set it (Photographs 4,
5, 6, and 7).
A real quickie project, it requires
just two 10' lengths of %" thin-wall
electrical conduit and two pieces of
%" plywood, plus six wood screws.
Rent or borrow a conduit bender to
form the sides, bending as specified
in Figure A and Photograph 1. Take
your time in bending the second side,
since it must be identical. Because
conduit bends rather easily-in spite
of the fact that the finished chair
has the strength to hold an adult-
you shouldn't have any trouble.
When the two sides are complete,
saw off the excess tubing and join the
ends with standard conduit couplings,
tightening well with a wrench (Pho,
tograph 2).
Fit the two plywood pieces together
using a dado joint plus glue and
finishing nails for strength (Photo-
graph 3) . Th en , with a %" drill, bore
PHOTOGRAPH l -Bending the fr ames f rom V/'
thin-wo ll conduit is easy with 0 ren te d or bo r-
rowed conduit bender such a s elect ricia ns use.
32 WORKBENCH
PHOTOGRAPH 2-After cutt ing off the conduit ends, they are joined
quickly and neatly with a sta ndar d condu it connector.
PHOTOGRAPH 3-For added strength, use a dado joint to fa sten the
seatboard securely to the table top. In addition, use glue and nail s.
holes in each of the six corne rs as
indicated in the detail on Figure A.
Slip the sides into place in the
notches, check for levelness, an d drill
holes through the conduit into the
edges of the boards. Two-inch wood
screws are used to fasten it all t o-
gether.
Give the chair a coat of colorful
enamel or a natural finish and leave
the shiny conduit as is. Further dec-
oration can be applied using colored
plastic tape or decals. The tape, in-
cidentally, makes it possible to make
an attractive checkerboard on t he
table top.
PHOTOGRAPH 4- Here it's simply a chair-
good for wa tching televisi on or "j ust sitti n'."
PHOTOGRAPH 5-ln this po sition, it's a corn-
fortable and sa fe rocking chair-one that won't
tip over if Junior rocks too fa r.
PHOTOGRAPH 6-Turn it over and you have a
play table-just the right height for use with a
footstool.
PHOTOGRAPH 7- Even mother ca n get int o tlte
act. It makes a handy ste p stool for getting a t
those hard to rea ch she lves .
MAYJUNE, 1958 33
Here are ten maxims to guide
novice homeowners suggested
by a man who learned through
experience.
So You've Just Bought a House
ARTHUR S. GREEN
CAN YOU replace a post with a steel
beam? Sand a floor and give it two
coats of stain before varnishing it?
Caulk a window frame to make it
airtight? Whether you've just ac-
quired a bright new tri-level or old-
style English bungalow, whether
you're a do-it-yourself home-handy-
man or not, those are the kind of
problems you will be facing as a
homeowner.
We joined the company of home-
owners just two years ago when we
decided to call a sturdy twenty-year-
old home (photograph 1) our own.
And now, from the worn callouses
on our hands, and the rainbows of
~
splattered colors on working clothes,
we've gained some knowledge to pass
on to new homeowners that may ease
the path for them. Not that we
minded doing it by ourselves. We 're
full of self-admiration for the job we
accomplished. But because t her e is
no one source to which all home-
owners can turn to and say, "Here,
here are all t he answers to my prob-
lems," we've developed our own ten
maxims for new homeowners . So
here goes . ..
1. Keep your real estate attorney.
NEVER SAY good-bye to your lawyer.
Chances are the same man who
guided you in purchasing your home
knows more right answers about sav-
ing you money and safeguarding
your rights to your property. When
we had our old sink replaced with a
new one, for instance, the chrome
peeled right off the spigot-before
we made a final payment. What we
learned from a five-minute phone
call to our attorney spared us the
worry and risk of having a lien
slapped on our home if we refuseal to
complete the payment.
2. Make all emergency repairs now.
NOW THAT you're a homeowner, you'll
soon discover that it pays to start
PHOTOGRAPH 1-Thi s is the house Arthur Green bought two years ago. The next do -it-yourself project he has in mind for it is the addi tion of
aluminum storm windows and screens.
34 WORKBENCH
PHOTOG RAPH 2-Repairs like se a li ng cracks and fissu res in a faundation are e as ie r ta accamplish
if tackled wh ile they are still minor.
store. Your loc al ha rdwa r e dealer
can be more than a mere di s pen s er
of nuts and bolts, screws , nails, and
so on . Ours happily advi s es on more
and more efficient m ethod s , mate-
ri als, and tools, recommends compe-
tent specialized t r a d e s men, and
makes ready estimates on materials
we need. Wh en we decided to res eed
our lawn last spring, for instance, he
MAYJUNE. 1958 ~ 35
PHOTOGRAP H 3-A workbench is essential in any home but it needn't be elaborote. Green impro-
vised t his on e f ro m a util ity table, made the se a t fr om scrap lumber. He believes that a sta tio nary
meta l be nch vise like the one at th e right is a necessity in any home.
roof ? What's the na m e a nd phone
number of th e man who install ed my
heating sys t em? Answers to ques-
tions like these ar e r eadily a va il a ble
in a notebook in my writing desk.
6. Get established with a reputable
hardware dealer.
EVER SEE a new homeowner? He's
forever making trips to the hardware
5. Keep records.
GOT THE deed, title, and other official
papers to your hom e ? Sto re them in
the bank vault. Taking m ore than a
casual inter est in newspaper a nd
magazine a r t icles about handyman
ti ps? Clip t hem ou t a nd fil e t hem
near your workshop, pr efe r a bly in a
regular fili ng cabinet like th ose us ed
in offices (pho togr a ph 6) . Printed
literature like our r efrigerator guar-
antee, di r ec ti ves for servic ing my gas
f ur nace, wiring di a grams of the
hou se , a nd lubricati on directives for
m y window a ir cond iti oner are all
the re when I need them.
When were the s ewers last rooted
out? How old is the material on my
4. Get your basement straightened
out.
YOUR BASEMENT is the heart of yo ur
home, whether your recreation room
is down there or not. When we moved
into our home, ours looked like a n
obstacle course. Frankly, from the
tangleweb of boxes, bar rels, a nd
scraps of this and that, we di dn't
know what we had or didn't have. I
suppose owners of new homes face
the same dilemma when they t ackle
the rubble left by various wo r kmen.
After establishing a wo rkshop cen-
ter, I di dn't see the light of da y until
I had done a thorough hous ekeeping
job; inch by inch. To my amazement
I dis cover ed I had a gallon of caulk-
ing compound, two sawhorses, six
extra screens, a n unop en ed bag of
cement - all t o the good. What' s
more, my wife was proud of t he fact
that t hanks t o my t idying up in
the basement my many up-and-
down trips in the futur e did not
mean an agonizing cleaning up after
foo tprints.
making e mer gency r epair s immedi-
a te ly. Wh ether it 's a new or old
home, ho w is th e pres ent condi t ion of
t he found ati on ( photo graph 2) , r oof-
ing, gutters a nd downspou t s , plumb-
ing, wirin g, a nd so on? If you don't
know good from poor in a ns wer ing
questions like thes e , don ' t be r eluc-
t ant to s eek a dvice - a nd possibly
hel p-from p ro fes s ionals .
3. Est ablish a centr al base of
oper a tions.
EVER TRY d ri ving a car without a
mot or ? Neither can yo u operate a
home efficiently witho ut a wo r kshop.
Before t aking paintbrush in hand or
tearing down walls to c reat e that
s torage s pace, locate a st urdy tabl e
to ser ve as yo u r t emporary work-
bench if yo u don't have a workbench.
We found one and ancho red a vise
t o it ( pho tograph 3) . Then I hung a ll
my hand t ools wi thi n easy r each
(photograph 4) . F r om a local super-
market I toted hom e a co uple dozen
empty fruit cartons, which, when
stacked side-on-side (photograph 5) ,
provided ample visible storage s pace
un t il I built permanent cabinets a nd
shelves.
PHOTOGRAPH 4-Whether yo u ha ng your tools
in a rack or in cabinets, hang the m sy st e rno t -
ically. Note adjacent locati ons of simil ar tools.
i
PHOTOGRAPH 5-As part of his eff ort to b ring orde r out of chaos in his basement Green organized
his miscellany of materia ls in ope n a nd stacked fr uit boxes befo re building permanent cabinets
and shelv es .
from home maintenance or creativity
can't mean it for very long. Think
not? Then watch your established
neighbors-the ones who have been
owning the same horne for years.
Our neighbor across the street has
been living there for eighteen years.
This fall he's sealing the cement floor
in his basement.
Indeed, home ownership and do-it-
yourself go hand-in-hand these days.
And attention to maxims li ke ours
can help make owning your home
more wonderful than anything Alad-
din with his t a rnished l a mp could
ever produce.
.I
PHOTOGRAPH 7-00n' t try t o do everything
yourse lf. If you unde rsta nd electrical wiring
a nd repairs, go ahea d, but if you a re completely
inex perienced in that fie ld, better call on pr o.
fessi onal hel p unt il you familiarize you rse lf with
the fa ctors involve d.
time." The mere idea of having ten
different half-finished projects star-
ing me in the face at all times some-
how frightens me.
9. Be patient.
HARDENING MATERIALS like plaster,
concrete, or plastic wood filler often
take longer to set than apply. Why
not use this time as an opportunity
to sit back and enjoy your home and
reflect over your progress while
Mother Na t ur e does her work?
PHOTOGRAPH 6-Green uses a regular office
filin g ca binet to store a pplia nce op erating ln-
structi o ns, guarante e s, wiring dia g rams, per ti-
nent mag a zine articles and the like.
10. Never say, "I'm done. "
THE MAN who says he's gr aduated
7. Seek competent advice.
WHEN WE decorated our living room,
how was I to know that the ceiling had
calcimine no paint could ever mask
out? After four hours and a gallon
of straining my neck muscles I vowed
I'd never tackle another ceiling, be-
cause it still looked cloudy.
Our next-door neighbors came to
my rescue when they told me their
ceilings were calcimined just like
ours originally. That bit of advice
spelled out a cleaning job instead of
painting the rest of the ceilings.
What's more, they r ea dily loaned me
a scaffold.
8. Don' t tackle j obs you ca n ' t do
or finish.
PLAY BALL in your own field. If you
don't have dies and tools for cutting
and threading pipes, don' t experi-
ment in your home. If heights scare
you, you can well imagine what kind
of a paint job you'll do on your dor-
mers or gables. Before I decided to
build a new ent r yway to our base-
rnent, I l earned what was involved
beforehand when I called in a car-
penter for an estimate. Thanks to
this foresight I let t he work out to him
and saved myself getting involved
with the foundation. Plum bing and
electrical repair (photograph 7) are
ot her example s of j obs t he inex-
perienced should think twice before
tackling.
Hand-in-hand wit h t his is our
motto: " Do only one thing at a
36 WORKBENCH
invited us to his own home to show
us how the seed he sells actually
turns out.
Laced Wall Rack
DO YOU have trouble keeping cata-
logues neatly arranged and easy to
get? Or maybe you have a like prob-
lem with t elephon e books or maga-
zines .
A novel and easy solution is to
make a wall r a ck with just five
pi eces of paneling l aced together . By
f a steni ng the rack this way, you
don't ne ed a carpent er ' s skill to
m ake j oints . And the plastic lacing
adds interest to the a ppear ance .
Another work-saving feature of the
rack pictured here is its us e of a
predecorated hardb o ard paneling
called Marlite. This material, which
offers th e beauty of an authentic
wood gr ain pattern, ne eds no finish-
ing. It has a protective baked plastic
surface, applied at the factor y . Avail-
able at lumberyards, Marli te comes
in various solid colors, marble pat-
t erns ana wu uu 1; 1"o.11J" .
Pieces for the rack may be cut
from material left ov er from panel-
ing a wall or ceiling, using a r egu-
lar fin e-tooth woodworking saw. In
sawing and drilling, the finished side
should face up. After s a nd ing. ex-
posed edges may be left plain, or
painted or stained to match t he panel
surface.
FIVE PIECES of Ma rlite, a pr edeco rated hardboard paneling, and some
plas tic lacing are all that are needed to make a handy and attroctive
wall rack for catalogues, phone books or magazines. Dimensions are
shown on photograph.
~
THE PANELING presents the beauty of authentic wood g rain-cherry
in this instance-but requires no finishing. It is cut with reg ular fine-
tooth woodworki ng saws.
!
HUNG ON A WALL, t he rack keeps its conte nts neat and easy to reach.
It als o adds a di stin cti ve deco ra tion for a bare wall .
r
AFTER THREADING th rough holes a long the join ts, th e plastic la cing
is secu red with a knot underneath. Edg es of the ra ck may be left
p lain, or painted or stained to mat ch t he pa neling.
L
MAY- J U N E, 1 958 37
ALamp you can pull
from the Wall
ELMA WALTNER
Ideal over a table or a desk, this extension lamp
has a range of two feet.
PHOTOGRAPH I -Asse mble the sticks by pa ssing screws thr ough holes
drill ed thr ough the t op sticks, scre win g into the bo tto m sticks of t he
a ssembly. Dra w just tigh t en ough th at the as semb ly may be exte nded or
collapsed with no wobble.
PHOTOGRAPH 2-Faste n the a rm holder block to the shield with a flat.
head screw pa ssed through a hol e dr illed through the a rm at the bottom
of the q roove a nd screwed into th e shie ld.
PHOTOGRAPH 3- Thre a d end of I amp co r d
through the pipe in the socket holder. Slip the
e nd of the stick between the legs of t he socket
holder, lining up the holes, and pass a stove
bolt through the holes, screwi ng a wing nut on
th e end of the bolt.
PHOTOGRAPH 5-Thread the lamp cord through
screw eyes just above center in each of the sticks.
38 WORKBENCH
PHOTOGRAPH 4-Slip the arm between the legs
of the a rm hol der a nd fa sten with a screw. The
othe r leg of the a rm assembly rides up and
do wn in t he g roo ve cut in the shie ld, as th e
lam p is collapsed or ext ended.
PHOTOGRAPH 6-Screw the base of the lamp
socket onto the protruding pipe, a ttach to the
socket and snap the two piece s together, drew-
ing the cord through as needed.
A LAMP which may be extended for
three feet or pushed back to within
one foot of the wall is particularly
handy to use over a desk or table.
You can construct it using the prin-
ciple employed in folding gates which
keep youngsters in check.
Cut ten sticks of %" thick hard-
wood (birch was used here) each 9"
long and %" wide. Round the end of
two sticks (see drawing) and shorten
one of them to 5" long. In four of
the sticks, including t he long stick
with the rounded end, drill holes
through the center and lh " from each
end large enough to a llow a % x 7
round h e a d nickel screw to pass
through easily. In the shortened
stick, drill two holes . Assemble the
sticks by pa ss ing the screws through
the holes and drawing into the un-
drilled sticks ( Photograph 1) . If there
seems to be a tendency for the un-
drilled sticks to split, dr ill small
pilot holes. Note that the rounded end
long stick is placed at one end of the
assembly and the short stick at the
other end, with rounded ends point-
ing in opposite directions.
Cut the shield shaped base of %"
hardwood stock. I n this case walnut
was used for the shield, arm holder
and socket holder to contrast with
the light sticks. Cut a dado groove in
the shield (see drawing) . Cut the arm
holder from a pi ece of %" hardwood
stock. Cut the da do groove in the
1%" x 1%" x 34" block before round-
ing it to shape (see drawing) . Dr ill
a hole through the block at the bot-
tom of the groove through which a
flathead screw may be passed for
screwing block t o shield. Dr ill a hole
through one leg of t he a r m holder to
accommodate the % x 7 screw. Scr ew
a rm hol der t o shie ld, positioning it so
t hat the left edge of the dado groove
on the shield and the r ight edge of
ASSE MBLY OF ARM
TO HOLDER
- '30CKET AND
ARM HOLDER
I
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111 2-
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"3T IC K
9 STI CKS , %"THI CK o HARDWOOD
I :
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I BLOCK 00
TOHOLD
ARM
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"------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -4. tJ1
ROUND OFF
END OF ONE
ARM HOLDER.


