Bridges

CF-AB - Technical Information/2004
BRIDGES
STRENGTH IN PEOPLE: STRENGTH IN CONCRETE
INDEX TRAPEZOID GIRDER
SECTION I -
NU GIRDERS
SECTION II -
TRAPEZOIDAL GIRDERS
SECTION III -
I- GIRDERS
SECTION IV -
BOX GIRDERS
INDEX TRAPEZOID GIRDERS
2.1
INTRODUCTION TRAPEZOID GIRDER
INTRODUCTION The contents of this technical information handbook have been prepared by Con-Force Structures Limited to assist designers and those responsible for the bridge stock of Western Canada. As the prime manufacturer of pre-cast concrete bridge beams in the Western provinces, Con-Force has recognized its responsibility to assist professionals by providing data for readily available sections together with simple load/span charts to help speedy evaluation of proposed section sizes. Con-Force introduced the N.U. Girder to Canada in 1999 and has assisted to progress the development of girders up to 2800 deep and to date, a length of 64.5 m. The problems associated with handling, storage, transportation and erection of deep slender girders have been resolved by the Con-Force in-house Engineering/Erection departments. Information relating to temporary stiffining associated with long girders can be provided upon request. The data presented is based upon Con-Forces understanding of the requirements of the various codes and standards which have been referenced in the text. Con-Force can not be responsible for differing interpretation used by others.
INTRODUCTION TRAPEZOID GIRDERS
2.1
ii
NU GIRDERS
NU GIRDER SPAN CAPABILITY
INTRODUCTION
Designers have experienced limitations when using traditional existing precast, prestressed concrete I-girders. Existing sections were not well proportioned to take advantage of high strength concrete and 0.6 strand. To take advantage of advances in precast concrete technology, Con-Force has recently introduced the NU girder. The girder has been already used on a number of projects. The NU girder has a wide bottom flange to enhance the compressive strength in negative moment regions for continuous span designs, and to allow placement of a large number of strands in the bottom flange for simple span designs. The relatively long span capability and shallow depth of the NU girder makes it an economical alternative in situations previously reserved for structural steel girder systems.
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Concrete
The high level of prestressing will normally require the use of high strength concrete. The span capability diagrams were developed using a 28-day concrete strength of fc = 65 MPa. The unit weight of concrete was assumed to be 2400 kg/m3. The concrete may contain silica fume with air entrainment of 5 to 7%. The modulus of elasticity of concrete was calculated using the formula:
E c = 3000 f c' + 6900 c 2300
1.5
The minimum release strength assumed was 42 MPa. Where there are two dashed lines in the charts, they represent limits for 42 MPa and 47 MPa release strength. Any point on a chart above the 42 MPa line indicates a situation where the release strength has to be higher than 42 MPa due to handling stress limitations. This situation would require special mix designs which may increase the cost. The concrete deck 28-day strength was assumed to be 35 MPa.
NU GIRDERS
1.1
Prestressing Strand
The prestressing strand is 15 mm in diameter, uncoated, seven-wire, low relaxation strand, meeting the requirements of CSA Standard G279, Grade 1860, with an area of 140 mm2. The initial jacking force is
Number Of Strands 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64
Yp[mm] 60 65 73 78 82 85 93 99 106 116 131 152 176
70% A p f pu = 182kN .
The adjacent table lists the height above the soffit, at midspan, of the total prestressing force, for the different number of strands in the bottom flange that were used in the calculations. The 2800 mm deep girder uses up to an additional 8 15 mm strands in the top flange to control the lateral stability of the girder at handling and transportation. End stresses were not checked for all span conditions indicated in the charts . Stresses may be controlled by debonding and/or deflecting selected strands at the end of the girders.
Post-Tensioning
68 203 NU girders may be post-tensioned to form continuous beams. Reference should be made to CAN/CSA-S6-00. When post -tensioning is included, a web width of 185 mm shall be used. For long span post-tensioned bridges, oiled strand (using approved corrosion inhibiting oil) may lead to decreased friction coefficients. Con-Force has experience constructing bridge beams with oiled post-tensioning strand.
DESIGN CRITERIA
The span capability charts were developed in accordance with the CAN/CSA-S600 Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code. Simple spans were assumed for all loads. The calculations were done for interior girders. A CL 800 truck load was used, including a 25% dynamic load allowance. A uniformly distributed load of 9 kN/m, that is 3.0 m wide was used as a lane load, superimposed with a CL 800 truck, with each axle reduced to 80%.
Truck Load
Lane Load
1.2
CON-FORCE STRUCTURES LIMITED
Dead Loads Dead loads considered to act on the untopped section are: Superimosed Dead Loads Dead loads considered to act on the topped section are: Lanes A lane width of 3.3 m was used in the calculations. The width of the bridge was calculated as: (number of lanes x lane width) + 2 x 0.5 m The multi-lane reduction factor was used. (CAN/CSA-S6-00, Clause 3.8.4.2) Prestress Losses The following average values of prestress losses were assumed: Initial Losses = 8 % Final Losses = 20 % 90 mm thick asphalt, railing and curbs (13 kN/m total load per bridge) girder self weight, 75 mm thick haunch 225 mm thick deck cross bracing (0.5 kN/m per girder)
Allowable Stresses (Service)
Tension stresses at the bottom of the section at midspan are limited to Compressive stress is not limited at service, although the ratio to 0.5 .
0.4 f c .
c d p is limited
Allowable Stresses (at Release and Handling)
Tension stresses are limited to
0.5 f cri (CAN/CSA-S6-00, Clause 8.8.4.6). . 0.6 f ci
Compressive stresses are limited to
NU GIRDERS
1.3
NU GIRDER 2800 x 160 *
GIRDER DIMENSIONS & SECTION PROPERTIES
SPAN CAPABILITY DIAGRAM **

