CHAPTER 5: RATIOS, RATES, & PROPORTIONS

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CHAPTER 5 CONTENTS 5.1 Ratios 5.2 Rates 5.3 Unit Rates 5.4 Proportions 5.5 Applications

5.1 Ratios (same units)

A ratio is the comparison of two quantities. The quantities may simply be numbers, or the quantities may be numbers with units attached to them. A ratio may be written in several ways. Suppose that there are 45 cars and 7 trucks in a parking lot. The ratio of trucks to cars can be written in three ways:

words 7 to 45

colon 7 : 45

fraction

7 45

Each is read (expressed verbally) in the same way: 7 to 45. The order in which we write the parts of a ratio is important. In words and with a colon, we read from left to right. In fraction form, we read from top to bottom.

Because a ratio can be written as a fraction, it makes sense to reduce a ratio to its lowest terms in the same way that you would reduce a fraction. Suppose that the width of a building is 540 feet and the height of the building is 80 feet. The ratio the buildings width to its height is 540 to 80. In fraction form, this ratio be expressed

540 27 which reduces to . 80 4

So, the ratio 540 to 80 can be reduced alsoto the ratio 27 to 4.

Since ratios are a comparison of two quantities, they are always expressed in fractional form (proper or improper) but never as a mixed number or a whole number.

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Example 1: Write the ratio of 5 pounds of apples to 4 pounds of apples in three different ways. words: 5 to 4 colon: 5:4 fraction:
5 4

Example 2: Write the ratio of $15 to $18 in simplest form.

15 15 3 = 18 18 3 5 6

Example 3: Write the ratio of 50 milliliters to 45 milliliters in simplest form.

50 45 50 5 45 5 10 9

Example 4: Write the ratio of 8 balls to 11 balls in simplest form.

8 11

Example 5: Write the ratio of 12 pens to 10 pens in simplest form.

12 10 12 2 10 2 6 5

Example 6: Write the ratio of the rectangles length to its width in simplest form. L = 25 inches W = 15 inches

25 15

25 5 15 5

5 3

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5.1 Ratios (same units) Exercises 1. Write the following ratio as a fraction and in words. 2. Write the following ratio using a colon and in words. 3. Write the following ratio as a fraction and using a colon. 18 to 23 In Exercises 4 14, simplify the ratio. 4. 3 : 5 5. 24 : 18 6. 7. 5 : 12

9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. The base of a triangle is 60 millimeters, and the height of the triangle is 40 millimeters. What is the ratio of the height to the base? 16. A wheelchair ramp rises 2 feet for every 12 feet it runs. What is the ratio of rise to run? 17. A tree is 12 feet wide and 18 feet high. What is the ratio the trees height to the trees width?

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5.1 Ratios (same units) Exercises Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 3 : 5 is simplified 4:3

9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

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5.2 Rates (different units)

The ratio 11 to 15 may or may not convey the same information as the ratio 15 to 11. Consider a math class with 11 male students and 15 female students. The ratio of male students to female students is written 11 to 15. The ratio of female students to male students is written 15 to 11. Both of these ratios convey the same information about the distribution by gender of students in a particular math class, even though the ratios are written differently. As fractions (as purely mathematical entities), however,

11 15 is not equal to . Thus, you must always be careful to 15 11

distinguish between information and mathematical value.

When the names in a ratio are of different types, the ratio may be called a rate. For instance, the ratio 150 miles to 3 hours is called a rate. This rate can be written using the word per. It is also common to write a rate in fraction form; both the word per and a fraction denote the arithmetic operation of division. 150 miles per 3 hours = 150 miles/3 hours =
150 miles 3 hours

Rates are simplified to lowest terms in the same way that ratios are simplified. For instance, if a car can be driven 219 miles using 6 gallons of gasoline, we can talk about the ratio of miles to gallons or the rate of 219 miles per 6 gallons. This rate may be simplified to lowest terms: 219 miles per 6 gallons =
219 miles 6 gallons 73 miles = 73 miles per 2 gallons. 2 gallons

Example 1: Write the following rate in the simplest form: $50 per 8 pounds Write the original rate in fraction form.
$50 8 pounds $25 50 2 = 4 pounds 8 2

Simplify the fraction.