I I
.1 : DADO
1% 0 I CUT
1: :
- }-1';-tYi>l --_.
TOP VIEW
BASE
318"
HARDWOOD
PHOTOGRAPH 7- The lamp may be extended to a distance of three feet from the wall o r collapsed
to within one foot. as needed. The cord folds or str aight ens out .
MAYJUNE. 1958 ;1> 39
t he dado groove on the arm holder
a re in line (Phot ogr aph 2).
TO MAKE the lamp socket holder,
mount a 2
1
h" long s ection of 2 x 2
hardwood turning block between
lathe centers. Turn 1" of the piece
into a flattened ball shape. Remove
the piece from the lathe a nd cut th e
r ema in de r of the block below t he ball
int o a square si ded piece, each si de
1%". To do this, raise the circle saw
blade to Ph" above the table and
make four cuts on the four si des of
the pi ece. Cut a 3fs " dado groove in
the center of t he squa re si de d sec-
tion to the dep th of 1". Drill a 3fs "
d ia m et er hole through ball a nd
s quare base to accom m odate a length
of threaded pi pe. F or a ppea r a nce
sake r ou nd off t he bottom of the
squar e section usin g ba nd or j ig saw.
This step may be eliminated if d e-
sir ed. Fit a sect ion of t hreaded pipe
(or pipe coupli ng) =a" di a meter and
1%" lon g into the hol e, leaving %"
prot r udin g from th e top of th e ball.
Drill holes t hrough both legs of th e
squa r e t o accommodate ,3, " x Ph"
s t ove bolt . Dr ill a hole t hro ug h the
end stick of the extension assembly
t he same size. Thread the end of t he
lamp cord through the pipe and pull
it down so the end pr ot rudes. Fit t he
stick between the legs of the socket
holder and pass th e s tove bolt thr ough
the holes in the le gs a nd stick
(Photograph 3). Screw a wing nut on
t he protrudi ng end of the bolt.
F it the other end of the st ick as-
s em bly between the le gs of the arm
holder ( Photograph 4), pass the
screw t hr ou gh the ho le in the leg
of the arm holder, t hen through the
hole in the stick and screw int o the
other le g.
Pass t he end of the lamp cord
through screw e yes fast ened just
above the cen ters of each of t he top
s t ic ks of t he a s se m bly ( P hot ogr aph
5) and draw the cor d through until
a shor t length remains above the
pi pe . Slip the base of .t he la mp socket
onto the en d of t he co r d, th en attach
the co rd to t he socket. Sc r ew the
base on the threaded pipe (Phot o-
gra ph 6), then contin ue t o dra w the
cord through until t he two parts of
the socket can be snapped together .
Ext end the stick a ss em bly as f a r
as poss ible , adjusting the la mp cord
between the screw eyes . As the la mp
is pushed back to collapse its length,
the cord will loop itself between t he
screw eyes. Attach a plug to the fr ee
end of the cord.
The fi nish is two coa t s of shellac
and a coat of wax applied before
assembly of the pa r t s.
F a s t en to the wa ll with screws
passed through hol es drilled Ih"
from center to p and bottom of the
shield ( Photograph 7).
To keep the lamp shade le vel, as
the l amp is ext ended or collapsed,
the thumb s crew m a y be loosened
and the socket holder adjusted, th en
the screw tightened again to hold it
in pl a ce .
~ MADe FROM
*" W. PINE ORPI..'f
FT - 2 pes.
2")l 2." 'f.. I b" LONG-
112." 011'1 . -HOL- FOR
CONNCTIt-JG DOWEL P I ~
I " II
4 PEGS If,. DIA. 'I. 3 Y2,. LONG,
HOWARD E. MOODY
UPRIG-HT ANY CL AR MAT-ERIAL
2" X 2")( 4-2 " OR HI GHT TO SUIT
Y2." HOL fOR DOWL P1
Clothes Tree
r a Child's Room
1-- - - DOWEL -0/8" DIA. y... 3"
HOlf X';" DIA. X 2
Y4-
"OR MORE DEEP
H--- -CONNCTlNG DOWL PIN
Y.2,"DIA. X S'h." LONG-
IT ~
--r- ~
3"
~
-t
-,
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--7
fO
-.
.
L1l V
HEAD PIN
FELT COLLAR
APP. 3" OIA.
THIS CLOTHES TREE ca n be easi ly comple ted
in one even ing . using only hand tool s. Youngste rs
are le ss likely to sca tle r their d othes around
with this handy tree at hand.
40 WORKBENCH
THE CLOTHES TREE BASE is made up of two
piece s of 2" x 2" x 16" material, halved to-
gether and then secured to the upright wit h a
heavy wood screw. The ba se is countersunk to
accept the screw head as shown here.
IF YOU have a youngster who makes
a habit of piling his clothes in the
corner of his room or on a chair, this
simple clothes tree may bring about
a reformation. It's so appealing that
youngsters find it hard not to place
their clothes on its handyrpegs.,
The unit is very easy to construct
and can be made entirely with hand
tools, but, of course, a jig or band
saw, bench saw and drill press will
speed the process. The clown head
is sawed from a 7" x 7" x 314 " piece
of white pine or plywood. A 3fs "
diameter hole is dr ill ed up in the
bottom of the head for about one inch
and a piece of 3fs " diameter dowel ,
3" long is then glued int o t his hole.
The upright piece can be made from
any clear stock 2" x 2" x 42", or what-
ever height you prefer. Drill a hole
do wn in the top end 7/16" diameter
and 2%" deep. This is to take the
head pi ece. F our more holes, one on
each side, a r e also drilled 3" down
from the t op end. These holes should
be dr illed about 75 degrees to the
upright so that the pegs will slant
upwa r ds sli ghtl y. There is also a lh "
diameter hole drilled up in the bottom
end to a depth of Ph" to accept the
connecting pin which is driven
throu gh t he feet.
The fee t are m a de from two pieces
of 2" x 2" x 16" clear stock halved
toget her and a lh" diameter hole is
drilled through the two pieces to
t ake the connecting dowel pin .
The unit can be painted any bright
colors . I used r ed on the upr ight ,
gr een feet and t he cl own face flesh
wit h a blue hat. I also painted each
of t he fou r clo t hes pegs a different
color but they could be matched
with the feet.
After painting, the unit is as-
sembled. A piece of felt is cut to
about a 3" diameter to form a collar
-this with a Ih " hole in the center
to accept the head dowel. This collar
is t hen glued or tacked on to the
upper end of the upright. The feet
a re assemble d next, using glue and
the connecti ng dowel pin which is
driven t hr ou gh the feet and on up
into t he bottom of the upright piece.
La stl y the four clothes pins are glued
into th e four hol es drilled to accept
them and the unit is complete.
PATIERN FOR CLOWN HEAD.
MAYJUNE. 1958 ~ 41
These fish will reverse the usual process and do some catching
themselves-the attention of those who see them used as platters,
carving boards or wall decorat ions.
Contrasting Platters in Fish Shapes
DONALD X. FENTEN
ANYTHING MODERN is suppos ed to be
functi onal as well as beautiful. A
Ut opia is arrived at when an article
not only serves one purpose, but
t wo, whil e being extremely decora-
tive. A case in point are the two-
PHOTOGRAPH I -Mounting t he pollern.
toned "fish," which serve as decor a-
tive kitchen ornaments, handsome
serving platters, and us eful ca r ving
boards.
To gain an attractive and marked
contrast, the fi sh are made of soli d
pieces of white ash and mahogany
-with contrasting eyes. Completing
the list of materials are two small,
narrow pieces of leather thonging,
us ed to suspend the finished platters
in either kitchen, or dining room.
Before a ctually wor king with the
wood for the pl atters, the pattern
(Figures A and B) must be laid out
to full-size .
Mount the full -sized pattern to t he
ash stock, which should be no less
than %" thick (Photograph 1). Use
any soft glue, mucilage, library
paste, rubber cement, for th e mount-
ing operation . The pa tt ern and glue
will be sanded off in a l at er ope r a-
tion. Do not use hide glue since this
tends to hinder th e s anding. Do not
use thumbtacks for mounting the
pattern-the tacks will leave hol es
which must either be fill ed, or al-
lowed to r emain to mar the abso-
lutely smooth surface of the platter.
Use either a band saw or jig saw
to cut the stock to rough shape
( Photograph 2) . If machines are not
available, use a coping saw. If a
coping saw is used, make ce rtain
that the cut edges remain exactly
s quared off.
When t he stock has been cut to
rough shape, bore a 1" "eye hole"
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FIGURE A-Pollern for la rg e fish.
42 Ii: WO RK BEN CH
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FIGURE a-Pattern for small fish.
PHOTOGRAPH 2- Rough cutt ing to sha pe. PHOTOGRAPH 3-80ring eye hole.
with a No. 16 auger bit and brace
(Photograph 3) . Make sure a piece
of scrap wood backs up the hole so
that there is no chipping when the
bit comes through the other side of
the platter.
THERE ARE several different ways in
which the contrasting eye can be
obtained. The simplest way is to
get a child's marble, or "immy" of
the eye hole's diameter and force
it into place with gentle t a ps from
a rawhide mallet. Naturally, a black
marble is used in the ash platter,
and a white marble in the mahogany
platter.
If marbles are not available, or a
wooden eye is preferred, cut the eye
from contrasting stock, using a 1"
plug cutter, 1" rotary hack saw (if
drill press is available) , or if it
must be done by ha nd, use a cop-
ing saw.
The eye pieces are dr iven into the
pl a t t e r by a rawhide mallet (Photo-
graph 4) , or a hammer if the eye
has be en protected by cardboard.
The eye should f it snugly into the
bored hol e, and glue is not neces-
sar y . If the eye is slightly too large
PHOTOGRAPH 4-Driving in eye .
to be driven into the bored hol e,
sand until it fi ts.
Sand all edges and surfaces (Pho-
tograph 5) , s t a r t ing with grade Ph
-%- 1/0-3/ 0, until a per f ectly
smooth platter is obtained. To seal
MAYJUNE, 1958 43
PHOTOGRAPH 5-Smooth sanding.
CONTRASTING fish plallers.
Pl AHE RS as kitchen wall decoration.
the wood, apply a thin wash coat of
shellac.
For the purposes of the platter,
the fish is now complete (see photo-
graph below). However, to use as a
wall decoration, wrap a narrow
length of leather thonging around
the tail, and knot to secure it in
place. The fish may then be dis-
played in a kitchen or dining room
suspended by the tail (see photo-
graph just to left).
The same procedure is used to
produce the small fish platters, ex-
cept that the scale is smaller (Fig-
ure B) and the wood is contrasted.
While one or two of the smaller
fish are suggested as mates to the
larger platter, of course many more
may be made. For instance, the
large platter may be used to display
various fish salads (a piece of Saran
wrap over the fish platter will keep
it free of fish odors), while the small
platters may hold various cheeses,
butter, or relishes.
It is suggested that several sets
be made at a single time, since ex-
perience with these platters has
shown that whoever sees them wants
a set. Since these make wonderful
gifts, make sure your wife has her
set permanently on display so that
visitors may remark, and in that
way indicate their own house-warm-
ing or house gift.
44 4: WORKBENCH
Ricochet Checker Shooting Game.
FRANK SHORE
SHOOT I NG ARtA IS COV-
ER D WITH -NAML.. PAINT
(GR-E-N) F RAM-E AN0
BARRI 4:R MAY Sol:
I N SAME
R-E.D -E: NAMfL PAINT IS USED
TO COYR TARGET AREA .
WOOD 'FRAME Y2. "X "
GLUE D TO CARDBOARD
BASt.
BARRIER, SAME
AS FRAM,
GLUED TO BASt"
WHAT MAKES this game particularly
interesting is the fact that you can't
hit any of the four checkers in the
target area directly, because of the
barrier. So, the only way you can
shoot them out of t he diamond-
shaped target area is by bouncing
your' checkers off the walls of the
game. The checkers are projected
by flipping with the middle finger
which is held against the thumb
and snapped free. (Every boy knows
how to shoot a checker.)
Four black checkers are pla ced in
the red target area, as shown. The
player shoots the red checker s
against t he wood frame, so that they
will rebound and hit the black check-
ers out of the t arget area. When all
four black checkers are struck out
of the target area, the total number
of red checkers having been shot
determines the score of the player.
Each checker shot from the shooting
area co unts for one point, and low
score wins. When twelve checkers
have been projected without hitting
t he fo ur t a r gets out of the diamond,
the player los es t he ro und, and t he
next player proceeds. The red check-
ers are allowed to remain on the
playi ng field unt il a ll t welve h a ve
been shot out of t he shooting area.
Thus, they may be used to aid in
scoring a hit by being struck by the
checker that is being shot forward,
and, in turn, striking a target
checker or checkers.
Construction of the game is quite
simple. The wood frame, which is
glued and nail ed together, is glued
to a card boar d base. Both frame and
base may be fi nished with clear
varnish, if desired. Showcard stock
may be us ed for the base, and the
s hooting a nd t a r get areas painted in
with enamel paint.
M A Y J UN E 19 S8 4S
Light that Glows on In the Dark
KEN MURRAY
NO W AVAILABLE at paint, hardware and department stores,
luminous materials can make your home radiant at
night . Ready uses are obvious; finding a light switch
or telephone in the dark, locating stair steps without
turning on a light, knowing the whereabouts of walls
at a gl ance. Pictures can be made to glow in their day-
li gh t color s at night and luminous signs will point the
way.
",!
....
CHILDREN pa rticula rly enj ay luminau s a rt icle s in their slee ping q ua rte rs.
Here the little girl is halding a lumin aus stuffed cat an d at the left
is a luminous baak end in the farm af a dag .
...
WHAT IN THIS PICTURE will gl eam when the lights are turned aut?
Laak far t he rc dlum-pe inte d dial af the wrist wa tch an the dressi ng table.
46 WORKBENCH
The pigm ent s in luminous paints are usuall y coarser
than those in ordinary paint or enamel. The larger
particles absorb more light and gl ow longer. All
luminous (phosphorescent) pigments need daylight or
lamplight part of the time so they can shine in the dark.
They do not contain radium and are harmless and non-
toxic. Most such paints are colorless in daylight but
they can be given pastel tints by adding soluble dye.
HOW THE CAT a ppea rs when the ra am is darke ned . Psycha lagi sts hav e
fa und that such articles enable a child ta ga ta sleep q uickly, especially
if the luminaus paint used is af the shar t. a ftergl aw type
THE WATCH DIAL ca rnes aff seca nd best in campetitian wit h the luminous-
painted decal s a n the drawers af the twa chests. Same af the deca ls
a re brig hte r t han athe rs beccu se luminaus pigments af d ifferent calars
we re used.
Do no t m ix t hem with ordinary pa ints or pigments.
Luminous paints ha ve lit tl e coveri ng power a nd
shoul d be a pplied over white enameled s urfa ces. White
pa per, cardboard or adhesive t a pe can be lum inous-
paint ed a nd d es igns or lett er s cut from t hem for
attachi ng t o any surface.
All colo r s of lu m inous pai nt s will ' l as t for years
indoors and a year or two outdoors, where mois ture
causes a gradual deterioration unless they a r e over-
coated with a clear varnis h. When first activated after
exposur e t o light , t he brightest paints have about the
intensity of the light of a candle falli ng on a li ght-
colored wall t wo fe et away. As when you walk into a
motion pictur e theater in daytime, the eyes must be
da rk-adapted before the pa int can be seen to best
a dvan tage.
Brilliant effects are possible by decorating a
t r anslucent la m p shade, which will glow immediately
t he light is turned off. Small lamp bul bs may be coated
without gr eatly r educing t he illumina ti on whil e bur ni ng.
Childr en's ro oms be come pa rticula rl y attractive after
treat ment and off er th e younger set much t o t alk a bout .
Luminous-coated tape is easy to cut and a pply a nd
can be moved to different locations . The ill ustr a ti ons
suggest additional uses, which a r e practically unlimited .
Anot her but similar kind of paint is active only whil e
under " black" or .ultr a violet li ght and has the brilliance
of colors seen in color te le vision.
ALTHOUGH LUMINOUS plastic wall light switch plates can sometimes
be found in t he deportment stores, it is a simple job to remove and
paint you r old on es . This is how the operation appears in the dark.
THE FLUORESCENT TYPE of luminous paint, available in a wide range
of colors, shines brilliantly und er " bla ck" light. Cheapest black light
sour ce is argon bulb which screws into ordi nary 110volt socket, ha s a
long life. Tubular lamp made wit h special phosphors fits reg ular
fluorescent fixture . Other more powerful black light sources a re availabl e.
UTI-NEE" LIFETIME RADIO
T iN ee Rad Io Is Gu a rante ed
to work for yo ur li fe t i me!
tr ee s no tubes , batteries or
et ect r-tcat plug Ins . Neverruns
down l Sma ll er than a pa ck of
c igar e tt es! n e ce tve s lo cal ste-
ti onsmostanytl me .any-where.
Crystal dl o<!E"-UI.Q T u n e r.
Beautiful h la ck cab i-
net. Bui lt - in S pe a ker pho ne .
SEND ONLY $2
postman $4 .0UCODon arr iv: i l
ur s e nd so.nu (or postpaid d e li ve ry. SENT COM PLETE-
HE ADYTO I. JSTEN-I':OTHJNG E XT R A TO BUY EVERl Aerial
k it included f r e e s t a tions u p t o 1000 miles away! Ava r t,
ahl e on ly (rom: Midway Co ., De pt . GW - 6 , Ke a rn e y , Nebr .

