LOW NOISE NARROW BAND PASSIVE MIXER

S.Balachander G.Kalyan chand Second Year M.tech VLSI SATHYABAMA DEEMED UNIVERSITY CHENNAI-6000119. D.V.Pavan Kumar

Abstract
A low noise narrow band passive mixer is one that exploits freedom of source and load terminations. This mixer assumes a capacitive load, which generates no thermal noise of its own, and also helps the filter out high frequency noise and distortion. The circuit consists of an L-match in cascade with a parallel tank, which provides an impedance transformation that moderately boosts the RF signal voltage to help in the reduction of the voltage conversion loss. Low noise narrow band passive mixer is written in SPICE to verify the functionality of the circuit.

Introduction:
Mixers are found in all communication systems. They are frequency translating devices that convert input signals from one frequency to another by mixing the input signal with another signal of known frequency. Mixers perform mixing operation by multiplying the two input signals. The output IF is the product of two signals RF and Local Oscillator, which contains the sum and difference of two input frequencies. The lower frequency component is usually the desired one and can be obtained by low pass filtering the mixer output signal. Mixers are classified into 1. Square law mixer 2. Single balanced mixer 3. Double balanced mixer 4. Gilbert mixer 5. Potentiometer mixer 6. Passive double balanced mixer 7. Diode ring mixers. Low noise narrow band mixer is a passive mixer. These passive mixers have some attractive properties than active mixers. Passive mixers have properties, such as the potential for extremely low-power operation.

Algorithm:
1. 2. Consider the requirements needed for the design of this Low noise narrow passive band mixer.. Select a Transistor carefully by understanding its Trade Offs such that it Meets the required above specifications. 3. Check the transistor Gain and Noise Figure. 4. Perform the design of the MIXER by verifying its DC biasing and the Stability Design using the above transistor. 5. Verify the design of the MIXER by verifying the output waveforms.

Flow chart :
START

Obtain the specifications and trade offs needed for the design of an mixer Select a transistor that satisfies these specifications and the trade offs

Perform the design of the MIXER by verifying its DC biasing and the Stability design.

If dc bias & stability is not attained

Verify the design by observing the outputs.

STOP

Circuit diagram:
C3 R1 M1 V2 L2 V1 R3 C1 V5 L1 M2 M2SK791 M2SK791

0 0
R2 C4 L4 L3 V7 M2SK791 M2SK791 M4

0
V6

fig 1: low noise narrow band passive mixer.

PSPICE coding:
r1 2 0 100meg vin 1 2 sin(0 5v 100meg) vin0 7 0 sin(0 5v 50meg) vin1 9 0 sin(5v 0 50meg) vin2 10 0 sin(0 5v 50meg) vin3 12 0 sin(5v 0 50meg) r2 1 3 100meg c1 4 3 0.25mf l1 4 5 100nh l2 5 6 100nh r3 6 0 100meg l3 6 0 100nh c2 5 0 0.25mf c3 8 11 0.25mf m1 8 7 5 5 M2SK791 m3 11 9 5 5 M2SK791 .model M2SK791 NMOS(Level=3Gamma=0 Delta=0Eta=0 Theta=0Kappa=0.2 Vmax=0 Xj=0 Tox=2u Uo=600 Phi=.6 Kp=1.031u W=.6657 L=2u Rs=20m Vto=2.586 Rd=2.928 Rds=2.833MEG Cgso=4p Cgdo=1p Cbd=1.361n Mj=.5832 Pb=.3905 Fc=.5 Rg=1.478K Is=1f N=1 Rb=1m) m2 9 8 0 0 M2SK791 m4 7 11 0 0 M2SK791 ****.OP v(8) .ac dec 10 10 100meg .tran 1ns 125ns 1ns .probe .end

Simulation output:

5.0V

0V SEL>> -5.0V V1(vin) 400uV V1(vin0)

0V

-400uV 0s V(8) Time 20ns 40ns 60ns 80ns 100ns 120ns 140ns

****

SMALL SIGNAL BIAS SOLUTION

TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

****************************************************************************** NODE VOLTAGE ( ( ( 1) 5) 0.0000 ( 0.0000 ( NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE 0.0000 0.0000 5.0000 NODE VOLTAGE

2) 0.0000 ( 6) 0.0000 (

3) 0.0000 ( 4) 7) 0.0000 ( 8)

9) 5.0000 ( 10) 0.0000 ( 11) 0.0000 ( 12)

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS NAME CURRENT vin 0.000E+00 vin0 0.000E+00 vin1 -1.765E-06 vin2 0.000E+00 vin3 0.000E+00 TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 8.82E-06 WATTS

Conclusion:
As a final note on the noise performance of the mixer, it is perhaps useful to observe that the absence of GC bias current implies the absence of 1/f noise. the gate capacitance of the switches may be resonated with an inductor results power reduction by a factor Q2.it is trivial to reduce the power to the order of a mill watt or less, even at gigahertz frequencies. The difference between the local oscillator and the VIN is the mixer output. The results are Fin= 1/20ns=50ps. Lo=1/10ns=100ps. Fout=50ps.

References:
[1].Fundamentals of RF and Microwave noise figure measurements, Hewlett Packard, application note 57-1 [2].CMOS radio frequency circuit design, Thomas H Lee. [3]. Maas, S.A. Microwave Mixers, Artech House, 1986. [4]. Spencer, R.R. Noise in electronic devices, Circuits, and systems, university of California, Davis, 1991. [5]. Vendelin, G.D., Pavio, A.M. and Rohde, U.L.Microwave circuit design, John Wiley& Sons, Newyork, 1990.