68
Girder Spacing [m] f`ci*** = 42 MPa 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.235
Number of 15 mm Diam. Strands
64 60 56 52 48 44 40 36 32 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
Simple Span [m]

NOTES: * (Girder depth) x (Web width) ** Based on 0.4 (f'c)1/2 allowable tension at midspan. *** Concrete release strength.
1.4

68
Girder Spacing [m] 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.26
64 60 56 52 48 44 40 36 32 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
Simple Span [m]

NOTES: * (Girder depth) x (Web width) ** Based on 0.4 (f'c)1/2 allowable tension at midspan.
NU GIRDERS
1.5

68
64 60 56 52 48 44 40 36 32 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
f`ci*** = 42 MPa
65
Simple Span [m]

1.6

68
Girder Spacing [m] f`ci*** = 47 MPa f`ci*** = 42 MPa 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.26
64 60 56 52 48 44 40 36 32 30 35
40
45
50
55
60
65
Simple Span [m]

NU GIRDERS 1.7

64
Girder Spacing [m] f`ci *** = 47 MPa 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.235
60 56 52 48 44 40 36 32 28 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
f`ci*** = 42 MPa
60
Simple Span [m]

1.8

64
60 56 52 48 44 40 36 32 28 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Simple Span [m]

NU GIRDERS 1.9

56
52 48 44 40 36 32 28 24 20 20 25
f`ci*** = 42 MPa
30
35
40
45
50
Simple Span [m]

1.10

56
52 48 44 40 36 32 28 24 20 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Simple Span [m]

NU GIRDERS 1.11

52
Girder Spacing [m] 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.235
48 44 40 36 32 28 24 20 16 15 20
f`ci *** = 47 MPa
f`ci*** = 42 MPa
25
30
35
40
Simple Span [m]

1.12 CON-FORCE STRUCTURES LIMITED

52
48 44 40 36 32 28 24 20 16 15 20 25 30 35 40
f`ci*** = 42 MPa
Simple Span [m]