Write the meaning of the simplified rate.

$25 per 4 pounds

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Example 2: Write the rate in the simplest form: Write the original rate in fraction form.

8 grams of fat per 2 cookies

8 grams 2 cookies

Simplify the fraction.

8 2 4 grams = 2 2 1 cookie

Write the meaning of the simplified rate.

4 grams of fat per cookie

Example 3:

Write the rate in the simplest form: 126 words in 3 minutes

126words 3minutes

Write the original rate in fraction form. Simplify the fraction.

42 words 126 3 = 1 minute 3 3

Write the meaning of the simplified rate.

42 words per minute

Example 4: Write the rate in the simplest form: 8 pounds of apples cost $10 Write the original rate in fraction form.

8 pounds $10 4 pounds 8 2 = $5 10 2

4 pounds per 5 dollars

Simplify the fraction.

Write the meaning of the simplified rate.

Example 5:

Write the rate in the simplest form: 3 tablespoons of olive oil has 42 grams of fat
3 tablespoons 42 grams

Write the original rate in fraction form.

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Simplify the fraction.

3 3 1 tablespoon = 14 grams 42 3

Write the meaning of the simplified rate.

1 tablespoon of olive oil per 14 grams of fat

5.2 Rates (different units) Exercises Write each rate in simplest fraction form. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 36 miles per 6 gallon 10 milliliters per 20 pounds 28 grams per 14 milliliters 84 pounds per 12 square inches $4.00 per 10 boxes 12 phone calls in 60 minutes 100 pages in 4 hours 8 meters per 10 seconds 9. 48 calories per 3 servings 10. 1360 meters in 16 seconds 11. An office assistant can type 1240 words in 20 minutes. Determine the rate of words per minute. 12. A runner can complete 28 laps around the track in 14 minutes. What is the rate of laps per minute for this runner? 13. A patient requires 15 milligrams of medicine for every 35 pounds of weight. What is the rate of milligrams per pound? 14. A box of cereal contains 9 servings. The calories from the entire box are 750. What is the rate of calories per serving for this cereal? 15. A car traveled 600 miles in 9 hours. What is the rate of miles per hour? 16. On a trip a car traveled 356 miles and used 14 gallons of gas. What is the rate of miles per gallon? 17. A printer used 5 printer cartridges to print 3480 pages. What is the rate of printer cartridges to printed pages? 18. A grocer scans 32 items in 48 seconds. What is the rate of items scanned per second?

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5.2 Rates (different units) Exercises Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

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18.

5.3 Unit Rates

A unit rate is a rate where the second quantity or the denominator is 1. The following are examples of unit rates: 5 men to 1 car = 5 men per car = 5 men / car. 30 miles to 1 gallon = 30 miles per gallon = 30 mpg $3.49 to 1 pound = $3.49 per pound

Any rate can be written as a unit rate by dividing both terms by the second term. For instance, the rate 200 miles to 8 gallons can be written:
200 miles to 8 gallons 200 miles 8 8 gallons 8 25 miles 1 gallon 25 mpg

Sometimes you need to convert one of the units to another type of unit. For instance, you might be asked to express the rate 15 miles to 20 minutes in miles per hour. You will need to use the fact that there are 60 minutes in one hour.
15 miles 20 minutes 3 15 miles 3 20 minutes 45 miles 60 minutes 45 miles 1 hour 45 mph

One very useful unit rate is called a unit price. Suppose that a 20-ounce box of cereal costs $3.40. The rate of dollars to ounces is
$3.40 20 ounces $3.40 20 20 20 ounces $0.17 = $0.17 per 1 ounce

ounce. That is, 17 per ounce is the unit price.