Prepa re (o r t reme nd ous money m a k ing op-
full o r spare t ime . Lea rn corsage
cons tru ctton, flo ra l a r ra ngement , wed d ing de--
s igns, remem be ra nce p ieces. e tc . Al so ho w
to s ta r t you r own bu siness. M ak e money
wh ile lea rn in g . STUDY AND ARN YOUR DIPLO-
MA AT. Send for FREE 0 " Op -
poetunutes In Fl o ri st ry"
. NATIONAL LANDSCAPE INSTITUTE
StudIO WBsa 11826San Vicente 8lvd., Los Aneeles 49, CallI.
119 PATTERNS
FULL-SIZE trace on I
wood and saw out. Clever, a.
ORIGINAL designs, things W
you can make to SELL.
WaH shel ves. la wn signs
planters, book ends, others.' pOstpaid
BURGESS VIBROCRAFTERS. INC.
Rush $1 today. DEPT. C-38, Grayslake, Illinois
WRITE
FOR FREE
BOOKLET
LEARN P LASTICS
Complete LOWCOSTShop Method
HOME TRAINING NOW AVAILABLE
Get in on n iJt Money onp ortuntt l es in
P l asti c molding, casti ng, form ing , can.
ins. etc . Jear n as you l earn with Inter.
state' s prepared cours e.
All nlesttc materials furni shed.
INTERSTATE TRAINING SERVICE
DEPT. C-7 PORTLAND 13. OREGON
A FLOWERPOT stand, as shown in t he
illustration , is very easy to make.
The ends a re cut out of % inch ply-
wood with a coping saw a nd t he bot-
t om and sides a re fixed with gl ue a nd
panel pins. Two coats of paint- and
perhaps a decal or t wo-complete
an attra ctiv e pi ec e of f ur nit ur e.
SHAPE
: : FROM YZ PLYWOOD
,
': 2' 6
u
X I '
"
'I
'. 'I
"
"
"
' I
I,
"
'.
'I
::
,
,
I
Flowerpot Stand
DALE MOREY
MAY. J UN E, 1 95 8 47
PHOTOGRAPH l-The table is useful as sidebaard,
buffet, serving table. Drawers hald silver and linens.
PHOTOGRAPH 2-Smaath ta p and right hei ght ma ke it
a fine writing desk. Use dr awers fa r statianery, papers.
Easy does it
with this TABLE
PAUL COREY
Here's a multipurpose table that's easy to build, easy to move
around and easy to fit in a room or on a porch or patio.
TOOLS NEEDED :
Saw, hammer, try square, screwdriver, nail set, rasp, brace and If.t-, =B-, Ih-,
and l-inch bits.
MATERIALS NEEDED
16 feet of 2" x 4" ( pine, fir, or redwood).
10 feet of 1" x 4" (same kind of wood).
4 lengths of Ih" black water pipe (not threaded) 28" long.
18" x 8' piece of 1,4 " t empered hardboard (black is especially attractive),
2 carriage bolts :;fa" x 6", with washers.
8 flathead s crews , 2" No. 12.
6-penny fi nishing nails, heavy I" brads, gl ue .
4 cr utch or c hair ti ps, 3JI".
6 inches of %" dowel.
2 sliding-door pulls.
Spar var nish, br ush, sand paper.
48 WORKBENCH
THE SHAPE of this quickly-built table
gives it unusual versatility. Long and
narrow, it goes into places where a
wider table would steal too much
floor space.
It is light enough for easy carrying,
quickly changes from one duty to
another. It is at its best as a serving
table in living room or dining room,
on porch or patio (Photograph 1) .
It fits along the back of a couch or
in a narrow hallway. And, with its
smooth and impervious top of tem-
pered hardboard, it is a writing desk
without an office look (Photograph 2).
Pine legs, one-piece to p, a nd sus-
pended drawers make it easy to
build with on ly a few hand tools.
Cost of materials can be kep t under
$10.
Step-by-step const r uction of the
t a ble is shown in the foll owing
sequence of phot ogr aphs :
HOW-TO BUILD SEQUENCE:
PHOTOGRAPH 3-Cut two 60 inch ond two 14'l4inch lengths of two-
by-four, At eoch end of each of the long pieces, drill a pair of holes.
Drill two hole s through one of the long pieces as shown above. See
next photograph for dimensions.
PHOTOGRAPH 5-Asse mbl e these four pieces of two-by-Four into the
f rame shown in the photograph. Fasten with good glue and screws.
Fill ho les over screws by gluing in short pieces of Y,.inch dowel, or use
wood putty or plastic wood.
PHOTOGRAPH 4-Holes near ends are 3A inch from each e dge. Bore
hol e y, inch deep with y,.inch bit , then on through with \4 inch. Big
holes (top above) are centered 2 inches each way from ce nt er of one
two-by-four. Bore down 1 inch with I -inch bit, rest of way with %. inch
bit . Paper collar held by rubber band measures depth.
PHOTOGRAPH 6-With frame in position shown he re, drive the bolts
down through the holes. Drive them firmly into place, usi ng t he nail
set. Spread glue along upper edge of fram e and fit 18.by.60.inch
hardboard to it, as above. Weight or clamp it ti ll glue se ts.
MAYJUNE, 1958 49
PHOTOGRAPH 7-Now make the drawers, stcrt,
ing with the fronts shown above. Cut two 16.
inch lengths of twe -by-feur. Saw a notch '4.by.
%. inch in one end of each. Notch other end
of each 34 inch deep, 1 inch long .
PHOTOGRAPH 9-Cut two sheets of hardboard
15% inches by 17 inches, to fit these drawers.
Glue and brad them on to form bottoms. Use
rasp to remove excess of twc -by-Iour to form
a taper.
PHOTOGRAPH 8-From one-by-fou r lumb e r cut
four 1614 inch lengt hs, two 1414 . Wit h glue
and nails as sembl e the twa d rawers , a s shown
he re.
PHOTOGRAPH 10-With d rawers tu rned bot-
toms up, measure 2 inch es fram the point of
the taper and '4 inch from the outside edge.
With this as center , bore a I -inch hol e I inch
de ep. Drill the rest of the woy through with
a %-inch bit .
50 WORKBENCH
PHOTOGRAPH ll-Now make a jig to guide you in drilling the holes
for the pipe legs. Rip the remoining scrap of two-by-four down the
middle . 0 that it is 1% inches wide . Drill 0 %.inch hole through it at
on angle, sta rting the hole 3'l's inches from t he squered-cff end (left )
and letting it come out 4% inches f rom that en d.
PHOTOGRAPH 13-Drive pipe legs tight ly int o the holes, securing them
with a cement (such as Casco Flexible) recommended for wood-to-metal
joints. Slip crutch tips (f rom hardware or dru gstore) over the other
ends of the leg s.
PHOTOGRAPH 15-Sandpaper everything smooth a nd clean, rounding
corn ers very slight ly. Finish with two coats of a good spar varnish,
sa ndi ng lightly between coats. If the legs need it, give t hem a coat
of flat blcck paint.
1
PHOTOGRAPH 12-Complete the jig by nailing a scrap of one-by-Four
to each side . Fit this aver the frame of the tap, against an end piece
as shown. With this as a guide, drill a 3a inch hole to a depth of 3 inches
into the frame. Do t he sa me at the ot he r three corners.
PHOTOGRAPH 14-Slip the drawers over the bolts, as shown here.
Fasten with wa sher and nut in each. Picture shows how nuts may be
tightened down with a screwdriver if you don' t have a wrench or long-
nosed pliers to fi t.
PHOTOGRAPH 16-For easy grip in swinging drawers open, drill a hole
in the oute r side of each as shown here and dr ive in a cup -shaped
pull of the kind use d for sma ll slid; ng doors.
MAYJUNE, 1958 51
Advice to apply to appliances
Part VII: Motors and Moti on Producing Appliances, the Universal Motor.
J: J. LIGHTER
AN ELECTR IC motor is a device for
changing electrical energy to me-
chanical energy. It is a necessary
item in motion pr oduci ng appliances
and in com bina t ion heat and motion
producing a pp liances. The elect r ical
energy input is converted t o me-
chanical en ergy by the motor as evi-
denced by the action of the appliance.
You may r ecall that one way of
classifying appliances is according to
their method of op eration (May-June,
1957, WORKBENCH) as: 1. heat produc-
ing; 2. motion producing; 3. combi-
nation heat and motion producing.
We have already taken up several
types of heat producing appliances
such as: percolators, (July-August,
1957, WORKBENCH); coffee brewers,
(S eptember-October, 1957, WORK-
BENCH ); toasters, (January-Febru-
ary, 1958, WORKBENCH) . I n the No-
vember-December, 1957, issue of
WORKBENCH we in t rod u c e d motion
producing a ppli a nces with a study of
electric shavers. The shaver was
handled as a special category inas-
much as some models are powered
by vibrators and others by contact-
type motors whose applications are
limi ted. A universal motor is us ed
t o power some shavers and will be
discussed in rel ation to other appli-
ances herein.
A clothes dryer is an example of a
combination heat and motion pro-
ducing appliance. An elect ric motor
SINGLE LooP
/'IRMATURE
/
Tt,... ,N
+ IELO
Po L
FIGURE l - Simplified d ra wing of :he corn -so-
nents es se nti a l to the unive rsa l type, AC-OC,
electric mot or.
52 WORKBEN CH
is ut ili zed t o keep t he clothes in
mot ion while either gas or ele ctricity
supplies th e hea t .
E lectric motors have progressed a
long way si nce the model, circa 1837,
produc ed by Thomas Da venpor t , t he
m a n generally given credit for t his
invent ion . Wh il e this piece of his-
torical trivia is not necessary to ap-
pliance care it is sufficiently obscure
to be used on one of the big money
qu iz programs-so be pr epa r ed.
THE ELECTRIC motors commonly found
in home appliances will generally
yield to one of t he following classi-
fic a tions: un i v e r sal; synchronous:
induction. Kn owing universal motors
will also give you a n edge in under-
standing aut 0 mo t i v e starters and
generators because of th eir similar
co nstr uction. To th e average Work-
bencher t he synchronous motor will
be of mainly academic consideration
as you will see la t er . Induction mo-
tors, on th e other hand, present such
a variety of applications that we
shall have to limit our study some-
what. To do j ustice to the subject
of uni ver sal type mot ors in this sec-
tion we shall be forced to treat syn-
chronous and induction motors in a
later issue. A simpl e sewing machine
motor is used her ein as an example
of a uni ver s al motor . Th e primary
purpose of this section is to explain
fully the universal motor so t hat
A
B

O W' NO'NG5
/ L-e RUSl+
L-ARMATURt
FIGURE 2- Schematic drawings of t he univer ac ]
motor : II A" showi ng that someti mes the field
coils are represented by just on e symbol ;
II B" showi ng the connections necessary t o
produce the re sults in Fig ure 5.
la te r articles can concern themselves
wi th actual appliances us ing t hi s
motor r ather than ex plaining the mo-
tor a gain each time. Synchr onous
and in duction motors will also be
explained in other issues before deal-
ing further with specific appliances
using them.
. A univer s al motor is so-called be -
cause it can be operated with either
alternating or dir ect current. This
could be an advantage in t he case
of portable elect r ic too ls used in a
locality where both AC and DC are
supplied. This is not , however, the
main reason for choosing the uni-
versal type motor to power some
el ectrical devices . A universal motor
has a comparatively high speed and
high torque (turning eff or t) . This
means tha t for a given si ze it is
m ore powerful than some of its cous-
ins and well-suited to such arduous
tasks as operating dr ill s , mixers,
vacuum cleaners and sewing ma-
chines. Without further ado we shall
explore the workings of the universal-
t ype el ectric motor.
FIGURE 1 is a simplified drawing of
a universal type motor . It illustrates
the essential parts of any such mo-
tor. Not ice the field assembly con-
sisting of the fie ld poles-or pole
shoes-and the field windings (one
coi l r a t her tha n t wo shown for sim-
pli ci ty) ; the armature, consisting of
--....
"
./
--
,
,
,

CURR.NT
CONDUC.TOR ----'
FIGURE 3-Every cu rre nt carrying con d ucto r is
surro und ed by invisi ble ma g neti c lines of fo rce.
the commutator and the loop ; also
the brushes. Figure 2-A is a sche-
matic diagram depicting an even
briefer way to illustrate the un iver sal
motor-sometimes just one coi l sym-
bol is used to represent the field
coils. Figure 1, however, is at first
necessary to the basic understand-
ing of the motor. Assume that the
connections are temporarily made
so that current flows only through
the field windings and not through
the loop of wire (our armature in
this case). Figure 2-B shows this
schematically. We have now created
an electromagnet that is a magnet
which is such only because of the
effects of electric current flowing
through a coil of wire.
Every current carrying conductor
is surrounded by invisible magnetic
lines of force, Figure 3. If this con-
ductor is wound into a coil, the lines
of force will be concentrated and
have de fin i t e polarity (Figure 4).
Even greater efficiency is achieved,
in the case of the motor fields, by
winding this coil around a soft iron
or steel core. The iron pole pieces
make a much better path for th e
magnetic lines of force and give the
electromagnet greater strength than
could be obtained by winding it on
a core of nonmagnetic material such
as wood, cardboard, plastic, etc.
MOST OF us have experienced the
thrill , during our earlier lives, of
explor ing the wonders of the bar or
horseshoe magnet. We were aware,
even then, that they had a north and
south pole. We also found that any
two like poles repelled each other
and any two unlike poles attracted
each other. Fortunately this is one
s et of standards that hasn't changed
over the years! This is true regard-
less of whether we are talking about
a permanent magnet (like the horse-
shoe magnet) or temporary magnets
such as an elect r om a gnet- which has
magnetic properties only so long as
current flows through the wire. The
a d v an tag e s of electromagnets are
r eadily apparent when you consi der
that their magnetic strength can be
controlled merely by varying the
current thr ou gh th e coil. They also
may be t urned on and off by t he
flic k of a switch suc h as is the case
when huge elect romagnets are us ed
to load and unload scrap iron and
steel. The nearest approach that t he
per m anent magnets can make to this
is t heir app lication in magnetic
chuc ks us ed on some surface grind-
ers and other machine shop devices
in which their effect can be, so to
sp eak, turned " on" or "off."
But, let's get back to the home
and home appliance applications.
Figure 5 shows the lines of force
which exist in the air gap between
the north and south pol es. This is a
very calm and serene picture be-
cause it does not show what happens
when current a lso flows through the
armature such as is necessarily re-
quired for the operation of the uni-
versal motor. When current f lows
through the loop of wire (represent-
ing the armature windings) a mag-
netic field is set up . This magnetic
field interferes with and distorts the
main magnetic field (Figure 6). It is
this reaction between these two mag-
netic fields that gives the turning
effect to the armature. Figure 7 in-
dicates that at this point there is
no r eaction between the two mag-
netic fields although there is dis-
to rtion. This is because that at this
par t icula r instance the two main por-
tions of the loop are moving parallel
to rather than cutting across the
lines of force of the main field. In-
ertia, of course, would carry t he loo p
through this "dead" spot .
At this point an0 the l' proble m
arises: With each: section of the
loop about to move in the opposite
direction with respect to the main
field (the section that was moving
down is now moving up and vice
versa) and with the current in the
loop still flowing in the same di rec-
tion and with the main field still
having the same polarity how is it
possible for the armature to keep
turning in the same direction? The
answer to this long-winded question
is simple-it can't! There are three
in ter -de pe nde nt dir ection al factors to
be t aken into consideration with re-
ga rd to univer s al motor operation:
Direction of li nes of force in main
magn et ic field (arrangement of
nort h and so uth poles); direction of
cu r r ent in the loop (armature coils) ;
and movement of the loop with re-
spect to the main magnetic field.
It m ust be kept in m ind in these
explanations that if one side of the
loop moves up the other side must
necessarily move down. No single
factor can be changed without a
change in one of the other factors
resulting-that is if the motor is to
continue to operate. That is why we
said previously that the motor could
not operate if the direction of move-
ment of the sides of the loop with
respect to the main magnetic field
was the only change.
The answer to this dilemma is to
change the direction of one of the
other factors, namely, the current in
the loop. This is accomplished by
the use of a commutator. A commu-
tator is simply an automatic switch-
ing device which keeps changing the
direction of curl' e n t in armature
windings as needed to produce con-
stant reaction and therefor e motion.
A study of Figure 1 will r eveal how
this is accomplished, at the procer
time, as th e rotating commutator
segments change contact from one
br ush to another.
CERTAIN assumptions have been made
and will be made in thi s series re-
garding some aspects of electro-me-
chanical theory. It is the purpose of
the writer to present whichever vi ew
seems to be the most pl ausible and
understandable. The explanation of
electric motor operation furni shes an
example. Not all are in a greem ent
on some facets of the situation. Even
more basic than this is the argument
over whether current flows positive
to negative or negative to positiv e.
This is all very fine for debate, but
the practical Workbencher will prob-
ably appreciate more the fa ct that
these ideas are offered for him t o use
as well as just think about, so ordi-
CROSS SECT ION Of'
L.OOP I'.S
fOROM Tl-I END
MAGN.TIC 1-
Ol=' ,. < <: I " .. , ,
MI>.GNTIC
I \, I
\
I \ I I I I
rLINES <>f- COI L- I \ I I I I
I
f ORC
"c :', "
)
I
I I I I I
)
I
- -e- - -'> -
I C I I "
I
I /I I I
)
I +- - - +
TO PowER I C I I I I
I
-7 - - - + -
SOuRC-E I C t I I I .,.
)
t
, C" "
OJ
I
N S
I I I , I ) I
- -+ - ---+ -
I C I'I
I
I c : , '!
OJ
I
I I 1 , ' I
) I
- --
-
I I ', I I
I
\ I I I \ I
I
, I \' ,
I
- v -: I- ! tli:
,
-.........
5
01 RCTION Of' --r
ROTATION /
---
N s
FIGURE 4-A curre nt ca rrying coil concen t rates
ma g net ic lines of force and so arra nges them
to give itself polarity.
FIGURE 5- Mag net ic lines of for ce in the a ir
gop bet wee n mag net ic poles are as sumed to
flow from nort h to south.
FIGURE 6-The effec t of on e current carrying
loop on the lines of force of t he main mag-
netic field in the universa l motor.
MAY J UN E. 1 95 8 53
FIGURE 10-"A" : front view of fi eld a ssembly,
two sma ller leads have spring en ds which slip
over brush holders . " B": e nd view of e nd
frame (" A" in Figure 9) which cont a ins brush
holders and a self-aligning bearing .
FIGURE 8-A single stamping, one of ma ny
laminati ons used to make the field frame es sem-
bly shown in Figures 9 a nd 10.
losses can be reduced considerably
by the use of laminations rather than
solid stock and further by oxidizing
each lamination to insulate it . Al-
though the ordinary transformer is
not a rotating pi ece of machiner y its
principle of operation makes it vul-
nerable to these same ills and hence
it utilizes laminated cores.
There are two field coils sho wn in
Figures 9 and 10. Each is wrapped
around its own pole piece. There
could be more than one pair of field
coils but usually not in the smaller
motors. In actual operation one coil
of each pair acts as a north pole
while the other a ct s as a south pole.
Careless handling or assembly is
sometimes responsible for damage
to these coils causing several of the
windings to be s h 0 r ted together.
Sometimes a severe jolt will break
the insulation of some of the internal
windings and make detection and re-
pair next to impossible. This usually
calls for replacement of the coils as
a set, either because that is the
only way t hey are sold or in order
to avoid any confusion. External
breaks can usually be repaired. Care
must be taken in placing the field
connecting leads. If they are not
pressed out of the way the armature
s
(ESTABLI SHED
-