NU GIRDERS
1.13
NU GIRDER STRAND DETAIL
NU GIRDER END REINFORCING WITH DEFLECTED STRAND
1.14
NU GIRDER REINFORCING WITH POSTTENSIONING (NEAR MIDSPAN)
NU GIRDERS
1.15
1.16
NU GIRDER BRACING DETAIL
STEEL BRACING (DIAPHRAGM) CONNECTION TO TOP FLANGE OF NU GIRDER
STEEL BRACING (DIAPHRAGM) CONNECTION TO BOTTOM FLANGE OF NU GIRDER
NU GIRDERS
1.17
NU GIRDER BEARING DETAIL
BEARING DETAIL 1 (FIXED BEARING)
1.18
BEARING DETAIL 2 (SLIDING BEARING)
NU GIRDERS
1.19
BEARING DETAIL 3 (NARROW JOINT)
1.20
TRAPEZOIDAL GIRDERS
TRAPEZOID GIRDER DESIGN
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Concrete The span capability diagrams were developed using a 28-day minimum concrete strength of fc = 65 MPa. The unit weight of concrete was assumed to be 2400 kg/m3. The concrete may contain silica fume with air entrainment of 5 to 7%. The modulus of elasticity of concrete was calculated using the formula:
E c = 3000 f + 6900 c 2300

' c
1.5
The minimum concrete release strength was assumed to be 42 MPa. The concrete deck minimum 28-day strength was assumed to be 35 MPa. Prestressing Strand The prestressing strand is 15 mm in diameter, uncoated, seven-wire, low relaxation strand, meeting the requirements of CSA Standard G279, Grade 1860, with an area of 140 mm2. The initial jacking force is 70% A p f pu = 182kN . The height of the prestressing force centre above soffit was assumed to be 85 mm. End stresses were not checked for all span conditions. They may be controlled by debonding selected strands at the ends of the girders.
DESIGN CRITERIA
The span capability charts were developed in accordance with the CAN/CSA-S6-00 Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code. Simple spans were assumed for all loads. The calculations were done for interior girders. A CL 800 truck load was used, including a 25% dynamic load allowance. A uniformly distributed load of 9 kN/m, that is 3.0 m wide was used as a lane load, superimposed with a CL 800 truck, with each axle reduced to 80%.
Truck Load
Lane Load
TRAPEZOID GIRDERS
2.1
TRAPEZOID GIRDER DESIGN
Dead Loads
Dead loads considered to act on the untopped section included: girder self weight, 75 mm thick haunch, 225 mm thick deck, cross bracing (0.5 kN/m per girder).
Superimposed Dead Loads
Dead loads considered to act on the topped section included: 90 mm thick asphalt, railing and curbs (13 kN/m total load per bridge),
Lanes
A lane width of 3.3 m was used in the calculations. The width of the bridge was calculated as: (number of lanes x lane width) + 2 x 0.5 m The multi lane reduction factor was used. (CAN/CSA-S6-00, Clause 3.8.4.2) The following average prestress losses were assumed: Initial losses = 8 % Final Losses = 20 %
Prestress Losses
Tension stresses at the bottom of the section at midspan are limited to
0.4 f c .
Compressive stress is not limited at service, although the ratio c/dp is limited to 0.5.
Tension stresses are limited to 0.5 f cri (CAN/CSA-A6-00, Clause 8.8.4.6). Compressive stresses are limited to
. 0.6 f ci
2.2
TRAPEZOID GIRDER 1650 *
A Ix yb w
= 1052.6 x 10 3 mm 2 = 370.6 x 10 9 mm 4 = 797 mm = 24.78 kN/m
V/S = 91 mm
= 2400 kg/m 3

56
Girder Spacing [m] 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 40
Number of 15 m m Diam. Strands
52 48 44 40 36 32 28 24 20 17.5 20 22.5 25 27.5 30 32.5
Simple Span [m]

NOTES: * Trapezoid Girder Depth ** Based on 0.4 (f'c)1/2 allowable tension at midspan.
TRAPEZOID GIRDERS
2.3
A Ix yb w
= 1140.4 x 10 3 mm 2 = 474.9 x 10 9 mm 4 = 888 mm = 26.85 kN/m = 2400 kg/m 3
V/S = 95 mm