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Example 1: The price of 5 pounds of apples is $10. What is the unit rate (price of apples per one pound)? Step 1: Write the original rate $10 to 5 pounds.
10 5 10 5 5 5 2 1

Step 2: Make the denominator equal to 1 by dividing the denominator by 5 (and, thus, the numerator by 5 also). Step 3: Write the meaning of the simplified unit rate.

$2 per pound of apples

Example 2:

Find the unit rate for 240 words in 20 lines.

240 20
240 20 20 20 12 1

Step 1: Write the original rate 240 words to 20 lines.

Step 2: Make the denominator equal to 1 by dividing the denominator by 20 (and, thus, the numerator by 20 also). Step 3: Write the meaning of the simplified unit rate.

12 words per line

Example 3: Find the unit rate for driving 135 miles on 4 gallons of gasoline Step 1: Write the original rate 135 miles to 4 gallons.
135 4
135 4 4 4 33.75 1

Step 2: Make the denominator equal to 1 by dividing the denominator by 4 (and, thus, the numerator by 4 also). Step 3: Write the meaning of the simplified unit rate.

33.75 miles per gallon

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Example 4: Mina bought 2.5 kilograms of brown rice for $7.50. Find the unit rate or unit price (of brown rice per kilogram) Step 1: Write the original rate $7.5 to 2.5 kg.
7 .5 2 .5

Step 2: Make the denominator equal to 1 by dividing the denominator by 2.5 (and, thus, the numerator by 2.5 also). Step 3: Write the meaning of the simplified unit price.

7.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

3 1

$3 per kilogram

Example 5:

A typist can type 2400 words in 40 minutes. Find the unit rate.
2400 40

Step 1: Write the original rate 2400 words to 40 minutes.

Step 2: Make the denominator equal to 1 by dividing the denominator by 2.5 (and, thus, the numerator by 2.5 also). Step 3: Write the meaning of the simplified unit price.

2400 40 40 40

60 1

60 words per minute

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5.3 Unit Rate Exercises Determine the unit rate. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 784 calories per 4 servings of pie 550 miles in 11 hours 345 miles per 12 gallons $15.20 per 3 hours 34 grams per 17 milliliters 120 pages in 6 hours 28 meters per 8 seconds $8.25 per 3 boxes 9. $45.35 per 5 hours 10. 8700 calories per 15 servings 11. A phone call from New York City to Nairobi, Kenya costs $9.35 for 32 minutes. What is the price per minute this telephone call? 12. At the SuperOgre grocery store, there is a sale on Scampbulls soup: 10 cans of Turkey-nComets soup cost $8.22. What is the price per can of soup? 13. After her morning coffee, an administrative assistant can type 2435 words in 20 minutes. What is the administrative assistants unit rate in words per minute? 14. A 12-ounce can of Bushs Original Baked Beans costs $.88. What is the unit price per ounce? 15. Elmer owns a delivery service, FuddEx. One of the vehicles in his fleet traveled 120 miles in 2 hours. What is the unit rate in miles per hour that the delivery vehicle traveled? 16. Anne babysat her twin nieces for 6 hours and was paid $36. What is her pay per hour? 17. Four peanut butter cookies have 125 calories. How many calories are there per cookie? 18. Lakisha bought 5 Granny Smith apples for $1.50. What is the unit price per apple? 19. William got a bill for his texting overages: $2.25 for 25 texts. How much was he charged per text? 20. Lance Legstrong rode his bicycle 10 miles in 30 minutes. What is the unit rate in miles per hour that he bicycled?

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5.3 Unit Rates Exercises Answers 1. 2.

3.

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. or 60 miles per hr.

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5.4 Proportions
A proportion is a statement that two ratios are equal. For instance, proportions. A proportion is either true or false. Because first proportion is true. Because false.
a c is read a is to b as c is to d. This proportion can be written in colon b d form as a : b :: c : d, where a and d are called the extremes, and b and c are called the means.

