DIEGO MEJIA

MAYO DEL 2013

CICLOS TRMICOS-CICLO DE REFRIGERACIN
in a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle, ammonia exits the evaporator as saturated vapor at
_22C. The refrigerant enters the condenser at 16 bar and 160C, and saturated liquid exits at 16
bar. There is no significant heat transfer between thecompressor and its surroundings, and the
refrigerant passesthrough the evaporator with a negligible change in pressure. If the
refrigerating capacity is 150 kW, determine:
(a) the mass flow rate of refrigerant, in kg/s.
(b) the power input to the compressor, in kW.
(c) the coefficient of performance.
(d) the isentropic compressor efficiency.
SOLUCION
a)
H
C
H
C
T
T
Q
Q
=
J Q K T K T H H C
3
10 45 . 6 , 520 , 300 = = = =
J
K
K
J
T
T
Q Q
H
C
H C
3 3
10 72 . 3
520
300
) 10 45 . 6 ( =
|
.
|

\
|
= =

b) J J J Q Q W C H
3 3 3
10 73 . 2 10 72 . 3 10 45 . 6 = = =

d) % 3 . 42 100 423 . 0 423 . 0
10 45 . 6
10 73 . 2
3
3
= - = =

= =
J
J
Q
W
e
H

c)

DIEGO MEJIA
MAYO DEL 2013

table de valores para variaciones y condiciones Termicas

T
1

K
T
2

K
T
3

K
T
4

K
P
1

kPa
P
2

kPa
P
3

kPa
P
4

kPa
300 662.46 1400 883.56 100 1000 1000 100
W
C
/m
kJ/kg
W
T
/m
kJ/kg
Q
In
/m
kJ/kg
bwr
%
W
net
/m
kJ/kg
h Net Power
MW

-372.91 600.88 842.32 62.0 227.97 27.1 1.32

MAQUINAS TRMICAS.
Air enters the compressor of an ideal air-standard Brayton cycle at 100 kPa, 300 K, with a volumetric
flow rate of 5 m3 /s. The turbine inlet temperature is 1400 K. For compressor pressure ratios ranging
from 2 to 20, plot :
(a) the thermal efficiency of the cycle.
(b) the back work ratio.
(c) the net power developed, in kW.















DIEGO MEJIA
MAYO DEL 2013
(1) (2): Isentropic Compression
(2) (3): Constant Pressure Heat Addition
(3) (4): Isentropic Expansion
(4) (1): Constant Pressure Heat Rejection.







The Brayton Cycle: The air- standard Brayton cycle is the ideal cycle for gas turbines.

All 4 processes are internally reversible:







Air-standard gas turbine cycle [2]
DIEGO MEJIA
MAYO DEL 2013


The following table summarizes the solution:

T
1

K
T
2

K
T
3

K
T
4

K
P
1

kPa
P
2

kPa
P
3

kPa
P
4

kPa
300 574.1 1400 787.7 100 1000 1000 100
W
C
/m
kJ/kg
W
T
/m
kJ/kg
Q
In
/m
kJ/kg
bwr
%
W
net
/m
kJ/kg
h Net Power
MW

-279.68 706.92 935.55 39.6 427.24 45.67 2.48


Note that because of irreversibilities in the compressor and in the turbine:
The efficiency has dropped substantially from 45.7% to 27.1 %
The cycle net capacity has dropped from 427 kJ/kg to 228 kJ/kg.
The back work ratio has increased from 39.6 % to 62% while
The net power developed has dropped from 2.48 MW to 1.32 MW, a decrease of 47
%.