Girder Spacing [m] 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0
56
Num ber of 15 m m Diam . Strands
52 48 44 40 36 32 28 24 20 17.5 20 22.5 25 27.5 30 32.5 35
Simple Span [m]

NOTE: *Trapezoid Girder Depth ** Based on 0.4 (f'c)1/2 allowable tension at midspan.
2.4
A Ix yb w
= 1254.6 x 10 3 m m 2 = 631.0 x 10 9 m m 4 = 1003 m m = 29.54 kN /m = 2400 kg/m 3
V /S = 98 m m

Girder Spacing [m] 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0
56
52 48 44 40 36 32 28 24 20 20 22.5 25 27.5 30 32.5 35
Simple Span [m]

NOTE: * Trapezoid Girder Depth ** Based on 0.4 (f'c)1/2 allowable tension at midspan.
TRAPEZOID GIRDERS 2.5
A Ix yb w
= 1364.2 x 10 3 mm 2 = 819.3 x 10 9 mm 4 = 1122 mm = 32.12 kN/m = 2400 kg/m 3
V/S = 102 mm

Girder Spacing [m] 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0
56
52 48 44 40 36 32 28 24 20 20 22.5 25 27.5 30 32.5 35 37.5
Simple Span [m]

NOTE: * Trapezoid Girder Depth ** Based on 0.4 (f'c)1/2 allowable tension at midspan.
2.6
TRAPEZOID GIRDER STRAND AND REINFORCING DETAILS
TYPICAL FLANGE REINFORCING DETAIL
TRAPEZOID GIRDERS
2.7
TRAPEZOID GIRDER CONNECTION DETAIL
2.8
I - GIRDERS
I-GIRDER SPAN CAPABILITY DIAGRAMS
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Concrete
The high level of prestressing will normally require the use of high strength concrete. The span capability diagrams were developed using a 28-day minimum concrete strength of fc = 65 MPa. The unit weight of concrete was assumed to be 2400 kg/m3. The modulus of elasticity of concrete was calculated using the formula:
E c = 3000 f + 6900 c 2300

' c
1.5
The deck 28-day minimum strength was assumed to be 35 MPa. Prestressing Strand The prestressing strand is 13 mm in diameter, uncoated, seven-wire, low relaxation strand, meeting the requirements of CSA Standard G279, Grade 1860, with an area of 99 mm2. The initial jacking force is 70% A p f pu = 129kN . The table on the following page lists the height above the soffit, at midspan, of the total prestressing force, for the different number of strands that were used in the calculations. End stresses were not checked for all span conditions indicated in the charts. Stresses may be controlled by debonding and/or deflecting selected strands at the end of the girders. DESIGN CRITERIA The span capability charts were developed in accordance with the CAN/CSA-S600 Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code. Simple spans were assumed for all loads. The calculations were done for interior girders. A CL 800 truck load was used, including a 25% dynamic load allowance. A uniformly distributed load of 9 kN/m, that is 3.0 m wide was used as a lane load, superimposed with a CL 800 truck, with each axle reduced to 80%. Dead loads considered to act on the untopped section included: girder self weight 75 mm thick haunch 225 mm thick deck cross bracing (0.5 kN/m per girder)
Truck Load Lane Load
Dead Loads
3.1
Girder Depth [mm] 914 # of Strands 6 9 12 15 18 21 Yp [mm] 51 68 77 92 105 117 1118 # of Strands 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 Yp [mm] 51 55 67 82 85 104 110 1295 / 1473 # of Strands 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 Yp [mm] 51 62 79 83 90 122 126 1727 # of Strands 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 Yp [mm] 55 74 79 96 97 117 121 140 160 163 2000 # of Strands 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 Yp [mm] 81 97 100 106 122 125 132 148 154 172 2300 / 2750 # of Strands 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 Yp [mm] 115 137 161 160 182 204 204 227 227 251
Superimposed Dead Loads
Dead loads considered to act on the topped section included: 90 mm thick asphalt railing and curbs (13 kN/m total load per bridge)
Lanes
A lane width of 3.3 m was used in the calculations. The width of the bridge was calculated as: (number of lanes x lane width) + 2 x 0.5 m The multi-lane reduction factor was used (CAN/CSA-S6-00, Clause 3.8.4.2).
Prestress Losses
The following prestress losses were used: Initial losses = 8 % Final Losses = 20 %
Tension stresses at the bottom of the section at midspan are limited to
0.4 f c .
Compressive stress is not limited at service, although the ratio c/dp is limited to 0.5. Tension stresses are limited to 0.5 fcri (CAN/CSA-A6-00, Clause 8.8.4.6). Compressive stresses are limited to