1 3

2 3 and 6 4

2 are 7

1 2 and are equivalent fractions, the 3 6

3 2 and are not equivalent fractions, the second proportion is 4 7

The proportion

A proportion is true if and only if the product of the extremes equals the product of the a c means. Therefore, is true if and only if a d b c . ad and bc are called the cross b d products. Thus, a proportion is true if and only if its cross products are equal. For instance, the 4 6 proportion is true because 433 = 226; both cross products equal 132 and are, thus 22 33 1.2 0.9 equal to each other. The proportion is false because (1.2)(5) = 6 is not equal to 7 5 (7)(0.9) = 6.3.

A proportion has four numbers. If only three of the numbers are given, and a variable represents the fourth, you can solve for the missing number by assuming that the proportion is true. To solve a proportion for the missing number n: 1. Cross multiply and set the two cross products equal to each other. This creates an equation in the variable n. 2. Solve this equation for n by dividing both sides of the equation by the number that is multiplied with n.
17 100 for the value of n, cross multiply, obtaining 51 n 17n = 51100. Then, divide both sides of the equation by 17, yielding n = 300.

For instance, to solve the proportion

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Example 1:

Is

5 6

15 a true statement? 18

If the product of 5 and 18 is equal to the product of 6 and 15, then the proportion is true.

6 15 5 18
90 = 90 Example 2: Therefore, the proportion is true.
2 3 10 n

Solve for n:

Calculate the cross products, and equate them.

2 n 3 10
2n 30

To solve for n, divide by 2.

n 30 2 n 15
n 7.5 1.5 2.5

Example 3:

Solve for n:

Calculate the cross products, and equate them.

2.5 n 7.5 1.5

2.5n 11.25

To solve for n, divide by 2.5.

n 11.25 2.5 n 4.5

1 2 3 5 n 9 5
3 n 5 1 9 2 5

Example 4: Solve for n:

Calculate the cross products, and equate them.

3 n 5
3 To solve for n, divide by 5 . n n

9 10
9 10 3 2 3 5 9 5 10 3 45 30 45 15 30 15

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Example 5: Solve for n:

3 n

5 4

Calculate the cross products, and equate them.

5 n 3 4 5n 12

To solve for n, divide by 5.

n 12 5 12 = 2.4 n 5

Example 6:

Solve for n:

n 1 2

1 4 1 1 2 2
2 1 4 2 4 9 1 9 1 and 1 4 2

Convert each mixed fraction to an improper fraction. The proportion has become

1 2 2

3 2

n 1 2
Calculate the cross products, and equate them.
3 n 2 3 n 2 3 To solve for n, divide by 2 . n

9 4 3 2
1 9 2 4 9 8 9 3 8 2 3 4 9 2 8 3 18 24 18 6 24 6

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5.4 Proportion Exercises 1. Is the following proportion true or false?

2.

Is the following proportion true or false?

3.

Is the following proportion true or false?

4.

Is the following proportion true or false?

5. Solve the following proportion for n.

6.

Solve the following proportion for r.

7.

Solve the following proportion for b.

8.

Solve the following proportion for n.

9.

Solve the following proportion for u.

10. Solve the following proportion for v.

11.

Solve the following proportion for a.

12.

Solve the following proportion for s.

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13.

Solve the following proportion for n.

14.

Solve the following proportion for t.

15.

Solve the following proportion for r.

2 1 2
b
5 6

4 r

16.

Solve the following proportion for b.

12 4

17.

Solve the following proportion for a.

5
9 8

18.

Solve the following proportion for p.

9 1 12

p
3 8

3
19. Solve the following proportion for t.

2 1 12

t
4 7

20.

Solve the following proportion for s.

6 s

2
3

2 3
1 2

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5.4 Proportions Exercises Answers 1. False proportion 2. True proportion 3. True proportion 4. False proportion 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 15 = n r=2 b = 16 n = 69 u=

10. v = 11. a = 4.9 12. 5 = s 13. n = 2.2729 (rounded) 14. t = 5.12 15.

16. 17. 18. 19. t = 24

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20.

