In camouflage

The CSIR provides the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) with a research capability in camouflage, concealment and deception (CCD). CCD is a first line of defence, usually passive, of which the building blocks need to be developed well in advance. A good example is camouflage colours and patterns, which need to be in place long before the actual conflict takes place. The CSIR is able to provide this service in the visible, near infrared (NIR) and thermal wavelengths.

Simulating scenarios
CamouSim is a virtual environment, which enables evaluation of the effectiveness of different camouflage patterns, before any printing on fabric. The best patterns are then printed and deployed in the field for evaluation by a panel of observers. With a scientific understanding of the human cognitive system, it is possible to develop mission-specific camouflage. The CSIR is also able to specially design a pattern for a specific environment not only for uniforms, but also for vehicles, nets and installations.

Accurate measurement
Accurate measurement for design, test and evaluation is essential. For this purpose we have a visible/NIR spectroradiometer as a field instrument, as well as a spectrophotometer for laboratory measurements.

Manufacturing
The CSIR works very closely with industry in terms of manufacturing, particularly the fabric, paint and vehicle manufacturers. The CSIR acts as design authority, advisor and independent consultant.

An edge in: In camouflage

Current relevance
The outputs of this work are essential for any existing protection programme in the SANDF, but also for new acquisition projects. For example, the pattern for the Agusta helicopter was developed by the CSIR.

The future and camouflage

The ultimate in camouflage is to have wide-band, adaptive camouflage. Wide-band camouflage needs to be effective in the visible (day-time), near-infrared (night vision), thermal and radar bands, as well as the new terrahertz imaging technology. Adaptive camouflage is the term for camouflage on demand: through changing the conductivity or reflectivity of the camouflage system (usually through changing the voltage/current), the camouflage system can be adapted to blend with the environment to suit the mission, environment and threat. The advent of nanotechnology has made it possible to change the properties of materials and is likely to have a significant influence on camouflage technology in the future.

Contact details CSIR Defence, Peace, Safety and Security J Baumbach Email: jbaumbac@csir.co.za Tel: +27 12 841 2976 www.csir.co.za