3.2
. 0.6 f ci
I-GIRDER 2750 *
A Ix Iy yb
= 782.7 x 10 3mm 2 = 854.8 x 10 9 mm 4 = 42.5 x 10 9 mm 4 = 1438 mm
V/S = 84.9 mm b w = 150 mm w = 18.43 kN/m = 2400 kg/m 3

68
Girder Spacing [m] 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5
64 60 56 52 48 44 40 36 32 30 35 40 45 50 55
Simple Span [m]

NOTE: * Girder Depth ** Based on 0.4 (f'c)1/2 allowable tension at midspan.
I-GIRDER SPAN CAPABILITY DIAGRAMS 3.3
I-GIRDER 2300 *
A I
x
= = = = = = =
6 5 2 .7 x 1 0 3 m m 4 8 3 .9 x 1 0 2 1 .7 x 1 0 1112 m m 8 8 .0 m m 150 m m 1 5 .3 7 k N /m 2 4 0 0 k g /m
3 9 9
2 4
mm
4
Iy yb bw w
mm
V /S =

68
Girder Spacing [m] 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0
64 60 56 52 48 44 40 36 32 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Simple Span [m]

3.4
I-GIRDER 2000 *
A Ix Iy yb bw w
= = = = = = =
5 2 8 .6 x 1 0 3 m m 2 9 1 .7 x 1 0 1 3 .6 x 1 0 8 2 .2 m m 140 m m 1 2 .4 5 k N /m 2 4 0 0 k g /m
3 9 9
2 4
mm
4
mm
9 5 1 .6 m m
V /S =

60
Girder Spacing [m]
f`ci = 42 MPa***
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5 1.0
56 52 48 44 40 36 32 28 24 20 25 30 35 40 45
50
Simple Span [m]

NOTE: * Girder Depth ** Based on 0.4 (f'c)1/2 allowable tension at midspan. *** Concrete release strength.
I-GIRDER 1727 *
A I I
x y
= = = = = = =
4 3 3 .1 x 1 0 3 m m 1 7 7 .7 x 1 0 9 .8 x 1 0
9 9
2 4
mm
4
mm
yb bw w
7 9 2 .2 m m 7 6 .6 m m 127 m m 1 0 .2 0 k N /m 2 4 0 0 k g /m
3
V /S =

50
Girder Spacing [m] 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0
46 42 38 34 30 26 22 18 14 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
f`ci =42 MPa***
Simple Span [m]

NOTE: * Girder Depth ** Based on 0.4 (f'c)1/2 allowable tension at midspan. *** Concrete release strength.
I-GIRDER 1473 *
A I I
x y
= = = = = = =
3 4 0 .0 x 1 0 3 m m 9 8 .6 x 1 0 5 .7 x 1 0 6 9 .6 m m 127 m m 8 .0 1 k N / m 2 4 0 0 k g /m
3 9
mm
4 4
9 m m
yb bw w
6 8 6 .3 m m
V /S =

34
Girder Spacing [m] 2.2 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.00
30 26 22 18 14 10 17.5 20 22.5 25 27.5 30 32.5 35
Simple Span [m]

I-GIRDER 1295 *

A Ix Iy yb = 304.4 x 10 3 m m 2 = 66.0 x 10 9 m m 4 = 4.75 x 10 9 m m = 575.2 m m
4
V /S = 70.3 m m b w = 127 m m w = 7.17 kN /m = 2400 kg/m 3