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5.5 Applications
There are several types of applications which can be solved using ratios and proportions. The first type of application is to split an amount according to a given ratio. For instance, the lawyer and the plaintiff of a successful lawsuit are going to divide the $22,000 judgment according to the ratio 4:6. The lawyer receives 4 parts (each part is of an equal amount), and the plaintiff receives 6 parts. The $22,000 is split into 4 + 6 = 10 equal parts, and each part is worth $22,000/10 = $2,200. The portion allotted to the lawyer is 4 x $2,200= $8,800, and the plaintiff receives 6 x $2,200= $13,200.

In working with mixtures or recipes, the ratio of ingredient A to ingredient B to ingredient C might be 2:3:5. If there is a total of 20 ounces of the mixture, how much of each ingredient should be used?

To apportion an amount according to a given ratio: 1. Add the terms of the ratio together. 2. Divide the total amount to be apportioned by this sum. This gives one part. 3. Multiply the value of one part by each term in the ratio. The answers represent the apportioned amounts. To apportion 20 ounces according to the ratio 2:3:5, we first add 2 + 3 + 5 = 10 parts. Then, 20 ounces/10 parts simplifies to 2 ounces per part. Thus, there are 2x2 = 4 ounces of ingredient A, 2x3 = 6 ounces of ingredient B, and 2x5 = 10 ounces of ingredient C.

Another type of application is to compare two ratios or rates such as unit prices. Which is a better buy: a 6-ounce can of tuna for $1.20 or a 10-ounce can of tuna for $1.60? To decide, compare the unit prices. The unit price of the 6-ounce can is $1.20/6 = $.20, and the unit price for the 10-ounce can is $1.60/10 = $.16. The 10-ounce can of tuna is the better buy because it has a lesser unit price.
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Proportions can be used to solve applications whose quantities are proportional. Two quantities are proportional if doubling one means the other will double, tripling one means the other will triple, halving one means the other will halve, and so on.

1 Suppose you know that there are 56 milligrams of cholesterol in 3 ounces of trout. How 2

much cholesterol is contained in 8 ounces of trout?

To solve using proportions: 1. Let x (or another variable) represent the unknown quantity.

2. Use the information in the problem to write two ratios. 3. Write the first ratio based on known information in fraction form, including the units.

4. Write the second ratio so that the units of its numerator match the units of the first ratios numerator, and so that the units of its denominator match the units of the first ratios denominator.

5. Make a proportion by setting the ratios equal, and solve the proportion.

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The question How much cholesterol is contained in 8 ounces of trout? indicates that the unknown quantity is the number of milligrams of cholesterol in 8 ounces of trout.

Let x = the number of milligrams of cholesterol in 8 ounces of trout.

The first ratio is

56 milligrams x milligrams and the second ratio is . 8 ounces 3 1 ounces 2 56 31 2 x . 8

Thus, we must solve the proportion

Convert the mixed fraction to an improper fraction. The proportion has become

1 2

3 2 2

7 2

56 7 2

x 8

Calculate the cross products, and equate them.

7 x 56 8 2 7 x 2 448

7 To solve for x, divide by 2 .

448

7 2

448 2 1 7

896 7

896 7

x 128 mg of cholesterol

Always remember to include the appropriate units in your answer.

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Example 1: A single tablet of One-A-Day Vitamin for men contains 60 milligrams of Vitamin C. How many milligrams of vitamin C are in 4 tablets of One-A-Day Vitamin?

Step 1: Assign a variable to the unknown quantity.

Let n = the number of mg. of Vitamin C in 4 tablets.

Step 2: Write the first ratio based on known information: one tablet contains 60 milligrams of Vitamin C.

1 tablet 60 mg

Step 3: Write the second ratio with the unknown quantity. Make sure that the units of the respective numerators match and the units of the respective denominators match.

4 tablets n mg

Step 4: Write a proportion.

1 60

4 n

Step 5: Solve the proportion for the variable by equating cross products.