{O-\"l
.... Jj
.... _..:r_ _ ,
N
FIGURE 7-Were it not for the commutator of
the universal mot or the a bove condition would
holt the turning of the loop; the field is dis-
torted but Ihere is no rotational effect.
narily just one concept is selected
for presentation.
Considerable de tail is being used
herein to cover m any aspects of uni-
versal motors-which is the purpose
of this section. Some later articles
will deal more wit h the a ppli ances
themselves rather th an their power
plants. The motor shown in the photo-
graph, according to the name plate,
is a 115-volt, AC-DC motor rated at
.7 amperes. It is a series connected
(see Figure 2) sewing machine motor
and serves as a good example, al-
though smaller than some universal
appliance motors. A study of the mo-
tor's components yields much inter-
esting and informative details.
The field pol es (or pole pieces) are
integral with the field frame . In
fact the whole assembly is made up
of s tampin g s, called laminations,
stacked together. A single stamping
is shown in Figure 8. There is a
reason for making motor and gen-
erator poles and armature cores in
laminated fashion. In making a ma-
chine more effi cient it is important
to reduce, where possible, any en-
ergy losses. In rotating electrical ma-
chinery two such means of energy
losses are hysteresis and ed dy cur-
rents. It has been found that th ese
FIGURE 9-A uni ve rsa l type sewi ng machi ne
moto r. "A": end fra me into whi ch th e b rush es,
bru sh spri ngs, and brush cap shown are placed.
liB": fiel d a ssembly. "C": a rmature . " Oil : en d
frame. " E", sma ll pa rts re ta ined in dish.
BIBY
<IlQlAlOl'
"njjJ)OO'
SWTN(;
ffilJlU
tr'!Jf
.'- ., .... _"
Two
(yelel
HilWilh
Cu shioned

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54 WORKBENCH
may rub ag a ins t them and cause dif-
ficulty. As a matter of fact just such
an occurrence wa s about to cause
trouble in the motor shown in the
photographs. A small piece of plas-
ti c electrical t ape and care in re-
assembly will aid in adding many
m ore yea r s to its life. This compara-
ti vel y new pl astic ele ct r ic tape is
preferred over the old type for sev-
eral reasons. Its sticking power
s eems to be much better and al-
though it is thin it has great insulat-
ing properties. This thinness is es-
pecially appreciated in working with
smaller it ems such as motors of
this type.
MO TOR EFFICIENCY is also dependent to
some ext ent upon the a ir gap be -
tween the armature and t he pol e
pieces. Too la r ge a gap results in
the loss of some of the str eng t h of
the magnetic field. On the ot her hand
a gap must exist in order to allow
for manufacturing tolerances, slight
deformaties in the parts, etc. Good
alignment betwee n t he armature
shaft and the bearings is also called
for . Heavy, rigid construction makes
this possible on la r ger motors. Small,
lightweight appliance motors must
sometimes rely on other means. This
other means is shown in Figure IO-B
which shows one end frame contain-
ing the brush holders and a self-
aligning bearing. These self-aligning
bearings are free to swivel within
certain limits. Being easily movable
they are forced into alignment by
the rotating armature shaft.
The armature may be seen t o co n-
sist of many loops of wire instead
of the single loop found in F igur e 1.
These loops are known as the arma-
ture windings. They are pressed into
the slots of t he laminated co re whi ch
are designed for that purpose. Be-
sides the windings and t he la minated
core the armature a lso is made up
of the shaft and the commutator.
I n Figure 9 a fan is al s o shown. A
fan will frequently be found on t hese
motors for cooling purposes. Thes e
fans are sometimes a source of trou-
ble. If they become bent or broken
or distorted they may throw t he
armature out of balance, cause vi-
bration , rubbing of internal parts
and si milar ills.
The com m ut a t or is a very neces-
sary part of the universal motor
armat ure but it is also one of its
drawbacks. In Figure I ea ch end of
the loop is connected to a commu-
t ator segm ent. This same principle
holds t rue in actual practice-each
end of ea ch loop or coil must be con-
nect ed to a commutator segment.
Since ther e a re many loops or coils
t he re will be m any segments. These
segments a re usually of copper and
a re of course insulated from each
other and the shaft. I n the larger
motors and in automotive generators
and starters the insulation usually
preferred is mica. Smaller motors
may use a different type of insula-
tion which is softer than the mineral
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Yes!
I had cancer
"MANY PEOPLE th ink cancer is
incurable. They're wrong and I
can pro ve it! So can 800,000
other Americans like me.
"On a gray morning in No-
vember , 1942, a specialist con-
firmed t he diagnosis of cancer
made by my family doctor. What
he had to say reassur ed me.
"He expl ai ned that, t hanks to
my habi t of having yearly check-
ups, 'my doctor had caught the
cancer in its early stage. It was
localized and it could be com-
pletely removed by surge ry . So,
here I am as hale and hearty as
if I'd never had cancer !"
That was 15 years ago, when
onl y 1 out of 4 persons wit h can-
cer was being cured. Today,
t hanks to improved methods of
treatment , and earlier diagnosis,
1 person in 3 is being saved.
A n d "With present kno"Wl-
edge, it can be 1 in 2, if every-
one observes two simple precau-
t ions: Have a healt h checkup
annuall y. Keep alert for cancer's
seven danger signals.
Progress in t he American Can-
cer Society'S fight against cancer
depends on the dollars donated
for its broad, nation-wide pro-
gram of research, education and
ser vice to the stricken.
Help t o s "Well t he ranks of peo-
piesaved fromcancer. Fi ght Can-
eel' wit h a Checkup and a Check.
Send a check now to "Cancer."
care of you r local post office.
FIGURE l1 - End view of commutator showing
p ro pe rly und e rcut mica below segment surface
a nd hi g h mica above se g me nt surface.
PROP RLV UNl>:RCu T
M I CA -,
1

SGMNT \ I
\ I
eND VI W Of. '" <, ; - AII,MATOR
PO RT ION OF J
A COMMUTI',TOR,
mica and need not be underc ut.
Figur e 11 shows what is meant by
under cutt ing the m i c a. It simply
means that the mica is cut until it
is bel ow th e level of t he segments.
P rotrudi ng mica, which is harder
than t he copper, would ca use rapid
wear of the brushes , keep t hem from
making proper contact on the com-
mutator, cause arcing, bur ning and
pitting, etc . For this reason it is
undercut after the commutator has
been trued. On smaller mo tors the
commutator may be clea ne d and
trued to some extent as shown in
Figure 12. A piece of fine abrasive
paper or cloth should be wrapped
around the commutator and the arm-
ature turned back and for t h until
the commutator is restored to good
condition. Lar ger commutators which
may get slightly out-of-round and are
subj ect to greater wear will proba-
bly have to be trued on a lat he if
damage is more than slight. The
next step is to undercut the mica,
which may be done by machine or
with a piece of hacksaw bla de. Next
the commut ator is polished with fine
abrasive paper and the dust blown
out from between the segments to
gua rd against poss ible shorting. More
tips on doing thi s work will be given
FIGURE 12 - Dre ssing th e armature' s comm utator
is easy, o n a sma ll mot or , if th e a bra sive pape r
is held around t he commuta to r a nd th e a rmatu re
twist ed bo ck a nd fo rth a s shown.
ThomasCIhompsonCO.
1 5 3 9 Deer f i e l d Road Dep t. PH
Hig h la nd Par k , Il lino is
MAKE $25 TO $50 A WEEK
CLIPPING NEWSPAPER ITEMS!
)f a ke money In spa re time at home. dip..
pin K' wa nted t rom your new5pa per t or our
;'11; 0 ex peri e nce or Inves t ment required.
Si mply cut out the rl l' h t Item with a pair of s hea rs
It orr to the addreu e!; we tell you about-and
l or a li t tl e thlnl' lik e t h . t (a n d t ha t OSLV,. man)'

n ame lnda y l or FRE E d et aUs. :"<to oblJol'atJon
S ATIOSAL, Dept. 81- W n . Kn ickerbock er Statio";
S ew York 2. S . Y.
We offe r a full line of Ice Colors for f iri ng on
glass. Write for complete information.
NEWfor GLASS DECORATORS
Castin g in pla ster Or imitation marbl e. Exp eri ence un -
necessary . 50 material mak es $1. 00 retail sell er, Enor-
mous pr ofits on small Invest ment . Ambiti ous men and
women now have oppor um ity to sta rt own business.
negtn In cellar or spa re room. Novelty shops and
'Stores demandi na gren te r out put Send Co r Cr ee
catalog and CUll In!onnatlon th at tells YOU all about
Flexible rubb er molds Cor speedy pr oduction. Get st arted
now on t he road to success.
K C NOVELTIES- Dept. 18, Rout e 10, Southampton, Mass.
Everyone a pprecia tes t he be tter results , th e
improved workrnans hip, t he beautiful pieces
you get wit h T C T E na mels. For 65 years.
we have emphasized quality . value and service
to ena melers . . . now offer over 150 s ha des
of enamel colors in lump a nd powder plus,
opalescent . crackle, glaze pa int , separation
enamel , threads liquid go ld .
We also suppl y: Write for I: ,,, :I
Ki Ins , Findings, Metal Shapes, FREE
Chains, Trivets, Frames, Wire. CATALOG
1st STEP TO BETTER
ENAMELING.'.; ;,."
, pi, ':g {/. ,
" QO@ / ' l '.I
-/
F ULL SI ZF: patterns up t o 2 0" o f Dutc h
Boy a nd Girl. Dwarf. P e n u u !n . Fi shi ntr Bov,
Ani mal s , Birds. S ovelt le s a nd manv o t her
po pular it e m s . Ea sy to m nko a ml sell . .Ju s t
t r a ce . c u t out and pai nt . S(' .,d '0: 1. 0 0 t rx tn v
f or the I .AWN ORNAMF:NT PACKET co n ta in -
a ll 9 0 nat t er-n a .
MASTERCRAFT PLANS. Dept. 528
7041 Olco t t Ave n u e Chicago 3 1 . Ill i no is
56 W 0 RK 8 ENe H
HIQUALITY REPRODUCTION!
WEIGHS ONLY 2 POUNOS!
WITH @
Here is the answer. The clear, complete, e.Jsilf followed instruc-
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proM products The steadIly Il Slng demand lor ornamental con-
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pensive. CMC permanent, hghtwelght, hIgh QualJty AlumInum
Molds have a national record 01 sales success. CopyrIghted
deSIgns. Ease of manufacture. Catalog 01 over 200 SpeCI alty
l or yoursell . Gel the lull comptete story. Ordel
thiS big. l ully Ill ustrated OOok today.
ASS'T. WOOD CARVING TOOLS
Surgical Steel - Hollow Ground.. _.$175
per set
Brand ne w, never used surplus at a fraction of
th eir or ig inal va lue. Each knife approx. 6"
long, surgical steel blade . Firmly allached in
ha rd wood ha ndle with br a ss ferrule . Guar-
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ha nd to razor-li ke edge. Will no tch,
cut , part ri ght and left, etc. A complete set for
e v!' r job of .m,?del sculptur'inq, block
prmtmq, whi ttlinq , Silk screemng, on plastic,
this low, low price. Add 25c handling cost.
(Total $2) worth much more. Sorry No C:O.D.' s.
NOVEL MFC. CO., Opt. CH-2303
33 Second Ave. New York 3, N. Y.
cs SPECIALTY MOLDS
"1---------------+
PRECISION ENGINEERED - Amazing. new, battery operat ed,
portable, fully transisto r i zed recorder. imported from West Germany.
precisicn engineered to render same functions as machines costing 5 t i mes as much.
PENNIES TO OPERATE - The Ingenious Tel-Tape records, plays back . erases - has varl -
able speed controls! Operates on 4 small flashlight batteries available at any store
for pennies. Simply press button and record.
Unconditionally guaranteed for 90 days against mechanical defects. Comes complete
with sensitive microphone, head set and tape .- $29.95 plus $1.25 pp. & hdlg.
FOR HOME, STUDENTS, BUSINESS -It will be the center of attraction at home for
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and fr iends - records radio, record and TV shows! Educators agree t hat students bene-
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verbal agreements, discussions. Perfect for recording interviews!
12
AVAILABLE ACCESSORIES
PATCHCORD - Plug i n attachment for playback thru radio, TV or phonograph $2.00
STETHO HEAD-SET - Like a doctor's stethoscope. Lightwe ight. leaves hands
free for typ ing, etc $6.95
REEL OF TAPE (225 ft.) $1.25 I
BATTERIES - Set of 4 SOc
Send Check or Money Order. $3.00 Deposit on COD orders. I
MONEY BACK 1

,
r--------------------------
Never Before Available at this LOW PRICE:
PRECISION, PORTABLE, I
BATTERY OPERATED, TRANSISTOR:
TAPE RECORDER I
$29
95
I
pl us $1.25 I
pp. & hdlg. I
COMMUTIITQit
with the abrasive si de out so t hat
relative motion between the brushes
and the abrasive causes th e brushes
to seat rapidly. Brush shape m ay
vary but various round or square
cross section forms are most often
found . The latter types are easier to
work with and will seat better as t hey
are not free to turn in their hol ders.
A constant , but not too heavy,
pressure must be a pplied against the
brushes to keep them in contact wi t h
the commutator. Care must be taken
not to lose these springs when the
brush holder caps a re removed.
Brushes can usually be inst alled or
removed without disassembling the
motor. This is not only handy in
itself but allows you, after wo r ki ng
on a motor, easily to inst all the
brushes from outside. Let me assure
you that this is much easier than
trying to hold a pair of brushes back
at the same time against spring
pressure while trying to insert the
armature commutator between t hem.
later when we take up appliances
utilizing larger universal motors.
Brushes make po s sibI e the elec-
trical contact between the fixed and
rotating portions of the universal mo-
tor. Common brushes consist mainly
of carbon and being softer than the
commutator will in time wear out.
Because the brushes " fl oa t" against
the comm uta tor the commutation
process is at best a series of inter-
ruptions . Sparking, or arcing as it is
more often called, occurs when an
el ectrical circuit is broken or in-
terrupted. Some arcing between the
brushes and the commutator is,
therefore, normal. When arcing be-
comes exces s iv e poor operation and
damage is to be expected. Open or
shorted armature windings could be
the cause but it is more likely to
result from a rough commutator,
worn brushes, improperly seated
brushes or some similar cause. Seat-
ing the brushes is the term us ed in
reference to fitting the end of the
brush to the contour of the commu-
tator a s shown in Figure 13. The
abrasive cloth or paper is pl aced
fi GURE 13-0ne method of seating brushes.
Be sur e that t he abrasive side of the paper is
placed nex t to t he bru shes.
MAYJUNE, 1958 57
INTERSTATE TRAINING SERVICE
DEPT. K-7 , PORTLAND 13, OREGON
Print At Home
Cards . Stationery, Advertising ,

t oo. Sa ve money. Print
for Others . Good Profit. Have a
home print shop. So ld di rec t f ro m
factory only . Peve for it s elf a
s hor t t ime. Junior press $16; Se nior
$29 up. Easy rules se nt . We s upply
everything. Write for f ree ca ts"
l oR' of outfits a nd aU details .
KELSEY PRESSES. ..95. Meriden, Conn.
LEARN METALCRAFT
and JEWELRY MAKING
LowCost HomeTraining Now Avail able
Ma ke mun cy. Learn pr or tt a b te sk ills a.ud
a rts of dccorat lve metal and jewelry crafts.
"'t o Cou rse is complete. Professi onall y prepared .
Ea sy to muster. gpc clnl tool s and ma teete ts
furnish ed . Send f or fr ee li t erature.
MAKE BIG PROF='ITS- Fult or spare
t ime business r Ig ht In your home .
YOU can weave beautiful , serv iceable
ru gs on Jow cost l oom that comes
th readed. ready t o woeve-ctncrud tng
nec es sary ac cessor ies ! Ju st a few
da ys we avi ng w ill pay cos t of loom.
Send for FREE loom fold er , sample
card, and low prices on warps and suppt tes, Get sta rte d
now on t his easy way to yea r ar ound ex t ra tnco mot
OR. RUG CO. Dept. 5B2 LIMA, OHIO
- MAIL ORDER--:.
OPPORTUNITY
EXCITING home bus iness or off ice s ide line. Mail
order executive will show you how to net large
profits wit h no Investm ent in merchandise or ad-
vertising required. Experience not n e c e s s a r y.
Proven prac ti cal, fUlly expl ained In FREE conf l-
dential leller. Writ e: IMPACT! INC., Dept. 186,
3407 Prospect Avenue. Cleveland 15, Ohio.

CHAIR CANE
SAVE YOUR VALUA8LE CHAIRS
Ea sy to do ro uesetr. Ge nul n e
St rand Can e. \Voven Cane w eb-
i bi ng for Chairs with Groove. Ash

Splint s. Fl ngg Rush. Cat al og Dime.