34
Girder Spacing [m] 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.00
30
26
22 18
14
10 15 17.5 20 22.5 25 27.5 30 32.5
Simple Span [m]

I-GIRDER 1118 *

A Ix Iy yb = 268.9 x 10 3 mm 2 = 41.1 x 10 9 mm 4
9 = 4.1 x 10 mm 4
= 467.3 mm
V/S = 71.2 mm b w = 127 mm w = 6.33 kN/m = 2400 kg/m 3

32
Girder Spacing [m] 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.00
28
24
20 16
12
8 15 17.5 20 22.5 25 27.5 30
Simple Span [m]

I-GIRDER 914 *
= 198.5 x 10 3mm2
I x = 19.8 x 10 9 mm4 I y = 2.05 x 10 9 mm 4 yb = 396.8 mm V/S = 63.5 mm bw = 127 mm w = 4.68 kN/m = 2400 kg/m3

21
Girder Spacing [m] 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.7
18
15
12
6 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25
Simple Span [m]

I-GIRDER STRAND DETAIL
3.11
I-GIRDER STRAND DETAIL
3.12
BOX GIRDERS
SINGLE BOX GIRDER DESIGN CRITERIA
DESIGN
CAN/CSA S6-M Specifications. LOADING (assumed for the charts) LIVE LOAD CL 800 DEAD LOAD Includes: 100 mm min. composite concrete overlay 50 mm allowance for future wearing surface
MATERIALS
Minimum compressive strength for girders: 28 days = 45 MPa release = 28 MPa.
Concrete shall be of standard weight aggregate with a maximum size of 14 mm and shall contain 6% 1% entrained air. Prestressing strand shall be 15mm (7 wire) uncoated low relaxation strand, 1860 MPa grade. Reinforcing steel shall conform to CSA G30.12M grade 400W.
FABRICATION
Initial tensioning shall be 182 kN per 15 mm strand. Reinforcing bars shall have 35 mm minimum cover unless otherwise noted. Lateral post-tensioning may be provided at diaphragm locations. Top of boxes shall have a transverse raked finish. Dowel holes and shear keys shall be filled with an approved grout.
BOX GIRDERS
4.1
SINGLE BOX GIRDER SPAN CAPABILITY
PRECAST SECTION PROPERTIES AND SPAN RANGE SECTION SELF DEPTH WEIGHT [kN/m]* 900 10.86 1100 12.12 1300 13.37 1300S 14.32 A [mm2] 432700 482700 532700 570400 I x 109 [mm4] 46.9 77.7 118.1 128.6
3
Sb x 106 [mm3] 101.5 137.5 177.0 203.9
Yb [mm] 462 565 667 631 20
SPAN RANGE [m] 25 30 35 40
3 *Based ona aconcrete concrete density of 2400 kg/ * Based on density of 2500 kg/m .m
4.2
DOUBLE BOX GIRDER DESIGN CRITERIA
DESIGN
CAN/CSA S6-M Specifications LOADING (assumed for the charts) LIVE LOAD CL 800 DEAD LOAD Includes: 100 mm min. composite concrete overlay 50 mm allowance for future wearing surface
MATERIAL
Concrete shall be of standard weight aggregate with a maximum size of 14 mm, and shall contain 6%; +/- 1% entrained air. Prestressing strand shall be 15mm (7 wire) uncoated low relaxation strand, 1860 MPa grade. Reinforcing steel shall conform to CSA G30.12M grade 400W.
FABRICATION
Initial tensioning shall be 182 kN per 15 mm strand. Reinforcing bars shall have 35 mm minimum cover unless otherwise noted. Lateral post-tensioning shall be provided at diaphragm locations. Top of boxes shall have a transverse raked finish. Dowel holes and shear keys shall be filled with an approved grout.
BOX GIRDERS
4.3
DOUBLE BOX GIRDER SPAN CAPABILITY
PRECAST SECTION PROPERTIES AND SPAN RANGE SECTION SELF A DEPTH WEIGHT 2 [kN/m]* [mm ] 500 8.64 352035 600 9.42 384035 700 10.2 416035 I x 109 [mm4] 10.4 16.9 25.3 Sb x 106 [mm3] 41.0 55.3 70.9 Yb [mm] 254 306 357 11 SPAN RANGE [m] 13 15 17 19
* Based on a concrete density of 2500 kg/m 3.
*Based on a concrete density of 2400 kg/m3
4.4
SASKATCHEWAN BOX GIRDER DESIGN CRITERA
DESIGN
CAN/CSA S6-M Specifications. LOADING (assumed for the charts) LIVE LOAD CL 800 DEAD LOAD Includes 50 mm asphalt
MATERIALS
