Biomedical engineering

Biotelemetry (or Medical Telemetry) involves the application of telemetry in the medical field to remotely monitor various vital signs of ambulatory patients. Wildlife Telemetry animal study in its natural habitat or environment.

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Biotelemetry system representation

From Hara, M.S.

Research fields
Biomedical Instrumentation
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Electrosurgery Active Sensor Others Resonant

Biotelemetry Passive Sensor Linear Circuits Nonresonant

Others Others Nonlinear Circuits ICs

Discrete

Some developed works :

Monitoring or measurement of: Internal Body Temperature Tendon Elasticity Oclusal (bite) Force ECG, EMG, and Goniometry Temperature and position of Birds Egg in Nest Medical Equipments: Digital / Electronic ECG Holter Drug infusion pump

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Biotelemetry
Biotelemetry advantages: More mobility to the patient Continuous and long-term monitoring Avoid risks of electrical shocks Works without wires or cables trespassing the skin

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reducing biological infection less discomfort

Biotelemetry
Invasive devices (placed inside the body)
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Constructed as small as possible To minimize patient discomfort and physiological problems

Surgically implanted Can be swallowed by the patient Injected through a hypodermic

Biotelemetry
Passive biotelemetry:
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Where the remote unit works without an internal battery Ideal where battery cannot be used, exchanged or recharge Small devices (battery is about 50% of the total volume)

Biotelemetry
Advantages of passive sensors: Reduced dimensions (few millimeters) Potentially safer, without battery (non toxic or less toxic) Continuous monitoring Long operation time Can be constructed using only resistor, inductor, and capacitor (RLC)

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Biotelemetry
Problems of passive sensors:
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Poor signal-to-noise ratio Low accuracy Low sensitivity Restricted distance of operation

Example of Biotelemetry
Communication by Magnetic coupling Temperature measuring

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From Schneider Jr., B.

Example of Biotelemetry
Techniques of Communication Reflected Impedance Modulation

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100 80 60 40

Zin [deg]

20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 RT = 0 RT = 10 RT = 20 RT = 30 RT = 40 RT = 50

-100 705e+3

707e+3

709e+3

711e+3

713e+3

715e+3

717e+3

719e+3

721e+3

723e+3

725e+3

f [Hz]

R f ( )

T f ( R)

T [ C]

R []

Zin [ ]

R []

T [ C]

From Hara, M.S.

Example of Biotelemetry
Techniques of Communication Passive RLC Resonant circuit.

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From Pichorim, S.F.

Example of Biotelemetry

Coil design, Analysis and synthesis of magnetically coupled circuits

z radius b Bz P n2 r radius a i n1 z=-d z=-L (length) x xy plane (z=D) bo

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Lex B b d d b D Remote Coil

Lra

Lrb

dL

From Pichorim, S.F.

core (r)

Example of Biotelemetry
Temperature Measurement Ingestable capsule

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From Pichorim, S.F.

Example of Biotelemetry
Tendon Elasticity Measurement Injectable microsensor: 2.15 x 28 mm

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INJECTION IN A POSTMORTEM TENDON

0 1 2 3 4 5 (mm)

From Pichorim, S.F.

Example of Biotelemetry
Temperature in Bird's Nest Artificial Egg

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From Pichorim, S.F.