1 n 4 60
1n
n

240
240 1 240 1 240

There are 240 milligrams of vitamin C in 4 tablets of One-A-Day Vitamin.

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Example 2: To make pink lemonade, Bruce mixes 36 grams of pink lemonade powder with 5 quarts of water. How much pink lemonade powder would be needed to mix with 15 quarts of water?

Step 1: Assign a variable to the unknown quantity.

Let n = the number of grams of powder for 15 quarts of water.

Step 2: Write the first ratio based on known information: 36 grams of powder are needed for 5 quarts of water.

36 grams 5 quarts

Step 3: Write the second ratio with the unknown quantity. Make sure that the units of the respective numerators match and the units of the respective denominators match.

n grams 15 quarts

Step 4: Write a proportion.

36 5

n 15

Step 5: Solve the proportion for the variable by equating cross products.

5 n 36 15

5n 540
n 540 5 540 5 108

Bruce needs 108 grams of pink lemonade powder to mix with 15 quarts of water.

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Example 3: Water is pumped out of a basement at a rate of 140 gallons per hour. How many hours will it take to pump 2030 gallons of water out of the basement?

Step 1: Assign a variable to the unknown quantity.

Let n = the number of hours to pump out 2030 gallons of water.

Step 2: Write the first ratio based on known information: 140 gallons of water are pumped out in 1 hour.

140 gallons 1 hour

Step 3: Write the second ratio with the unknown quantity. Make sure that the units of the respective numerators match and the units of the respective denominators match.

2030 gallons n hours

Step 4: Write a proportion.

140 1

2030 n

Step 5: Solve the proportion for the variable by equating cross products.

140 n 2030 1
140n 2030
n 2030 140 2030 140 14.5

It will take 14.5 hours to pumps out 2030 gallons of water.

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Example 4: There are 36 grams of fat in an 8-ounce steak. How many grams of fat are there in a 12-ounce steak?

Step 1: Assign a variable to the unknown quantity.

Let n = the number of grams of fat in a 12-ounce steak.

Step 2: Write the first ratio based on known information: there are 36 grams of fat in an 8-ounce steak.

36 grams of fat 8 ounces of steak

Step 3: Write the second ratio with the unknown quantity. Make sure that the units of the respective numerators match and the units of the respective denominators match.

n grams of fat 12 ounces of steak

Step 4: Write a proportion.

36 8

n 12

Step 5: Solve the proportion for the variable by equating cross products.

8 n 36 12
8n
n

432
432 8 432 8 54

There are 54 grams of fat in a 12-ounce steak.

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Example 5: You need to combine 98 grams of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and 80 grams of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce sodium sulfate (a kind of chemical salt). How many grams of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) would you need to combine with 20 grams of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce sodium sulfate?

Step 1: Assign a variable to the unknown quantity.

Let n = the number of grams of H2SO4 to combine with 20 grams of NaOH.

Step 2: Write the first ratio based on known information: 98 grams of H2SO4 are needed for 80 grams of NaOH

98 grams of H 2 SO4 80 grams of NaOH

Step 3: Write the second ratio with the unknown quantity. Make sure that the units of the respective numerators match and the units of the respective denominators match.

n grams of H 2 SO4 20 grams of NaOH

Step 4: Write a proportion.

98 80

n 20

Step 5: Solve the proportion for the variable by equating cross products.

80 n 98 20 80n 1960
n 1960 1960 80 24.5 80

24.5 grams of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) are needed to combine with 20 grams of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce sodium sulfate.