Concrete shall be of standard weight aggregate with a maximum size of 14 mm and shall contain 6% 1% entrained air. Concrete may contain 5% silica fume. Prestressing strand shall conform to the requirements of CSA Standard G279M, grade 1860, low relaxation. Reinforcing steel shall be fabricated from deformed bars conforming to the requirements of CSA Standard G30.18 400W.
FABRICATION
Initial tensioning shall be 182 kN per 15 mm strand. Construction procedures shall conform to Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation Specification 7800. Exterior face of exterior stringers shall be finished to a smooth and uniform colour and texture. Other surfaces shall have all pockets filled and all fins removed. Top shall have a broom finish. All voids shall be formed with Norlux Fibre-Forms or equivalent.
BOX GIRDERS
4.5
SASKATCHEWAN BOX GIRDER SPAN CAPABILITY
PRECAST SECTION PROPERTIES AND SPAN RANGE SECTION SELF DEPTH WEIGHT [kN/m]* 535 9.75 635 10.69 710 11.27 A [mm2] 397388 435988 459438 I x 109 [mm4] 13.5 21.3 29.6 Sb x 106 [mm3] 49.3 65.5 82.6 Yb [mm] 273 325 359 10 SPAN RANGE [m] 12 14 16 18
*Based on a concrete density of 2400 kg/m3 3 * Based on a concrete density of 2500 kg/m .
4.6
SC GIRDER DESIGN CRITERIA
DESIGN
CAN/CSA S6-88 Specifications except as modified below. Allowable tension at midspan is 40% of modulus of rupture (severe exposure conditions). No tension is allowed in deck surface.
LOADING (assumed for the charts) LIVE LOAD CAN/CSA S6-88; CS-750 0.8 wheel line per girder DEAD LOAD Girder = 0.86 t/m Wearing Surface = 0.09 t/m
MATERIALS
Concrete shall contain silica fume. Concrete for the interior girders should be made of lightweight coarse aggregate and natural sand fines. Unit weight of semi-lightweight concrete shall be 1920 kg/m3. Concrete for the curb girders should be normal weight concrete. 28 day concrete strength is 45 MPa. Release concrete strength is 28 MPa. Reinforcing steel shall be grade 400W (yield strength of grade 300W used in design to allow tack welding of shear reinforcing). Prestressing strand is 13 mm diameter 7 wire low relaxation strand with a specified tensile strength of 1860 MPa.
FABRICATION
Girders shall conform to the current requirements of the Specifications for Bridge Construction, Section 7 Precast Concrete Units. Force in prestressing strand: Initial tensioning load = 129 kN / strand Design load after losses = 113 kN/strand
Bend or shift reinforcing where required to clear girder connectors and lifting hook assemblies. Stirrup spacing is to be maintained. Curb shall be cast monolithically with girder.
BOX GIRDERS
4.7
SC GIRDER SPAN CAPABILITY
PRECAST SECTION PROPERTIES AND SPAN RANGE ** SELF WEIGHT [kN/m]* SC 1206X510 11.45 SC CURB 10.22 SECTION A [mm2] 466994 416569
3
Ixx x 109 Sb x 106 [mm4] 12.7 23.9 [mm3] 49.5 64.9
Yb [mm] 256 369 6
SPAN RANGE [m] 8 10 12
on a a concrete concrete density density of * *Based Based on of 2400 2500 kg/m kg/m 3. **Section properties are of the section including all holes ** Section properties are of the section including all holes.
BRIDGE CROSSSECTION
GIRDER SECTION
CURB SECTION 1
CURB SECTION 2
4.8
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Edmonton Office Location 16910 - 129th Avenue Edmonton, AB T5V 1L1 Ph: 780-447-2666 Fax: 780-447-1116
Vancouver Office & Plant 7900 Nelson Road Richmond, BC V6W 1G4 Ph: 604-278-9766 Fax: 604-278-3537 Mailing Address: PO Box 9520 Vancouver, BC V6B 4G3
Winnipeg Office & Plant 2500 Ferrier Street Winnipeg, MB R2P 0G8 Ph: 204-338-9311 Fax: 204-336-5217 Mailing Address: PO Box 3599 RPO Winnipeg, MB R2W 3R4

