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  • Particle Physics Phenomenology 8. QCD Jets and Jet Algorithms

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    hikol
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    This document provides an overview of early jet finding algorithms and techniques used in particle physics experiments, including: 1) Sphericity and thrust measures were first used to study angular distributions in electron-positron collisions to determine quark spins and structure. 2) Clustering algorithms like LUCLUS, JADE, and the Durham k⊥ algorithm were developed to identify jets in events with additional gluon radiation. 3) At hadron colliders, cone algorithms were utilized to distinguish high-pT jets from beam jets, though these became problematic at higher energies. Modern clustering techniques were revived for the LHC.

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    This document provides an overview of early jet finding algorithms and techniques used in particle physics experiments, including: 1) Sphericity and thrust measures were first used to study angular distributions in electron-positron collisions to determine quark spins and structure. 2) Clustering algorithms like LUCLUS, JADE, and the Durham k⊥ algorithm were developed to identify jets in events with additional gluon radiation. 3) At hadron colliders, cone algorithms were utilized to distinguish high-pT jets from beam jets, though these became problematic at higher energies. Modern clustering techniques were revived for the LHC.

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    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    15 vizualizări6 pagini

    Particle Physics Phenomenology 8. QCD Jets and Jet Algorithms

    Încărcat de

    hikol
    This document provides an overview of early jet finding algorithms and techniques used in particle physics experiments, including: 1) Sphericity and thrust measures were first used to study angular distributions in electron-positron collisions to determine quark spins and structure. 2) Clustering algorithms like LUCLUS, JADE, and the Durham k⊥ algorithm were developed to identify jets in events with additional gluon radiation. 3) At hadron colliders, cone algorithms were utilized to distinguish high-pT jets from beam jets, though these became problematic at higher energies. Modern clustering techniques were revived for the LHC.

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    din 6

    Particle Physics Phenomenology 8.

    QCD jets and jet algorithms


    Torbj orn Sj ostrand
    Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics Lund University S olvegatan 14A, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden

    NBI, Copenhagen, 6 October 2011

    At the beginning was . . .


    Spear (SLAC): mid-70ies, e+ e qq should have 1 + cos2 angular distribution if quarks have spin 1/2. Solution: Sphericity. Fixed-target pp experiments study alignment of collision. Solution: Thrust. PETRA (DESY): early 80ies, e+ e qqg, establish g. First solution: extend Sphericity and Thrust families. Second solution: clustering algorithms, e.g. LUCLUS, JADE, Durham k . All rotationally symmetric. SppS (CERN): need to separate beam jets from highp ones. First solution: cone jets in (, ) space, e.g. UA1. (Second solution: clustering like Durham, but in (, ).) Tevatron (Fermilab): cone algorithms, increasingly messy. LHC: return of clustering with new safer and faster algorithms. Anti-k is infrared safe return to UA1 cone algorithm.
    Torbj orn Sj ostrand PPP 8: QCD jets and jet algorithms slide 2/6

    Sphericity
    View as eigenvector problem, e.g. rotation axes of irregular 3D body. Here spanned up by the pi of all particles in event. S ab =
    i

    pia pib a, b = x , y , z 2 i pi

    S ab has three eigenvalues 1 2 3 with 1 + 2 + 3 = 1. Sphericity S = 3 2 (2 + 3 ), 0 S 1. S = 0: two back-to-back pencil jets, e.g. e+ e + . S = 1: spherically symmetric distribution.
    3 3 , 0 A 1 Aplanarity A = 2 2. A = 0: all particles in one plane. A = 1/2: like S = 1.

    Problem: collinear unsafe! E.g. dierent answer if 0 counted as one or two particles.
    Torbj orn Sj ostrand PPP 8: QCD jets and jet algorithms slide 3/6

    Linearized Sphericity
    Collinear safe alternative, used in same way but with
    i

    Lab =

    pia pib |pi | a, b = x , y , z i |pi |

    No proper name: some confusion! Additional measures: C = 3(1 2 + 1 3 + 2 3 ) D = 271 2 3 used to characterize 3- and 4-jet topologies, respectively. (Linearized) Sphericity family not normally used in pp, since beam jets dominate structure. Solution: set all piz = 0 so only transverse structure studied. Modied S = 22 and no A.
    Torbj orn Sj ostrand PPP 8: QCD jets and jet algorithms slide 4/6

    Thrust
    Thrust is computationally more demanding optimization T = max
    i

    |n|=1

    |pi n| i |pi |

    with n for maximum is called Thrust axis. 1/2 < T < 1, with T = 0 for two back-to-back pencil jets and T = 1/2 for a spherically symmetric distribution. Major = Minor = max
    i

    |n |=1,n n=0 i

    |pi n | i |pi |

    |pi n | with n n = n n = 0 i |pi |

    Oblateness = Major Minor Major and Oblateness again useful for 3-jet structure, Minor for 4-jet one.
    Torbj orn Sj ostrand PPP 8: QCD jets and jet algorithms slide 5/6

    The rest of these lectures


    The jet algorithms developed by Salam, Cacciari, Soyez and collaborators have set the standard for LHC The FastJet package provides standard implementations of many algorithms, see http://fastjet.fr An excellent summary of algorithms and physics can be found in G. Salam, Towards Jetography, Eur. Phys. J. C67 (2010) 637 [arXiv:0906.1833 [hep-ph]] Two recent lectures can be downloaded from http://conference.ippp.dur.ac.uk/ conferenceOtherViews.py?confId=309 We will use (parts of) these in the following

    Torbj orn Sj ostrand

    PPP 8: QCD jets and jet algorithms

    slide 6/6

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