Inst r ucti ons 250. Complete Seat
. . . W e a v in g Book . $1. 15. Rarna.
Basket Reed, Ba sket ry Book, 15c.
3, T roy, N.
If you have an invention you wish to sell ou tright or
licen se on royalty. write us at onc e. Weare see k ing in..
ventionsof household items. games . t oys, sports it ems,
tools, and mechanical and t echnical dev ices . Patented
or unpatented. For f urther information and fr ee bro -

KESSLER CORPORATION, Dept. 195D,Fremont.Dhio
famous World Trader Shows You
How To Buy Below Wholesale
bbfo
Suet s need ed. Proven fo r mula guides men and
women - s hows yo u how to pock et profit s in
advance, how to g et products for full o r
spare time hom. m all order bus iness.
Open ca sh ord ers , t ak e out the mon ey . deduct
yo ur profits. then have th e imports s hipp ed
direct from abroad. No stocJcs to carry on
new pla n, no f ace to f ace selltng. Or ha ndle
volume or ders f or wholes alers. gi ft or depart -
ment stores etc. Ex port opportuni t ies also.
FREE SAMPLES-Contacts Abroad
63(
Trad ers which provides j-cu wi th monthly
I bull et ins revealing for ei g n pr oducts with
I
,1' 1
1
'. nam es and addresses of over s eas supplie rs .
50l Huge Uncrowded Opportunity
Ea ch year mor e imports ar e offe re d in U. S.
. and sna ppe d up by mail or de r and sto re bu yers
'''111"1 alike . And t he word " imp orted" is like mag-
W
9BC. 41 ' Ic t o the mill ion s wh o want new, rare, r oman-
tic a nd unu sual g if ts at bi$" savi ngs . An d
1. there see ms to be no end t o t hISdemand. Dth-

some pr ofit s . Whynot you ? Get full details
..
ALL FREEl Ther e' s no obli gati on
.
" whatever No sa lesman will call on you.
. Air mail r each es us over ni ght . Write.
., . .. THE MELLINGER CO.
1717 Westwood BlvdDept . P235, Los Angeles 24. Calif.

WRITE
FOR FREE
BOOKLET
FIGURE 14-Reversing the direction of rolotio n
of 0 universol motor moy be done by reversing
th e fie ld coil connections to the brushes.
YOU WILL notic e in F igur e 9 t hat r e-
spect is shown for the small pa r ts
of the mot or by placing them in a
dish. The habit of using a container
for t hese small parts is a good one.
One small screw, nut, or spring
might well be the hor seshoe nail that
lost th e kingdom-if you remember
the tale. An assortment of rubber,
fibre, and steel washer s are usu-
ally found on each en d of the arma-
ture shaft. De p endin g upon their
kind and placemen t they a id in re-
ducing fri cti on, armature " pl ay" and
act as seals agai nst t he oil and
grease. They sometimes stick to the
end frames or on the be arings only
t o drop off and become lost if an
unwary mechanic fail s to ch eck for
and r emove them. Remember the
order in which they wer e taken off
-it helps.
Remember, too , the proper con-
ne ctions between th e field coils and
the brush hold ers. In our sewing ma-
chine motor the fields are easily
connected to the brush holders by
m eans of a spring which fits in pl ace
over each holder. In fact, this con-
nection is so simple t o make that to
err is easy. If you make this mis-
take you will put your newly over-
hauled universal motor back to-
gether only to find th at you have
rever sed its direction of rotation.
Reversing the external connections
of a se ri es connected , universal mo-
tor such as thi s has no effect wh at-
soever. The rule for r eversing this
t yp e of motor is th is: Reverse the
current through either the field coils
or the armature but not both. Com-
paring Figure 14 with Figure 2-A
you ca n see that t he directi on of
curr ent flow would be r evers ed only
in the armature winding s-which of
course cau s es the r eversal of rotation.
WORKING WITH appli ances often re-
quires more patience t han outright
knowledge; a little ingenuity hel ps
though. Th e factory didn' t always
have your workshop in m ind when
t hey designed some of t he ha r dwa re
t hat goes into appliances . They c an
Up t o $30 a day in wages
Up to $75 a week in spare time
Lea rn THJI.; SETT ING. th e hi gh-pay trade whIch n eeds
more men. Learn rIght in rour home .. . In your spare
ti me .. in a few weeks. Compl ete course costs less than
)'0\1 may earn in one day as :'1 tile sette r. Personal
inst ruct ion.
I ', . never expected so much for so li ttl e." If ,
have several jobs." "Am work ing as tHe Iare e (h ad been
laborer ) . . th ank you." " You sent info rmati on about
r our course t hough J did not t ak e adva ntage of i t. Now
I nm sorry to the tune of $380. w e had our ba th room
tl ltd . H I could r ecetve (or u f ew week s wha t the)' r e-
ceived fo r a few d a ys. I would gh'c up my job In. th e
st eel mil L"
I mprove your enrntng power-write tod ay for t ree det aIls.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF TILE SETTI NG
P.O. Box 217, Oakla nd, California
Name _
HURRY ! MAILCOUPON NOWFOR FAST MAIL DELIVERY
- - -:-- - -,
Graysl ake, Illinois
Please send me a compl et e New Burgess
Deluxe Home Elect ric Spra yer. On arri val
I will pay po stman $12.9S plu s small de.
livery cha rge.
D Check here if you enclose $12.95 now.
We pay a ll delivery charges.
It is understood tha t whether I order C.O.D.
or en close remittance you guara ntee sa t is-
fact ion or money back upon return of spra ye ,
within IS days.
------------------
All New Low Priced
ELECTRIC
mil SPRAYER
with Built-in
Motor

Start part time if yoowi sh . We locally train yoo.

wi de proces s . Qui ckl y establish ed . No s ho p
n e e d e d . J ust 2 avera g e j ob s a d a y bring
$8.750.00 NJ::T pr ofi t in ye a r. Employ others

vices . Eas y t erms . Se nd now for FREE boo klets.
Duraclean CO.,8.566 Duraclean Bldg., Deerfleld,lII.
Money Back
Guarantee Com
pletely selfcontained
No extras to buy
J ust plug in and Spray!
City LZ'9ne_ _Sta te _
Add ress'- _
Thts wonderCu J p acket ee nt alns lO t FULL
SIZE p atterns (up to 23" h ig h ) or the
1tg1s: n':,O
bets. Gifts a nd Novelttes you have ever
seen! .rua t t r ace and saw out. You also
"Mak e Mone y Jig Saw lnlt. " A ll t or only $1.00.
Send for t hi s GIFT & NOVELTY PACKET t od ay f
MASTERCRAFT PLANS , Dept. 55B
7 0 4 1 Olcott Avenue Ch ica go 3 1 , lI 11no is
58 WORKBENCH
RUSH COUPON FOR FAST SERVICE
Dept.337, Box 881 , St. Louis . Mo.
Name _
Please se nd me
Street _
FORTY TOWELS
POSITIVE
MONEY-BACK
GUARANTEE
If you' re not t h r illed
with this t r em en d ous
value, r e t u r n the
tow els wi thi n 5 days
a nd we' ll cheerfully
re fund you r money.
Astonishing but true , , , 40 yes FORTY, . . marvelous large, brand
new (NOT seconds) towels in beautiful colors and white , , . only $1.00
(plus 10c for pst g, & hdlg.) or $1. 10 in all, You pay others $1.00 for
SI X same quality unwoven cotton and rayon t owels, but we sell at
world's LOWEST price because we buy by the millions. , , more than
5,000,000 in 1957 al on e! Satisfaction guaranteed or your money cheer-
fully r efunded, but order NOW before offer is cancelled. No C.O.D.'s!
ROOF FRAMING MADE EASY With the New
All Purpose
SWANSON SPEED SQUARE
Made of Cast Aluminum - Rust Proot - l ight
and Strong - Black Numerals - Easy to Read
Non Glare Finish
A simplified preci sion made tool which makes
r oof fl"amini: as a s l'our or st u ds.
Gives the aneIes for all (' U t 8 of raft er e, roof
...A_IC HC_t boa rds, e tc. Only one number (the pit ch num-
fOll'tDGt '111$ be, ') to remember, P i vot the suu ure,
around to number, mark. Ulut ' s all!
All the rafter le ngths, for a ny size build-
ing givcn in the rallcr length booklet
f u rn ished wit h each SQua re. Indispensable
for inside trim work and horne wortcshop.
Is 3/16 in . thick. Use a s a Il'a uge for
ele ctric or h a ndsa w. No carpenter, home
owner or farmer handy man shon ld be
wit hou t this modern tool. Sold on a man-
ey back I:uarantce. No C.O.D. orders to Canada.
Square & Rafter Book Postpaid
"ith. construction folder ._ .._.... 53.25
C.O.O:s ._ _........$3.60 (Send $1.00 Deposit with Orders.l
Extra KaRer Length Books can be Ordered if Neeffed SOc
SWANSON TOOL 9113 S. 53rd Ave., Oak Lawn, III.
I
I
I
I
I packages of To wel s.
I I enclose $, _
I....
I
I
I
I
I City State _
L
NEXT: PART VIII, THE USE OF
SYNCHRONOUS AND INDUCTION
MOTORS IN APPLIANCES.
pick the most inaccessible places to
put a nut or us e a hidden means of
fastening parts that would give Sher-
lock Holm es a fit . Sometimes you
will have t o m a ke a pa rt or impro-
vise t o m ake up for the la xity of
so me predecess or who m ay have
wor ked on t he a ppliance. Oh well,
who else but a Workben ch er would
think of holding a nut in pl ace with
his t ongue whil e he held the motor
with one hand and tri ed t o position
a through bolt with the other?
Be on t he look out for lubrication
points. You m ay have to disassemble
the motor pa rti ally to do a good
jo b. In our sewing m achine motor,
however, each bear ing has a felt
pad or wic k next to it. A small hole
in each end of the end frames al-
lows oil t o be dropped into the felt
which in turn keeps the bearing lu-
bricated. Avoid over oiling. Oil de-
teriorates insulation and causes com-
muta ti on trou bl es.
In disconnecting a l lfi-volt sewing
machin e motor such as th e one
shown, you end up with two wires
coming out of the 'm otor but no plug.
The r eassem ble d mot or can ea s ily
be tested without installing it on t he
sewing machine or without going to
the trouble of attach ing a regular
plug to the bare ends. Unplug, for
a moment, t he li ttl e woman' s always
steaming coffee pot a t t he bas e. In-
s ert one of the wires into each of
t he hol es and yo u ha ve a safe effi-
ci ent means fo r determining whether
or not you a re as good as you hope
you a r e- a ccor din g t o how well the
m otor operates.
You m ay hea r the t erm " f ract ional
horsepower" us ed in r efer ence to
motors. You wo uld or dinarily sup-
pos e that t his r ef ers to moto rs with
less th an one hor s epower r ating. This
is not 100 per cent true but will be
quite suffi cient for our purposes. We
will not de a l wi t h a ny borderline
cases, our interest being with the
lower r a t ed fract io nal horsepower
m otors in co mmon use in portable
a ppl iances.
For the benefit of our r eaders in
general a nd s t uden ts of history in
particular we will cl ose with this
t hought : It has been sa id that owing
t o the extr emity of their circum-
st a nces Mr s. Da venport allowed her
husband t o t ear her wedding dress
in to strips t o use as insulation for
one of his mo to rs. Thi s m arked
woman's last co n tri bu ti on to this
area-from then on it has been man
who has been const a ntl y losing his
shirt in order t o buy her the work-
s a ving d e sc e nd ants of this con-
founded contraption.
AMERICA'S LARGEST Wholesale Supply! Furni-
ture, clot hing, appliances, housewares, sporti ng
goods, automobiles and accessories, farm equipment,
tool s. hobby, homeworkers supplies. Free detail s.
Associated Wholesalers. Box 52-W. Burlingcon. Ia.
MAKE 2 5 50 WEEK. cli ppi ng newspaper items
for publi shers. Some clippings wonh 5. 00 each.
Particulars free . Nati onal. 81- PH. Kni cker bocker
Stati on . New York.
BUY WHOLESALE! 25. 000 Nati onall y Advertised
Product s. Get Amazing Dea ler Catalogs. Complete
Details Free. Ameri can Wholesaler s. 1841-L LeVce.
Dallas 7. Tex as.
GRO\'{' A living Miniature Forest or orc hard (only
inches high ) , chat bears tasty tiny fruit at home.
Learn amazing Dwarfing secrets! Fascinating hobby.
Pr ofitable Home -Business Opportuni ty. Free Seeds
and Plan. ( State your age ) Miniature Nurseries .
Dept. MY . Gardena. Calif.
NEW PLASTIC Fibergl as Pr ocess opens up Big
Opportunities for Home Operators. New Manual
shows how to embed real fl owers. butterflies. ph otos,
adverr isin g specialtie s in clear liquid plastic and sell
at big pr ofits. Send 25 c. Castol ite, Dept. EO-I09.
Woodstock . Ill.