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CF-AB - Technical Information/2004

STRENGTH IN PEOPLE: STRENGTH IN CONCRETE

INDEX TRAPEZOID GIRDER

INDEX TRAPEZOID GIRDERS

INTRODUCTION TRAPEZOID GIRDER

INTRODUCTION TRAPEZOID GIRDERS

NU GIRDER SPAN CAPABILITY

E c = 3000 f c' + 6900 c 2300

NU GIRDER SPAN CAPABILITY

Yp[mm] 60 65 73 78 82 85 93 99 106 116 131 152 176

CON-FORCE STRUCTURES LIMITED

NU GIRDER SPAN CAPABILITY

Allowable Stresses (Service)

Allowable Stresses (at Release and Handling)

Tension stresses are limited to

0.5 f cri (CAN/CSA-S6-00, Clause 8.8.4.6). . 0.6 f ci

Compressive stresses are limited to

NU GIRDER 2800 x 160 *

GIRDER DIMENSIONS & SECTION PROPERTIES

SPAN CAPABILITY DIAGRAM **

Number of 15 mm Diam. Strands

Simple Span [m]

CON-FORCE STRUCTURES LIMITED

NU GIRDER 2800 x 185 *

GIRDER DIMENSIONS & SECTION PROPERTIES

SPAN CAPABILITY DIAGRAM **

Number of 15 mm Diam. Strands

Simple Span [m]

NU GIRDER 2400 x 160 *

GIRDER DIMENSIONS & SECTION PROPERTIES

SPAN CAPABILITY DIAGRAM **

Number of 15 mm Diam. Strands

Simple Span [m]

CON-FORCE STRUCTURES LIMITED

NU GIRDER 2400 x 185 *

GIRDER DIMENSIONS & SECTION PROPERTIES

SPAN CAPABILITY DIAGRAM **

Number of 15 mm Diam. Strands

Simple Span [m]

NU GIRDER 2000 x 160 *

GIRDER DIMENSIONS & SECTION PROPERTIES

SPAN CAPABILITY DIAGRAM **

Number of 15 mm Diam. Strands

Simple Span [m]

CON-FORCE STRUCTURES LIMITED

NU GIRDER 2000 x 185 *

GIRDER DIMENSIONS & SECTION PROPERTIES

SPAN CAPABILITY DIAGRAM **

Number of 15 mm Diam. Strands

Simple Span [m]

NU GIRDER 1600 x 160 *

GIRDER DIMENSIONS & SECTION PROPERTIES

SPAN CAPABILITY DIAGRAM **

Number of 15 mm Diam. Strands

Simple Span [m]

CON-FORCE STRUCTURES LIMITED

NU GIRDER 1600 x 185 *

GIRDER DIMENSIONS & SECTION PROPERTIES

SPAN CAPABILITY DIAGRAM **

Number of 15 mm Diam. Strands

Simple Span [m]

NU GIRDER 1200 x 160 *

GIRDER DIMENSIONS & SECTION PROPERTIES

SPAN CAPABILITY DIAGRAM **