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5.5 Application Exercises Solve the following proportions. 1. Harrys truck gets 23 miles per gallon of gasoline. If his truck has 4 gallons of gasoline, how far can the truck go? 2. Barry wants to make a 720-ounce solution with 3 parts water, 4 parts alcohol, and 5 parts glucose. How many ounces of each substance would he use to make the solution? 3. On a map, 3 inches represents 8 miles. How many inches will represent a distance of 48 miles? 4. On a map, 2 cm represents 3 kilometers. How many kilometers are represented by 15 cm? 5. A nurse has to give a patient a dose of medication. The dosage says 3 ml of medication for a 150-pound person. If the person weighs 200 pounds, how many milliliters of medication is the person to receive? 6. Four milligrams of a drug are to be given for every 10 kilograms of body weight. Find the weight of a person requiring 25 milligrams of the drug. 7. To make one pound of lemonade mix you need 120 grams of sugar. How much sugar do you need for 2 pounds of mix? How much sugar do you need for 0.5 pounds of mix? 8. A nurse has to give a child a dose of Tylenol. The dosage says 2 teaspoons of medication for a 50-pound child. If the child weighs 75 pounds, how many teaspoons of medication should the child receive? 9. A recipe calls for teaspoon of salt for every cup of flour. How much salt should be used for 5 cups of flour? 10. A baker can make 72 cookies using 4 cups of flour. How many cups of flour are needed to make 288 cookies? 11. Three ounces of a chemical are needed to treat 25 ounces of water. How many ounces of the chemical are needed to treat 100 ounces of water? 12. To make 4 moles of water, 2 moles of oxygen gas are needed. How many moles of water can you make with 21 moles of oxygen gas? 13. A child care center advertises that it has a ratio of 2 caregivers for every 9 children. If there are 6 caregivers, how many children are at the child care center?

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14. A college has a ratio of 2 male students for every 3 female students. If there are 5322 male students at the college, how many female students attend the college? 15. An office assistant can type 525 words in 5 minutes. At this rate, how many words can the office assistant type in 20 minutes? 16. A baseball player gets 36 hits in 90 times at bat. At this rate, how many hits should he get in 250 times at bat? 17. There are 45 mg of cholesterol in 2 ounces of egg substitute. How many mg of cholesterol are there in 3 ounces of egg substitute? 18. There are 18 grams of fat in a 4-ounce steak. How many grams of fat are there in a 6-ounce steak? 19. At the grocery store, a 16-ounce bag of rice costs $2.34, and a 24-ounce bag of rice costs $3.42. Which is the better buy? 20. At a warehouse store, you can purchase 60 cans of soda for $8.95. At a regular grocery store, you can purchase 12 cans of soda for $1.85. Which is the better deal?

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5.5 Proportion Application Exercises Answers 1. 92 miles; Harry will be able to go 92 miles on 4 gallons of gas 2. 180 ounces of water, 240 ounces of alcohol, and 300 ounces of glucose 3. 18 inches; 18 inches will represent 24 miles on a map 4. 22.5 km; 22.5 km will represent 3 cm on a map 5. 4 ml; the nurse will give the person 4 milliliters of medication 6. 62.5 kg; 25 mg will be given to a person who weighs 62.5 kg 7. 240 g (for 2 pounds of mix); 60g (for 0.5 pounds of mix) 8. 3 tsps; 3 tsps of Tylenol are given to a person weighing 75 lbs 9. 2.5 tsps; 2.5 tsps of salt will be used for 5 cups of flour 10. 16 cups; 16 cups of flour are needed to make 288 cookies 11. 12 ounces of chemical; 12 ounces of chemical are needed for 100 ounces of water 12. 42 moles of water; 42 moles of water can make 21 moles of gas 13. 27 children; 27 children are at the childcare 14. 7983 female students; 7983 female students attend the college 15. 2100 words; the office assistant can type 2100 words in 20 minutes 16. 100 hits; the player can get 100 hits in 250 times at bat 17. 67.5 mg; there are 67.5 milligrams of cholesterol in 3 ounces of egg substitute 18. 27 grams of fat; there are 27 grams of fat in a 6-ounce steak 19. The 16-ounce bag is $.146/oz and the 24-ounce bag is $.142/oz; therefore, the 24-ounce bag is the better buy. 20. The 60 cans are $.149/can, the 12 cans are $.154 /can; therefore, the 60 cans are the better deal.

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