. Workbench

The cha r rre for classified advertisements is 70 cents a word payable in advance by check.
ca sh or money order. All elassified set solid. without display. lea ded. or blank space. All copy
subj ect to publi sher's approval. For clarity. please type or print your copy. Be sure that check.
currency or money order accompanies copy. \Vhen f igu r in g' the number DC words be to
include name and address . For example: W. C. Jones , 15 three words. Send your copy in at
once. Closing date for classified advertisi ng is the first of the second month preceding publication.
Minimum 10 words.
MEN-WOMEN! Start Money-Making Plast ic Lam-
inating Business at home in spare time. Marer ial that
com II c brings back 52 . 58. No canvass ing or seil-
ing but mail orde rs bring in $20 a day. Write for
full particulars FREE, Rush name on postcard to
W arner. Room CL-6E, 1512 Jarvi s. 26 . III.
GROW EXPENSIVE herbs for us! Big pr ofits
home-bu sine ss of your own, Year around pr ofitunit y!
\'('e supply everything necessary! Send for free rare
seeds and revealing plan. ( Scate your age ) Nat ional
Herb Exchange. Dept, MY . Gardena. Calif.
AGENTS AND SALESMEN
BEAUTIFUL Feather Pictures! Free Details. Sample
20 c Stamps. Apar rado 1668. Mexico I. D.F.
EASY HA DWORK makes fast-selling useful
art icles. Sample free . Sun made Company. Br ock-
ton 64. Mass,
FREE SAMPLE! Beautiful Feather Pictures. Sylvi aw,
Apar tado 9036. Mexi co I . D. F.
ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS
BIG PROFITS. Make fast-seller chenille holiday
fl owers. monkey trees. dolls . Kits , materi als. Litera-
ture free . Vel va. Bohemia 19 . N. Y.
PRESERVE FLOWERS Indefinitely. Ple asant . Pr of
itable . Eight tested methods. Arr crafrs, lOSt. John
Road . St. Andrews. N . B. Canada.
CASH FROM W ood Fibre-New "Business at
Home " success formul a booklet with \,{,hole sale
Catal og. 50c-Featurin g Rarnonr ' s Wood Fibre.
complete line Flower Supplies. Buy Direct. Fl or al-
ccaft Industries-Box 26. Prince Street Station.
New York 12. New York.
WOOD FIBRE For Artifici al Flowers 22 Y.z c pack
in quantities. Lowest prices on fiber . leaves and
chenille. Free price li st. Flowercrafr , Box 3862P.
Seaule, Washingt on.
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
MAIL ORDER-adverti sing agency executive reveals
sensatio nal no-r isk advertising and merchandise
methods. Stan in off ice or home-minimum capi-
tal- positive pr ofit s. Free details; Impact ! 3407
Prospect. Dept. 436. Clevel and 15, Ohi o.
570 W EEKLY-home. spare time . Simplified. mail
bookkeeping. Immedi ate income--easy! Auditax,
34757R. Los An gele s 34.
MONEYMAKING OPPORTUNITIES Gal ore! Free
Copy. Poou lar Mechani cs Cla ssif ied. 645 North St.
Clair. Chi cago II.
PLASTERCRAFT MOLDS, liquid rubber. plasters.
fl ocks. candle supplies. Catalog and ma nual free,
Bl ue Rapids Supply. 505 Main. Blue Rapids.
Kansas.
510 PROFIT IN an Hour possible with the "Magic
\'{'on der Method" of Invi sible Reweaving. Ideal
home busine ss. steady year 'round demand. Details
Free. IRI 84 I I-H La Mesa llIvd.. La Mesa. Calif.
HOME-IMPORT Mail Order Busine ss-Import prof.
itab le items below whol esale. Exper ience and product
investment unnece ssary. Full , spare time . Famous
world trader guides you. Free list "157 imports",
details, Mellinger. P94 5. Los Angeles 24.
LEARN PHOTONEGATIVE ( Port rait) ret ouch-
ing. Men. Women. 5 hour possible spare or full
time at home. Easy. gl amorous. Work for Photog-
raphers by mail order. Full deta ils sent Free. Duval.
10 0 So. Vermont . Los Angeles 4.
AGED HOMEWORKER nets 100 weekly! Free
Plan " Secret Journal Hidden Doll ar s." \'{'ork home!
Publi co-FY2, Ocean side . Calif.
MAKE NEW Greaseless Doughnuts in kitchen.
Sell stores, Free recipes. Alf red Ra y. 360 5 South
15 th. Minneapoli s 7. Minn.
5250.00 WEEK spa re time prof it possible. Earn
at home with new fascinating Printing method. S5
star ts you-send no money now. Free Confide ntial
Fact s and Val uab le Samples. Screen-Pr im, MY. Los
An gele s 61.
RUBBER FOR J\IOLDS. Extra Thi ck. Free Sample.
W. Woole y. I01 6-P Don ald. Peori a. III.
" 50 NEW HOME-BUSINESS Idea s" Booklet.
sample Free. Spray exotic Velvet -Suede on any-
thing. Flockcran- M'Y, Los Angele s 61.
53 .00 HOUR. Making, fittin g. Comfort Sandal s.
Youn gs, 130 8 PH South First. Ar cad ia. Calif.
MAKE FLEXIBLE mold s. COSt plaques. figurines.
Free sample. Tooker . 104 5 H Fairview. Hamilton .
Ohi o.
GROW ORCHIDS at home. Pr ofit able. fascinating,
Successful home grower expl ains speci al light, tem-
perature and humidity cond it ions orchids need. Free
-full deta ils. Orchids, 100 S. Vermont . Los Angele s 4.
WANT TO Make Big Money At Home? 510.00
pr ofit in an hour possibl e with Invi sible Men ding.
Make tears . holes di sappear fr om clothing. fabri cs,
Steady year -tround demand from cleaners, laundries .
home s. Det ail s Free , Fabri con , 6 258 Broadway .
Ch icago 40. III.
REBUILD BATTERIES. Repair Doll s; Make Rubber
Stamps. Cat alogue " 75 Ideas" Free. Uni versal. Box
1076-P . Peori a. III.
LIQUID RUBBER-Make flexible mold s. Free
Sample. Chaney. 19 07 D East Road . J ackson ville
I I . Fla.
ANYONE CAN Sell famous Hoover Uniforms for
beauty shops. waitresses, nurses. doctors, Others. All
popular miracle fabrics-nylon, daccon. Exclusi ve
styles, rop quality. Big cash income now, real future.
Equipment free. Hoover. Dept . E-II 2. New Yor k
II. New York.
53 65200 WE EKLY pl atin g baby shoes. mak ing
jewelry. novelties. et c. at home . Detail s free . JO-
CA Electr oplarer, 784 0C Northwest Sixth Court,
Mi ami 50. Fla.
FREE PLAN tell s how to start sparetime cash home
business sharpening saws by machine. Barrett' F.
Foley Co. Columbia Hei ght s. Min n.
START BIG-PAY Busines s at Home in spare time.
N o experience needed to operate little table-top ma-
chi ne for bron zin g baby shoes . Make 5.46 profit
on every pair. Full particulars Free. Send postcard
to Mason , 151 2 .Iarv is, Room CM- 6-E. Chicago 26.
Illinois.
CASH PAID for local infor matio n! \'{'ork home-
an vwh ere-c-cirv, rural. \'qe instruct. Publi shers, Box
l l -KA , Unio n Cit y. New Jersey.
CAMERAS AND PHOTOGRAPHIC SUPPLIES
FREE ! FREE ! Send for your new 52 page Photo-
graphic Bargain Book. Over 5.000 new and used
Items at huge savi ngs. For your Free Bargain Book,
write to Dept. 85. Centra l Camera Co. 230 So.
Wabash. Ch icago 4 . Ill ,
CONTESTS
WIN CONTEST Mone y. General Con test Bull etin
gives hundreds of ti ps. Lists current contests,
rules. Sample 25c. General Contes ts. 1609 East
5th. Dept . 343 . Duluth, Minn .
CRAZY BOOK TITLES
EMBALMING can be fun . Raisin z chi ldre n for
prof it. 8 others. Free literature. Lynch. 40212 Haz -
lett . Baltimore 29. Md.
DECALS
DECAL CUTOUTS. The newest thing in reusable
decal s. Children ' s Kit chen. Bath . Den. Send 10c
for illu str ated catalog . Au thentic Decal s. Box 335,
Milford. Mi ch.
DOLLS
EARTHWORMS
BIG PROFITS Raising earthworm s. Free inforrn a-
tion. Lund's Earthworms. Ol athe. Kansas.
FREE PICTURE Fold er. " Ho w to Make 3.000
Yearl y Sparer irne , Backyard. Raising Earthworms!"
Oakh aven 27 . Ced ar Hill . Texas.
FREE LIST : Earthworm Raising book s and manual s;
in str uct ion fold er . Earl Shields. Box 358-P. Moun-
tain Home, Ar k.
AFRI CAN GIANT Re d wo r m s, 100 - 2.00.
( Deal ers qu oted ) . Ozark \,' orm Farm-B. Will ow
Spri nEts. Mo.
FIGURINES
GUNS
WOODCARVING. GUNSTOCKS. Miniature ani-
mals. fi cur ines. He-mania Anslinger, 32 0 South
Ralph. Spokane. W ash.
HANDICRAFT SUPPLI ES
560.00 \'{'EEKLY. sparetime-easy! Home Venetian
llIi nd Laundry, Free Book. Bum. 2434FO Wichita
13. Kan sas.
FREE FOLlO " 55.000- 45.000; Unlimited Vaca-
t ions. " No merchandise. Work home! Haylings-
PH2. Carl sbad. Calif.
ART METAL Tooli ng. Enjoyable profitable hobby.
Big illustrated catalog 10c. Groundmasrer, Boul der.
Colo.
60 W O RK BENCH
W orkbench
H a n d c r a f t Bldg.
K ans a s Ci ty 11, Mo.
Enclosed find S .. .for. . . . . . . months' insertion of the f oll owing
adv erti s ement in the classified columns of WORKBENCH, a t 70c per
word per month (including n ame a n d address) . Minimum 10 words .
LEATHERCRAFT , ENAMELING, Mosai cs, Shell
craft, Metal Tool ing, man y mot e crafts. Free big
illustrated cataJog. Ki t Kr aft , 185, Stud io Ci ty. Calif.
HELP WANTED
HOM EWORKERS: Assemble han dlaced precut moe-
casins aod handbags, Good earni ngs. Californi a
Handicraf ts, Dept . 3, Los An gel es 46, Calif,
HOME CRAFTSMEN
W OODWORKING and Cabinetmaki ng course for
begi oni ng and advanced home craftsmen. Only
complete low-cost home training program available.
Write for free booklet, Int erstate Training Service ,
Dept, G 7, Portland 13, Oregon.
4 2 FULL SIZE Ant iqu e, Co lonial and Mode rn shelf
patt erns. All for 51. 00, Masrer cr afr, 515 B, 704 1
Olcott, Chicago 31. Ill.
FREE CATALOG. 2 150 Arri sr-drawn Patterns , De-
signs, Cr aftplans, 1322 F Wabash, Chica go 5.
ACTION TOYS. 15 Fu ll- size patterns, comp lete
instructi on s, 51.00. Baron Creat ions, 22 I Rose-
wood Terrace, Buffalo 2 5, New York.
VIOLIN MAKING supp lies. Free catal og. F. H.
Artindale, Box 7 1992 , Los Angeles 1. Ca lif.
LEARN PLASTI CS Fabri cati on For spare time in-
come . Low COSt home training now available. Wri te
for free boo klet. I nterstate Trai ni ng Servi ce, Dept .
D-7, Portland 13, Oregon.
30 BIRD house and feeder patte rn s iot Marti ns,
\'"rens , et c. Onl y 51.00. Mastercraft , 516B, 704 I
Olc ott , Ch icago 3 I , Ill.
LEARN ART Meralcra ft and jewelry maki ng.
Complete, inexpensive. home training course now
available. Speci al too ls and mate ri als furni shed .
\"(f rire for free bookl et. Interstate Training Service ,
Dept. L7 , Portland 13. Or egon .
JI G SAW PATTERNS. Full size. Free deta ils.
Barebo, O'Fa llon 35, Mo.
JEWELRY AND FINDINGS
COSTUME JEWELRY Supp lie s. Sett ings, Rhi ne-
stones , etc, 88 page illustr ated catalog. 25c, Milady,
Box 132 8, G. P.O.. N .Y .C. ( 1),
COSTUME JEWELRY sett ings, fin dings, rh ine-
stones, pearls. Rhinestone ea rri ng kit and caralozue
50c . Illusrraeed catalog I Oc. Hom-Art ' '''B, Box
403 5, Hammond , In d.
MAKE BI G Easy Pr ofit s maki ng COStume jewelr y
at home in spare time! Qu ick. easy to make: easier
to sell! Det ail s Free! Don -Bar, 35 11 W . Armitage ,
Dept, E-2 72 , Chicaco 47, Il l.
QUALITY FIN DINGS: Also Emblems, Medall ions,
Cro sses, Stars, Bi g Lin e-low price s-I 00 % saris-
factio n Guar ant eed. ' ''' hol esa!e Catalog, I Oc refund-
fu nda ble, Carada y, Dept. WB-5-8, Box 22, West
Hempstead, New York.
LYNDA JEWELRY KITS. Money Back Guarante e,
Calla Lil y Jewelry. Qualit y Rhi nestones. Pearl s, Se-
qui ns, Beads, Corks, Pins, Sertj ngs, Ca talog 25c.
Shellcraft Supplies Ca talog 15c. SpeCIal : 2 Complete
Rh ineston e Ki ts 5 1.0 0 . Shell KIl , # S3, Complete
for 16 She ll Jewelr y It ems, Reg. 4.98- Special
53. 98. P.O. Box 10 20 4, Ta mpa , fl ori da.
LEATHERCRAFT
LEATHERCRAFT. IMPORTED a n d d om e sti c
leather, kits . Co mp lete catal og. 25c refun dabl e.
Midas, Box 12 55, Dept . M8. Hunt ington Park, Cali f.
SKI LCRAFTS 195 8 Cat al og. W orld' s f inest Leath-
ercraft, Art & Craft Supplies. Free Billfol d or Pu rse
Kit wit h first purch ase. Send 25c (refunded with
fir st order) Skil- Crafts, Box 167 , Jo plin, Mo.
FREE " Do-It -Yo urself" Learhercraft Catal og. Tandv
Leather Com pany, Box 79 1-124 , Fort Worth, Texas,
MAKE IT YOURSELF
BUILD YOUR Own Plane! Complete plans, insrruc-
[ions 1.00. Flyin g cou rse included! ABC Pub lica-
tio ns, Box 84 9 , San Fr anci sco I AO, Cali f.
" EVERYBODY LIKES CANDY," Learn to make
professionall y home. ( Our 47 th year) . Ragsdale
Ca nd ies, LBI07, East Or ange, New Je rsey.
MAKE MOBILES Newest Art Form. Pro fession all y
designed pattern. Complete instructi ons S1. 00. Bi g
New Field , BoFam Studios, 62 30 23 rd Terrace
N .. St . Petersburg, Fla.
MISCELLANEOUS
MUSIC, MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
REED ORGAN Owners comp lete details, opera-
tional sketches for overhauli ng, cleaning. tuning old
parl or orga ns , 52. 00. J. Purdon , Lisbon , N. Oak.
SWISS MUSICAL Movemen ts 52.50. Electrica l
5 5.50. Spielman, 13 I WeSt 4 2nd, New Yor k 36.
OF INTEREST TO WOMEN
LEARN PROFESSIONAL cake decorati ng. Details
free . Deco-Secrets. Ven ice 5, Calif .
SEW APRON S in you r home profi tably. W ri:
Adco, Bastr op, La.
FRE E PATTERNS Elep hant and Mon key doll s.
Write N el son Knitting Co., Rockford , 111.
51.00- RECE IVE MO NTH Fad-Kit . Beatr ice, 471 4
Garnier, Montreal , Canada.
MAKE $2 5 $50 W EEK, clipping newspaper items
for pu blishers. Some clip pi ngs worth 55 .00 eac h.
Parti cul ars free. Nati on al , 8 1-PH, Kn ickerb ocker
Station , New York.
5200. MONTHLY POSSIBLE, Sewi ng Bab vwear !
N o hou se sell ing ! Send stamped, add ressed env el ope .
Cu ries, Wa rsaw 4. Indiana.
MAKE MON EY at Home Assemb li ng ou r items.
No rools, sewi ng or exper ience necessary. Lee Mf g. ,
Dept . 6, 8507 -W 3rd, Los Angele s 48, Calif.
BUY WHOLESALE! Di scount s to 80 % ! Gi fts , Ap-
plia nces, Housewares, Tools, \'V' atches, etc. Midwest,
BW-156. Ponti ac, Il l.
OLD GOLD & JEWELRY WANTED
HIGHEST CASH for Old Gol d, Broken Jewelry ,
Gol d Teeth, Watche s, Diamonds, Silverwar e. Spec-
tacles. Free information. Rose Refiners, Heyworth
Bldg. , Chi cago 2, III.
PARTY PLANNING, FAVORS
MAKE YOUR Own Part y Favors or Easter Nov.
elties, Complete kits with styrofoam. Instructions. and
Patterns S1 each, or send lOc for catalog ue and
information on how to get started in the party favor
busi ness. Foam Fantasy Compa ny, 14 15 Ease Gen-
esee, Sagi naw. Mi ch.
PATENTS, INVENTIONS
INVENTORS: Learn how to protect your inventi on.
"Patent Guide " conrai nng detaile d inf ormat h n con-
cer rri ng patent protection and procedure toget her
wi th " Record of In vent ion" form wil l be forwarded
upon request-wi thout obli gation. \V/e are regi stered
!O practice bef ore t he U. S. Patent Office and pre-
pared to serve you in handl ing your patent matters.
Cla re nce A. O' Brien & Har vey Jacobson. Regisrered
Pacem Arrorn evs. 85-E Distr ict Nationa l Buildi ng,
Wash ingtOn, D. C.
INVENTORS-Thi s fir m is registered to pr actic e
before the United Stares Pat ent Off ice and availa ble
to assist you in the preparation and prosecution of
your patent application. " Parent Protectio n for
Inventors" booklet comaining detai led information
and steps to take towa rd patent protecti on sent
promptl y upon request. No obligatio n. Vic tor J.
Evans & Co.. 40 2-E Merl in Build ing, ' ''' ashingtOn
6, D. C.
INVENTION S WANTE D immediately for pro-
moti ng on cash or royalty. Patented, unpa tented.
Free booklet outli nes royalt y rates, requirement s.
Write Kessler Corp or ati on, 195- 1\"' , Premo nt , Ohio.
INVENTOR S-If you believe you have an inve n-
t!on , you sho uld find our how to prorec r it . The
firm of McMor r ow, Berman & Davidson wirh of.
fices in Wash ington, D. C.; is qu ali fied to take
the necessar y steps for you. Send for copy of our
Patent .Boo klet "Ho w to Protect Your Inven tion."
We wJ11 also send you an " I nventioo Record"
form . No obligat ion. They are yours for th e aski ng,
Me.Morrow, Berman & Davidson . Registered Patent
366-R, Vi ctor Building, WashingtOn I ,
PLASTICS
NEW LIQUID Cas ti ng Plast ic, clear, co lors. Embed
real flowers, COins, ph oto s. New Manu al shows
fine things you can make at home and sell at
big profi t, Send 25 c. Casrolire , De pt . E-I09,
Woodstock, Ill.
RUGS
EASY COMPLETE Rug In str uct ion s need les and
samples, Kit 51.00. Mrs. Therese Box 183,
Haverstraw, New York.
SHELLCRAFT
LARGEST W HOLESALE Shell craft supplier i n [he
East . Send 25c for latest illustr ated insrrucrion book
cata logue. Large Shell-Art Jewelr y Kit 52 .25 pp .
Shell -Art Novelty Compan y, 2 29 S_ 9th Street
Ph ilade lp hia 7, Penna. '
SEASHELLS. SHELLCRAFT and Jewelry Supplies.
Ill ustr at ed Cata log 25c. refunded on fir st order
Florida Supply House, Box 847H, Br ade nt on , Fla:
Our 24t h Year .
ILLUSTR AT ED Catal og Suppl ies and Basic In -
structi ons. 1Oc, Wh olesale Pri ces, Caribbean, Dept.
3A, Box 311, Sar asota, Fla.
SHELLCRAFT SUPPLIES, Highest quality, lowest
prices. Lar ge Catal ogue Free . Pace ' s, Box 279,
Braden ton 6. Fla.
MAKE FAMOUS Florida Shelf-Capri Jewelr y. Send
25c for sample pai r of earri ngs and wh ol esale cat-
alog. Flori da Cra fts , 56 32 N _ Skyway, S,- Pete rsburg,
Florida.
SHELLCRAFT PRICE List and I nst ructions Free.
Complete Beginn ers-Kit 1. 49. Earring Kits , 49c
or 3 for 51.00. Allied Cra ft, 21 McKi m St " I ndian-
apol is. Indiana.
STAMPS
225 STAMPS only I Oc with ap proval s. Myst ic,
Camden 22 , N Y.
100 OLD U. S. stamps between 1861 and 193 5
only S1.00. Roush Stamp Co ., 5 1 Chestn ut, Ma ns-
field . Ohi o.
100 OLD U.S. Stamos 51. 00. HiFi Stamps, 974
Averill , Mansfield , Oh io.
" GIGANTIC COLLECTION Free! " - Incl udes Tri
angles-Earlv United States-AnimaJs-Commem
orarives-e-Br iri sh Colon ies-High Value Pictorial s.
et c. Complete collect ion plus Big l llusrrared Mag.
azine all free. Send 5c for posta ge . Gray Stamp Co. ,
Dept . PH , Toron to, Ca nada.
WOODWORKING
MAKE 546 From Square Foot Pl ywood;
necessary. Free Informati on. Woodarts C-7. Br idge-
water, Mass.
GEN UINE STUFFED alligators 24" 53.00- 30 "
3.5 0. Speci al 15" alli gato r, bus hy fox tail , raccoon
tail, wit h sur pr ise gif< 53. 00 post paid. Live baby
alligators 3.50, Koy' s, Box 7 12, Logan saort , La.
YOU CAN Entertain Wi th Cha lk Talks. Catalog
10c. J ohn Balda, Trick Cartoonist. Oshkosh, ' Visco
MOLDS
MAKE FLEXIBLE mo lds, Cast plaq ues, figurines.
Free sample. Tooker , 10 45-P Fairview, Hamilton,
Ohio.
BI G SUR PRISE, Liquid rubber less than wholesale.
Particulars IOc. ' '''estern Chemical, Salem, Ore gon .
NAME
ADDRESS
CITY __ ZONE STATE
MAYJUNE, 1958 61
This Might Help
--ADD THESE FEATURES--
TO YOUR CEMENT MIX
ANTIHYDRO QUARTS ARE DESIGNED
FOR THE HOMEOWNER
Use AntiHydro t o: repair sidewalks and drive-
ways; set poles and posts; build patio s; build
f i replaces; lay br ick and block ; patch leaks; reo
pai r cracks; patch holes; repair precast products;
bui ld ponds and pools; repair stucco; bond con-
crete; protect against cold weather ; produce
durable concrete.
ANTI-HYDRO HAS BEEN U SED FOR OVER
50 YEARS BY CO N T RACT ORS A ND M AS ONS
TO MAKE CON CRETE H ARD AND DURA BLE.
Cement Makes Lock Washer
When you need a lock washer and
none of the required size is at hand,
just coat both sides of an ordinary
flat washer with sandpaper disk
cement. This tacky substance is
easily applied if the washer is first
warmed and then rubbed against
the stick of adhesive. In use, the
washer will firmly grip the su rface
against which it is used, as well as
the adjoining nut which is to be
prevented from turning.
Ken Murray
and use the one beneath it. This will
save time in renewing the disk. In
addition, when only the edges of the
top disk wear out you can still have
the benefit of a complete disk by
trimming off t he worn edges so that
the second disk can get into action.
Glen F. Stillwell
Screw-eye T-handle
Turning screw eyes in or out will
be easy with this T-ha ndle which
you can easily make. It consists of
a 4-inch length of %" or 1" aluminum
tubing and a large nail. A two-inch
section of this tubing is partially
flatt ened between the jaws of a vise
to fit over the screws. A hole is
drilled in t he opposite end to take
t he nail that will be us ed as a sliding
handle.-A. R . Tanner
Sanding Time Saver
For Handsawi ng Thin Material
To prevent a handsaw from bind-
ing wh en sawing thin material such
as plywood or fiberboard, place a
large clamp type paper clip over the
cut as shown in the photograph.
Although a clamp paper clip can
be slipped on and off more easily, a
C-clamp will serve the purpose if no
paper clip is at hand. Be sure to pad
the C-clamp with wood scrap to pre-
vent marring the work.
John A. Comstock
In sanding with your drill motor,
much time can often be saved in re-
newing the sanding disks by instal-
ling the disks in pairs. Instead of
fastening a single disk on the rubber
pad, install them in pairs. When the
top disk becomes worn, tear it off
You Can Carve
REDBIRD No. 106 Shown
BLUEBIRD No. 107
UCARVIT KITS
$1. 00 EACH P.P.
Other Subjects Available
BERNARD BLAKE, Rt. I, Box egA, Punt a Gorda, Fl a.
AftlDTONE i" a co lorful new dry powder masonry p a int
which contains dehydrated Ant l- Hvdro, AR IDTONE,
w h e n mtxed with water and a p p li e d w i t h hrU!lh o r
i pray produces la s ti ng dampness prote ction an d a s t ro ng

