Villalobos Eamon Barkhordarian

Period C 12/4/08

Review Questions pg. 161

1. Identify
a. Navigation Acts
i. Passed in the 1600s by Parliament. It regulated colonial trade and
manufacturing. For the most part, these acts were not rigorously
enforced.
b. Continental Congress
i. The legislative assembly composed of delegates from the rebel
colonies who met during and after the American Revolution; they
issued the Declaration of Independence and framed
Articles of Confederation. George Washington and John Adams were
members of the Continental Congress. It also established the
continental army.
c. George Washington
i. The Virginia Planter and soldier. He was the commander-in-chief of
the Continental Army during the American Revolution He held the
ragged army together especially at Valley Forge. He was to become
the 1st president of the United States. He forced the surrender of the
British army at Yorktown, which crumbled Britain’s war effort.
d. Battle of Saratoga
i. The battle that created a turning point in the war when the
Americans triumphed over the British. This victory persuaded
France to join the Americans against its old rival. The alliance
brought the Americans desperately needed supplies.
e. Treaty of Paris of 1783
i. The treaty which ended the American Revolution claiming America
as the victor of the war. In that treaty, Britain recognized the
independence of the United States of America. It also accepted the
new nation’s western frontier as the Mississippi River.
f. Bill of Rights
i. A statement of fundamental rights and privileges and the first 10
amendments to the Constitution. It recognized that people had basic
rights and that the government must protect those rights. These
rights included the freedom of religion, speech, and the press, as
well as the right to trial by jury and to private property.
2. Define
a. Popular Sovereignty
i. All government power comes from the people
b. Loyalists
i. People who supported Britain
c. Federal Republic
i. Where power was divided between the federal and state
governments.
Villalobos Eamon Barkhordarian
Period C 12/4/08

3. Describe colonial law, society, and politics in the mid 1700s.

a. The Navigation Acts restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between
England and its colonies. Smuggling was not considered a crime. Colonists
felt entitled to the same rights as English citizens. The colonies were home
to diverse religious and ethnic groups. Social distinctions were more
blurred than in Europe. At the time, King George III was ruling Britain and
American from Britain.
4. Explain why conflict between the colonists and Britain increased after 1763.
a. Parliament passed new laws which increased the taxes for the colonists.
The colonists rebelled because why would they have to pay more tax if they
weren’t represented in government? The Boston Massacre, Boston Tea
Party, and a series of other fights created more resentment between the
colonists and the British.
5. Give an example of how Enlightenment ideas were reflected in each of the
following:
a. The Declaration of Independence
i. It shared the view of the enlightenment thinker John Locke, in that
the people had the right to abolish or alter the government if it was
unjust.
b. The United States Constitution
i. The central feature of the Constitution were ideas borrowed directly
from the Enlightenment thinker, Montesquieu, in which there were 3
branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial, and that
they would maintain the balance of power through checks and
balances.
6. Describe the ideas of separation of powers. Then give two examples of how your
life would be different if the Constitution did not guarantee separation of powers.
a. Separation of Powers is when a country’s constitution requires the branches
of government to remain independent of each other. They do this to prevent
one branch from becoming too powerful. 2 examples on how it would
affect my life if the constitution didn’t guarantee separation of powers are:
first of all, if one part of government wanted to put me in jail, there would
be no other part of government to protect me. Secondly, the president
would just create his own laws, and chaos will occur.