50 lb , pall ll and 10 Ih . ca ns.
Fo r d escr ipt ivp material and Information o n
Ant j.Hydro and Ar id to ne , write;
ANTIHYDRO WATERPROOFING CO.
265 Bad g er Avenue Dep t . 1 00 New ar k 8. N . J .
CONT AINS ANTI-HYDRO
DOES 3 JOBS IN I OPERATION
1. GUARDS AGAINST WATER
2 . ADOS NEW COLOR A H D BEAUTY
3 . PROTECTS SURFACES LONG ER
WANTED FOR CASHI
Old, discarded, out of print Old
Books, Magazines, Catalogs!
UP TO 10.000 DIFFERENT TITLES
WANTED WEEKLY !
Almost a ha lf million titles per vea r a re wa nted for
xor ra re. ha rd to fi nd t itl es but man}' a re
retettvelr commo n titles . some publfshed (he }C3 f S ago.
Hel l' fill t his terr trt c demand tor ulrl books, ma ga-
zines ca tatogs tor 10:0011 cold cas h money! w ork
part tune-choose your own ti me. Fasctnat ln g work.
xten dv rear 'ro und dema nd tor 52 weeks out of the
' (:H. Frt' f' information on how t o st ar t
Book Hunter, Box 591X, Lyiln, Mass.
\lav!. rUN " WAlE \.fOtffY lIi..(, lh... _ uif\(
t4[\I UNUSUAl 6in, l_ r...-. .... Atli-"
'"'pe.... Doo.. M.,.lo,e,., PlaqUll\ Wall

,.ire LJ/6 NOW'
TRANS PLANS, Dept. P36
2 9 Hotl y st.
62 It WORKBENCH
SEND
2Sc ior
Ll l ust r -ate d t n a u-u c t ton
and idea c a t a r o z .
Proflt ah le - artistic
h obby for you!
SOC brings
you t he Booklet
In R' over 200 P att e-rns
a n u the catalog FHEE.
Count er Tops
Wall Plaques
Mirrors
Window Sil ls
Many Other
Pro ject s
MAD E OF M ET AL
n o m e appli-
ances. A u t o
n nr- t s . Farm-
c a r de n equip-
ment . toys.
Ma ke and r-e-

chairs .
t al Ir o n work. sre t ee, wn-
Kans. e t c. So ld e r. heat, bend and s traighten with t.:>rrlttc
h eat fr om a rc t orch. Cut a nd weld u p t o 1/4 " s t e e r p late . A
milli on f or Home. auto . fa r m tnventore, ra ct o r-tc e . etc.
w or-ks fr om any home 110 vo lt nrue-tn. Complete with dark
w e td e r -s mnsk , a rc torch . su pph' of we lding a nd bra zing
rods . So lde r. fl u x. a nd comp lete j nstr-uct tou Book.
Attr a ('t1ve-portahle_ efrt cl >nt . 1 wr, 8 Ib s .
SEND ONLY $3.00
$ 9 . 9 5 plll !'i $1 . :)0 Jl!'ltg . fo r P . P n ld Dt lIvery. I d l.'nl stl rt f or
rn ech nnt cntf y mlndNt h o m e ownera, r etar t v e s . fr ie nd s .
Orf!l' r now f or (' ariy c1.. Hvor-v , Ava t t ntst o on!v fr om :
M I DWAY W ELDER D e p t . DW 6 , K e a rney , N e braSk a.
NEW 1958 CATALOC READY, i ncludes lisrings
lapi dar y supplies. jewelry fi ndi ngs. r ing mo untings.
synthe t ics, cut gems 40c Up . ear ri ng mou ntings.
penda nt moun tin gs. bracel et mou nti ngs. roug h gcms
and man y ocher items. Send 50c for cata log.
Or" Ol fice and Sh ow Room Open , Monday th rough
Sat u rday, from 1:00 10 6 :00 P.M.
TECHNICRAFT LAPIDARIES CORPORATI ON
3560 Broadway Dept. A
LAPIDARY AND JEWELERS SUPPLIES
SILVER SUPPLIES-RING MOUNTINGS
MODERN MOSAICS
OVER 200 FUll SIZE PAT
TERNS and DESIGN IDEAS:
Tables
Lamp Bases
Piuure
Frames
Book Ends
Flower Boxes
I
r nm le or g lass liles into
p r a cti cal a nd b e a u ti ful
mosaic d e sig n s .
WONDERPASTE
A Div is io n o f I m m e r ma n & Sons
Dep t. M-49 2185 E. 14th Cle veland IS, Ohio
CABINETMAKING
Low Cost Home Craft
_
ym //c
I ' '. . . Course Now Available
- , ,"%- M ake money. Beco m e a skilled
...-..-4a wo odworke r. I n t e r s t a t e ' s new
w oodworki n g course t ell s and
shows how to t urn out hundred s of profess ionall y
co nstructed a nd fi nish ed wood p rojects with h and
and power t ools. Twent y-t wo prof usel y illust r a t ed
m anuals. Over 1,000 pag es. O ver 75 p rojects.
Written by ex pert instruct o rs . The
only co mplete course a vaila ble t o...
d ay! Get full infor m a t ion without

SCHOOL OF WOODWORKING
DEPT. F-' . PORTLAND 13, OREGON
Wonde r-Paste t urn s pai nt,
varn ish, ename l, etc., to a
soft sludge that ' s easy to reo
move. Clings to uprig ht sur-
faces. Excelle nt indoo rs or
out. At pai nt and hardwar e
stores.
Send for ill us t rated Manual on Refinishing.
Or wr ite for free Wonder-Paste folder .
Wilsonlmperla l Co., 124 Chestnut St ., Newark 5, N. J.
For Firmer Screening
In or der t o prevent sc reen wir e
f rom being t orn loos e a round the
s taples, try this : Rei nfor ce the hold-
ing power of the staples by installi ng
a le ngth of stove or baling wi re under
the s taples as shown in the sketch .
If desi r ed, screen molding may be
nail ed over t his to im pr ove the a p-
pearance and add more strengt h .
N. M . Pittman
Clay Salves Problems
Childr en' s modeling clay has many
us es a ro und the workshop. Use it t o
hold a nail on , a hamm er when driv-
ing it in a h ard t o r each pla ce, a s
sandpape r backing when sanding
moldings . This will " mold" the sand-
pa per to f it t he ex act contou r of the
molding. St ick a pi ece of cl ay over
t he keen edges of chisels or other
sharp tools t o pr ot ect the edges when
the t ools are not in use. Use the
cl ay t o hold small parts whe n solder-
in g. A pi ece of cl ay put on the end
of a dowel will r emove shavings
from blind hol es fr eshly drilled . Ob-
viously there are m any other uses .
J ohn A. Comstock
- h


_

- -_.__._---- - - -
A fl a th ead wood screw that has
a t endency to wo rk loos e ca n be
a nchored fast in woo d by dr iv ing two
small wi r e na ils in so th at they en-
gage t he ope n ends of the screw-
dr iver slot . Drive in t he nails a t a n
angl e as shown in t he drawing a nd
pound th e n a ilh e ad s d own fla t
against the hea d of the screw. This
anchors the screw permanen tl y .
John A . Comstock
Nails Anchor Wood
..
Sylvia's De signs
in full color $ 1. 00 ea ch
with instr uctions
" De cora t or fo r Ch ina "
$3 .00
Send for FREE Cata log
Deal er Inquir ies Invit ed
SYLVIA'S CHINA STUDIO,
Dept . PH
Box 463, Klamat h Fall s, Ore.
Los Angeles 49, Calif. J .r."
F or an Intere s ti ng a nd Pro rlt ahl e lI ohh, ",
make and sell Jig Sawed Toys, Nove l -
ti e s . a nd Or nam ent s .
To a cquai nt yo u wi t h our many J I2' Saw
P atterns . w e wi ll you 1 30 OF
OUR M OST POPULAR FULL S i ZE P A T
T E R NS . with easy t o rotj ow t narrucrtons
for ONLY $ 1 . 0 0 POSTPA I D ,
S. LYNDS _ PA TTE RN S
71D Pa.rk Ave. Nat i c k , Man achusetts
Free toWRITERS
seeking a book publisher
Two f a ct-filled, illust r ated brochures tell how
to publi sh yo u r book. get 40 % royalties, na-
tional advertis in g. public ity and promotion.
Free ed itorial appraisal. Write Dept. W5
Exposition Press / 386 4th Ave., N.Y. 16
PRECISION CUT F R EE
AND MITERED DELIVERY
NAIL IN U.S.A.
&liD
21 size s ;" MODERN RAW OAK
- o " d WORMY CHESTNUT MOLDINGS
- & .. ..fo r deta il s and price s
CHESAPEA KE PICTURE FRAME CO., Dept. WB
P. 0 80 > 533 8a lt imore 3, Ma ry la nd
Pays upto$10 inan Houri

rtea . eraft pays ext r a spar e..

FABRI CON, 6238 Broadway
DEPT. 11 S, - CHICAGO 40. ILLINOIS
Earn ex tra money a t home wea vi ng rugs,
ca r pe t s , etc. f rom old r a gs or new yarns , fo r
people in your community! No exper ience
n e ces sary. Thousan ds d oing it wit h easy
running $89.50 Union Looms . Send f or our
fr ee booklet t oda y .
CARLCRAFT CO.
BOONVILLE, N. Y.
GOOD MONEY IN WEAVING
THE
65 POST ST.
"J " t'l
CLAMPS
and hold your work
01
Th ese and many
. ot her design s de-
scri bed in l it er a -" _
": of;
big . 3 2 p a g
"H O W . T O

IT"
eat atos, . I

/
ADJUSTABLE CLAMP CO.
the clamp folk. 41.5 N. As hland Chicago 22, III.
MAY J U N E, I 9 S B 63
DONUTS

In
Make n e w g reasel ess donuts
i n kitchen. N o s m o k e. Sell
S t o r es . Half Pro f i t. Ca sh
Dail y. N o exp o nee. FREE
RECIPES. N o obligation.
A. RAY CO.
MINNEAPOLIS 7. MINN.


89 FULL S IZ E p a t t erm c o f h C':m t t ful w s n &:
Cor-n e-r Sh e l ves. B\r d ttousea. Act\on "t OY5 .
Nov elti N' . La w n & An i mal F ig u r e s .
r' uck . GlrJ PLUS d o zens of o t her
easily made thlnJt!/; . .rust t r ac e . cut out &
pai nt! W(' tet t vou How & Where t o sell .
order the J IG SA W P ACKET tod av , On ly $ 1.00.
MASTERCRAFT PLANS. Dept. 548
7 0 4 1 Olcott Ave n ue , CH ICAGO 3 1. I LL IN OiS
3605 SO. 15TH AV E.
MONEY
Starr your own business at home. Cas t plaques,
novelties. figu rines, ash tray s, sraruettes, book
en ds. Make you r own flex ible molds . Also make
garden vases, bird bath s. window boxes. sun
di als, po ttery, etc. W rire today for free sample
and det ai ls.
H. Tooker, 104SF Fairview Ave., Hamilton, Ohio
MAKE RUBBER MOLDS
BOOK MANUSCRIPTS
CONSIDERED
by cooperative publisher who oil er s authors early
pubticatl on, high er royalty, nati onal distri but ion,
and beautifUlly desi gned book s. All subj ect s wel-
comed . Write, or sen d your MS dir ectly .
GREENWICH BOOK PUBLISHERS. INC.
Attn . : Mr. Holland 489 Fifth Ave., N. Y. C.
ftFOREIGN BARGAINS"
Now! Get Foreign Bargains
from all over the world!
Bargai n off ers from Germany. J apa n, Italy, Hong
I( ong. I ndia. etc . etc.
ACT UA L NA MES A ND A DDRESSES!
Compl ete information on HOW t o BUY Direct
from Overs eas. ( It' s Easy!)
Ma ny overseas firm s looking f or represen tatives.
sa lesmen.
Many offer drop shi p items-even complete drop
shi p ill ust rat ed cat alogs 01 for eign products.
Most offers will i ng to sell sa mple uni ts .
Terrific Pr ofi ts in gay exotic it ems : 65c cl ock sells
for $S.OO ! $1.75 wat ch sell s for S7. 95! Oth er ter -
r if ic item s too numerous to mention !
Ou r new paper Is wo r t h It s wei gh t In R'ol d ! Thou-
se nds a rrendv on ou r s u bscr ip tion li st. A tr e-
m endous. C'xcltlng new fi e ld t o op e ra te.
pric e is $3.00 per y e ar . SP ECI AL
TO R\" OFFER. .JUllt 12.00 for one year . (Wh y
pay more ( or courses, books . etc. ?)
"Foreign Bargains," Box 591-R, Lynn, Mass.
AUTHORS WANTED
BY N. Y. PUBLISHER
Typ e P P u m p h a s 1. 0 01 u s e s . a ta tn tess
s h a ft. Won ' t rust or tree 1 / 6 HP
m ot or or ta rsr er . . . 3/,4 HP for up t o 3 000
CPH; 4 !'i0 GPH 80' or 18 0 0 GPH from
2 5' we ll. 1" in le t: 3'4" outlet. Co uo t tnu
in c luded rr ee S 7 .95
He a vy Dut y Ba ll Be a r i ng Pu m p . Up to 7 .500
GPH. I 1/4 " tnr et , 1" ou t 1e t $12.95
Pos t pa id Ie cash wit h o r d e r . Al so o t her s ize s, t ype s.
MONE Y BACK GUARAN T EE
LABAWCO PUMPS. Belle Mead 42 , New Jersey
New York, N. Y.-one of the nat ion' s largest book
pub lishers is seeking book-length ma nu scrip ts of all
types-ficti on , non -fict ion . poet ry. Speci al attent ion
to new wri ter s. If you r work is ready for publi cati on.
send for bookle t HB-it's free . Vantage Press , 120
\'II . 3 1st Sr.. N ew York I. (Mid west Oi iice: 220 S.
Michi gan A, 'e., Chicago, 111. )
let/In to Pt/lnt Our book " Self
Taught Picture Painting" @ 75c post paid, is a
r eal valu e . It contoin a 10 colored pr ints , with
dir ect ions for painting, a s well a s valuable in -
formation on oil painting in its SO pages. Free
catalog No . 160 will also be sent.
W. A. Maurer Company
316-318 West Gra nd Avenue , Chicago 10, III.
Eslablished '880
'I
/' DRIVE
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D
'" '"
The sketch shows a method of
making and using clamps for edge
gluing when regular bar clamps
are not available. It would be a
good idea for the home workshop
to have several sets of different
si zes for la r ge and small jobs.
Take a piece of 1" x 4" (or any
scrap material ) about 10" longer
than th e work is wide, screw a
square block on one end and an
angled block on the other end.
Make a wedge about a foot long,
cut to the same angl e as the bl ock.
Two clamps a r e required for aver-
age work, but three or even four
are needed for long j obs. Larger
wedges may be used for narrow
work, or fill er boards may be used .
Be sure to place wax paper
under the work before gluing so
that the surplus glue will not stick
to the clamps ; the top of the
clamps could b e covered with
sheet metal. To use, joint the
boards, apply g l u e , place in
clamps and driv e w edg es in
firmly. If a third clamp is neces-
sary, pl ace it on t op of th e work.
N . M. Pitt man
Stretch Sheet Metal
for Alignment
In doing sheet metal work of any
kind-say you a re m aking a shi eld
against s pla tter ing oil-you may find
th at the holes you so painstakingly
laid out and punched a re not quit e
in ali gnm ent. You can't screw the
misal igned pi eces of sheet metal
t ogether.
The fir st thought of someone accu s-
tomed t o working with heavy metal
migh t be to enla r ge both holes, or to
punch new ones . Neither course is
necessary provided the punched holes
a re f airly close. Simply take a screw-
driver-or a punch-and angl e it
through both holes . Then force your
crowbar perpendicular to the
sheet metal. You will find there is
enough stretch in the sheet metal
that , when you t ake out the forcing
instrument, the holes r emain in align-
ment and ready for permanent screw-
ing.-Alber t Ujci c
Water Stain Remover
To remove water stains from
hardwood floors, rub the stains
well with a cl oth dipped in turpen-
t ine, us ing a regular circular
motion. Then dry thoroughl y with
a nother clean cloth.
Blanche Campbell
Shop-Made Clamps
NEW Catalog of
&
WOOOWORKING
EGUIPMENT
World' s La rgest Sel ecti on of Finest
Domesti c an d I mport ed Wood s
Mouldings, Hardwar e. Tools - All
At Low Money Savin g Pri ces!
Your compl ete wood buvinc guide
a nd pr oject book. Cr nft sma n Is 50ur
best . most cornnlet e source of Itn est
ldln- rb-led domest lc and rare 1111-
uort ed wood s. henutff ul wood in -
lays. col orful bnnrl tn es . ma tche d
ntvwood s. emb ossed mo u l d ln es .
curve d or naments. n ewest wood
werklng too ls . " hnnl t o find" cab-
II1('t ha rd war e an d rttttnss . .
more th an 1, 50n it ems ! P ark ed
wit h n ewest scrol l saw patt ern s.
nrofect Ideas and money rnaktne
ul an s. En ("lose 25c {refunded ' yit h
fir st ord er) to helu nay mnt u nc .
hand li rur cost . w rtt e now !
CRAFTSMAN WOOO SERVICE CO.
Dept . L.S, 2729 S. Mary St reet
ChIcago 8, Illino is
Get This
WO 0D
132 PAGES
Manyln
full color

wool s. u vene ers,
plywoods. pat.
terns, tool s. orfla ..
menta, hardware
everything for
t he woodworker.
POSITIVELY NO
SELLING!
I made $20,000 in one year without se ll-
ing a thing--door to door, over the
counter, by mail,or a ny other way. All
I did was buy up j unk jewel ry. T hen .U,!c1e Sam
p sid me $35. 00 an ounce for the gold 10 It, Jess a
small handling and refi ning charge. Send me your
name a nd address a nd I' ll show you how i t ' s done.
I clai m t h e re n e ver was a mo r e i n t eres ti ng wa y to make
money. Posit ivel y no se lling because th e U. S. Governmt;0t 18
eage r to buy all th e old zold yo u turn 10 - at .t he ei!tabluthed
pri ce. Ju st follow my plan an d you ca n find Junk Jewel ry to
buy in any communit y-large or s mall: J s how you to
find it , wha t t o pay f or it, h ow to t est It and how to mail It t o
Uncle S a m f orimme di ate cash. [' II t each y ou the by
which [ made $20.000in a year with abaolu tel y no selltnu .. No
charge fo r fa ct s. No sal esm an will call. Send no mon ey-e-Juat
na me, address on p o s t c ard . Writ e now t o: LESLIE PATTON,
335 We st Madison Street, Dept. 20H. Chicago 6, III.
In your own workshop enjoy $3
98 making several att r acti ve, useful
proj ects wi th famous California
Red wood . Nearly 6 bd. ft . best POST PAI D
grade. v: dri,ed 1" bds., skur-
fac ed; 22" ong. n p r ot ect i ve p "g. add 30c
ERNEST PIERSON CO., 4100 Broadway, Eureka, Calif.
DOLL
FACES
PACK-O-REDWOOD
ON LY . All fi ne plastic, washabl e . The se are
f a ce s on ly. not kits
(onl y c l own a vailable Single Lots ot
ki t. s e e above). Size Doz. 3 Doz .
Sm lllng Clown 2 1/4..x3" $1. 80 $1.50
Sweetheart Doll 2 114 " x3" 1 .80

_ C!!....::=::=::.:.:;. __ _
Des c ri pti ve fo lder: 10e ( F REE w ith ord eo r ) No C.O. D. .
"lHR\FT MAILMART
.:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-::-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-i
:i: WRITING? :i:
.t. Before vou conxlder an y cour se in writf ns-e-Com- t
.t. uar e! T he X ew Ynrk Sr-hool Of w r t tt ns offers: t
.t. complet e t ra in ln g In fiction. non -fiction nnd TV; .t.
.t. placement of snlahle s-rfnts. " ' r it e fOI" tr ee in- .t.
s: YORk
1e
OF WRITING t
:!: Oept . S04, 2 East 45th Street, New York, N.Y. :::
.:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:..:-:-:-:-:-:-:..:-:-:.
r
- for PLEASURE - for PROFIT ......
i
S M I LI NG CLOWN'
. 1. IS" tall . Sew b}' hand or machine. and
.;; sturr. Oll) ulus t le f ace and cut mate-
rial supull ed : al lk, r-ayon and satin in
dif fer ent color s. No t wo doll s alike.
S.II. lor S1.98.
Your pri ce only $.80 ea . (3 or more)
Stnut e sa mple clown $1.00
----------------
64 W 0 RKBEN C H
8 BIG ISSUES OF MAGAZINE
Here is the countr y's fastest grow i ng gardening
magazi ne w ritten especiall y for flower and garden
lovers i n the Mid-America area -beginners as well
as experts. You will find i t folksy, down to ear th
and pract ical. As an Ohio subscriber w rit es, "I have
f inally received a down to earth magazine. I have
sub scribed to most of them, and truthfully none
of t hem f illed the bi l l. Your magazine i s the one
I am compl etely sol d on."
HERE IS HOW YOU SAVE MONEY OVER
THE REGULAR PRICE
FLOWER & GARDEN Magazine is ava ilable at a limited number
of newsstands at 35c a copy or $3 a year by ma il. But you can
get a full ei ght mo nths, cos ting you $2.80 if bought on t he
newsst ands, for on ly $1.
YOU RISK NOTHINGI
If yo u are not delighted with you r ve ry f irst copy you may
cance l your subscription -keep that copy and your money will
be refunded.
ADDRESS
543 Westport Road, Kansas City 11, Missouri
CITY _
MY NAME _
Remember on ly a very limited number of e xtra cop ies are
printed ea ch month for new reader s. So order now to re ceive
yo ur copies.
FLOWER & GARDEN Magazine Dept. 1047
I am e ncl osi ng subscripti ons at S1 for eight months,
and S1 for each addit ienel gi ft subscripti on.
Tolal enclosed S' _
---------------------------,
Fill oul and send to: I
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ZONE STATE I . J
WONDERFUL FOR GIFTS
This is a rare opportunity to get FLOWER &
GARDEN Magazine for your gardeni ng friends f or
only $1, too. Just enclose compl ete names and ad-
dresses, legi bly printed on a separate sheet of
paper. If you l ive i n a town usi ng zone numbers
please include this information in all correspon-
dence.
Every month' s copy tell s you w hat and w hen to
pl ant-f ar enough in advance so you can do some-
th ing about it . You learn about new products, new
plants and fl owers. You learn how to have a beau-
t iful lawn even in hot, dry summer. In short , this
i s the only complete magazine f or gardening in
Mid-Ameri ca.
IMAGINE GETTING BUYS SUCH AS THESE!
$1 Chlorophyl Tablets, 71/2Cpkg.
15c Texti le dyes, 3V2C pkg.
$12.95 Name brand Kitchen set,
$3. 25.
$49.95 Gold Bracelet, Boxed $4.75.
POSTAL SCALES, 7V2C each!
$2.98 Horserace game records, 30cea.
$1.95 Men's sil k ties, 12V2c each!
PENCI LS, 144 for 57
1
/2C!
69c Insect Repellent, 5c each!
CHRISTMAS SEALS, 25c per 1O00!
ENVELOPES, 50c per 1000!
35c DRESS PATTERNS, 3c each!
Calendar Wrist Watches, $5.00each!
$10 Men's Toiletry Sets, 60c each!
New Bobby Pins, 70c per 700!
$5.50 Luci teHairbrushes, 65c each!
$1.75Rudolphki ds toiletry sets, 35c.
NEWHAIRNETS, V2Ceach!
$1 Automatic Card Shufflers,
9c each.
39c Under Arm Deodorant, 2c jar!
25 card asst. Xmas cards, Ilc box!
50c Everdaygreeting cards, 71/2Cbox!
$200 Govt. SurplusTypewr iters, $23.
$1-$3 Hard coveredbooks, 20c each!
49c Xmas window decorations,
lOc per set.
Famous Brand $18.75 Perfume, $1.
69c Insect Repellent, l)c each.
NewPhono Records, 45 & 78 RPM,
7c each.
BUTTONS, 144 for 25c.
CIGARETTE HOLDERS, lc each.
.. $1 Kiddies Handbags, 3c each.
$1 Val. Billfolds, 15c each.
$2.50 Wal lets, 30c each.
LADIES APRONS, 6lAc each.
D.E. Razor Blades, $1.50 per 1000
blades.
$1 Mufflers, Scarfs, 12V2c each.
Plasti c Toy Guns, 2c each.
25c Rudolph Reindeer brooches,
2c each.
$15 Electric Percolators, $5 each!
(Above berqeln list mer ely ill ustrates ty pe of Bar gai ns usu a lly f ound in this paper. Lists Naturally cha nge from month to mon th.)
Look What Subscribers Are Saying!
PLUS HUNDREDS OF OTHER SENSATIONAL BUYS!
ONLY IN "BARGAINS" ILL YOU Find Every Month Similar-
BANKRUPT, CLOSEOUT, SURPLUS BARGAIN OFFERS. BARGAINS AT WHOLESALE
BELOW WHOLESALE RARE MONEY MAKING OFFERS New and Unusual Item Information
ONE issue of this SENSATIONAL Publication ca n make or save you MORE MONEY than the COST OF THE
ENTIRE SUBSCRIPTION! This is the ONLY Big National paper of this type in circulation! You'll be
AMAZED, FLABBERGASTED and DELIGHTED at the wonderful listings in every issue!
Toys, Books, Jewelry, Greeting Cards, Cosmetics, Household Mer.
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Reg. Price is $3. 00 per year, BUT YOU CAN STILL BUY 12 BIG ISSUES FOR $2.00! Just lBc
per month! Save yours elf $ 1.00 by subscribing now. AND SEE OUR AMAZING MONEY BACK
IF NOT PLEASED OFFER BELOWl Act Fast, this offer i. subject to withdrawal at ANY TIME!

TOWER PRESS, INC.
Box S91, Lynn BB7, Mass.
O.K. noro. my $2.00 tor 12 BI G I SSUES. Ru, b mo
fi rst copy I
BIG 1958 CHRISTMAS ISSUESI
Your s ubscetp t to n wi ll uu to matica ll y Include t h e BIG
1H5 R CHR IS T",l AS I SSUES -just in time for the b ig

wort h of goods at 1 5c , 2 5 e or 3 5c.
w.?{;.:-:.
gains ' Is av ail able b y SU BSC lt l PTJON ONLY. It" t he
only paper we know In e x istence th at a ctuauv lI Jol t !i
Ba nkr u pt. Clo seou t. SurpluJil offers every month. Ba r -
g a in!'! 50 r a r e a nd terrific. You 'll bli nk your eyes In
amazeme nU
It's HARD to be li e ve . but IT ' S TH E TRUTH I Te rrlfle
Barcat ns can S8\>e YOU 4 0 0/0- 8 0 0/" or more on every
doll a r YOU spend!
ONLY PAPER OF IT'S KIND AVAILABLE!
Bargains as low a s 10<- 2S< o h the Dollar!
Your Money Back IN FULL
if the First Issue
Doesn't P.lea$e You!
SAVE Up to $IDDD-EARN Up to S3DDD!
Enable s YOU t o Buy Bill Name Merch a nd is e At Tr e-
mendo u s "BAHGAI NS " n e sror tetes
offers In me reh a nd ts e AT LOW WnoLESAL E P HICF. S >
a nd then er rors m em t o s uh s<"rlh...rs on tv a t NO
PROFIT. Por m tt s you t o huv a t dealers pr-Ice s l t his
Is b ut ONE fe a tur e or BARGAIN St
MAKE FANTASTIC PROFITS!
We HON ESTLY t hink It' s oce stb te ( or yo u to do t h i s
with i n a rear -s time. For PHOOF . . see t e s ti mon ia l
l ot t e r-s , , . or t-e tter s t ili . PROVE I T FOR YOUR SELF
BY SURSC RJBI NG.
SUBSCRIBERS SH()PPING SERVICE
BUY CB EAP- SELt4 CH EAP ! That' s why thousa nd s of
s mar t sa le s me n . s to re owne r s . jotme rs, e tc, b uv this
paper! Th e v know whe r e to buv a t CHE AP EST PRI CES l
NO BEASON' w h y YOU ca n- t no Til E SA!\f E! Ma ny
a rticles. f e at ur e s ever'v m ont h s ho w vou now t o lie n
ba rga i ns for bls: p ro fi t s-If rou don 't kn ow h owl
Here ' s What Subscribers sa y about
After Receiving Their first copiesl
" Your book BARGA) NS Is lu st wonderfu l an d I am very
glad I sub scrib ed to it ." - H. K Port Monmout h, N. J.
" . As a result of answering one of t he ads (in Bar gains)
it has result ed In extr a profits of $40.00 an d upwa rd s per
month . " - J. H.. Alab ama.
" . Saw your wond erful pa per an d enjoyed ever y bit of It s
rea din g a nd adv, tt's a Grea t Pa per. " - M. S. Ver mont .
" . .. I am very pl eased with BARGA INS. I have never seen
a nyt hing like it a nd am " ookl ng forwa rd t o my fu ture copies
es pecia lly t he Chr ist mas editi on." - Mrs . D. M. Ma i ne.
" Becalved my fi rst Issue of Bargains a nd may I say It is
a gr eat manaztne." - M. H. Co. Al a ba ma .
" I think BARGA I NS Is t ho bost mer chandl so pub li cati on
I have ever seen (An d I have seen hund r eds) ." - S. P. C. ,
my 1st copy of BAR GAI NS t he ot her day and
a m very nreased, th e inf ormation you publish may be Just t he
'shot in the arm' my business nee ds."- D. S., St. Al ba ns, N.Y >.
" . . . I have found your mag azi ne very he lpf ul . " - W. A. P.
Ogdensburg, N. Y.
" Received your pa per. Tha nk you very much. It Is one
of t he fi nest we have ever seen." - F. D. Iowa .
01 I was th e recip ient of my 1st copy a few days ago ,
I ' am' compl etely sati sfi ed wit h t he peri od ical. I a lso wis h t o
expr ess my a ppr eciati on t o you for havlnu ma de t he magazi ne
avail able t o me. I sha ll be plea sed t o contin ue my subscri ption
as long as th e magazine is ava ila ble." - W. S Was h.
ti l ha ve beer. a subscribe r of your tBar ga lns' magaz ine for
nearly a year. a nd very muc h pleased wit h it . I wouldn 't wa nt
t o miss a copy of it . So I am sen ding In t he va luable coupon
you sen t me with $2.00 In cash . l am s o g l ad t o be on e
of your SUbscri bers . " - Mr s. E. L.. Richmond, Ca li f.
PLUS MANY OTHERS!
THE ABOVE LETTERS WERE NOT SOLICITED IN ANY
WAY OR MANNER-ALL ARE IN OUR OFFICE FILES!
They a re t he e nt h us iastic reaction 01 s ubscribe rs
a ft e r s eeing t heir f i r st copies of BARGAtNS!
Name .
WHAT CAN YOU LOSE? If you are not delighted with your lst issue, you can have your
money back IN FULL! No quibbling about it e ither! CAN WE MAKE A MORE STRAIGHT-
FORWARD OFFER THAN THIS?
Ad dress
TOWER PRESS, Inc., Box 591, Lynn 887, mass.
Clt y State .
Hememberl Your Money Back IN F ULL it t he 18t issu e
th at } ' OU receive doesn't pl ease rout
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