Chapter 2

Chapter 2
Fluid Power Systems

The Basic System
Objectives
Explain the functions of fluid power systems. Identify the basic structure of fluid power systems. List the basic component groups involved in the structure of fluid power systems.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Objectives
Describe the function of the components involved in basic fluid power systems. Describe the similarities and differences of hydraulic and pneumatic systems. Explain the operation of basic hydraulic and pneumatic systems.
Functions of Fluid Power Systems

Fluid power systems are made up of components designed to perform specific tasks These components act together to perform desired work

Fluid power systems perform five functions during operation:
Energy conversion Fluid distribution Fluid control Work performance Fluid maintenance
Structure of Fluid Power Systems

Fluid power systems are structured using component groups that perform specific system functions:
Power unit group Actuators group Conductors group Control valves group Fluid maintenance group
8
Basic System Components

Power unit group
Deals primarily with energy conversion Consists of:
Prime mover Pump or compressor Reservoir or receiver

Actuators group
Performs the work of the system Consists of both cylinders and motors
10

Conductors group
Conductors distribute fluid throughout the system Consists of:
Pipes Tubes Hoses
11

Control valves group
Controls fluid pressure, flow direction, and flow rate Three groups of valves:
Directional control valves Pressure control valves Flow control valves
12

Fluid maintenance group
Maintains system fluid by removing dirt, moisture, and excessive heat Filters and other devices are used to perform these functions
13

Comparisons can be made between hydraulic and pneumatic systems System terminology and designs may vary between hydraulic and pneumatic systems
14

Power unit
Electric motors and internal combustion engines are most often the prime movers The pump or compressor produces the fluid flow Fluid flow is created by internal pressure differences Fluid flow transmits energy throughout the system
15

Power unit
System reservoir or receiver stores system fluid Reservoir/receiver also contributes to system temperature control and fluid cleaning
16

Actuators
Cylinders are used in both hydraulic and pneumatic systems Cylinders produce linear motion
17

Actuators
Motors are used in both hydraulic and pneumatic systems Motors produce rotary motion
18

Actuators
Motion is created when pressurized fluid moves an internal part of the actuators from a high pressure area toward a low pressure area
19

Actuators
(Used with permission of CNH America LLC) Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
20

Conductors
Pipes Tubes Hoses Transmit system fluid to system components
21

Control valves
Directional control valves
Vary the direction of movement of cylinders and motors Change fluid flow paths to and from the actuators
22

Control valves
Pressure control valves
Control pressure in a fluid power system Restrict fluid flow into a part of the system Allow fluid to return to a low pressure area after a desired pressure is reached
23

Control valves
Flow control valves
Control fluid flow rate in a system The size of an orifice is adjusted to change flow
24

Fluid maintenance devices
Filters Separators Lubricators Used to remove contaminates and condition the fluid Assure effective system performance and acceptable service life
25
Basic System Operation

Hydraulic system operation
Movement of oil originates at the pump Low pressure at the pump inlet causes oil to pass through a filter as it flows from the reservoir into the pump High pressure at the pump outlet forces oil to the directional control valve and on to the actuator System work is performed by the actuator
26

Hydraulic system operation
Pressure control valves limit pressure in the system Flow control valves control the speed of actuator movement Oil is returned to the reservoir to be recirculated through the system
27

Pneumatic system operation
Movement of air begins at the compressor As air moves into the system from the atmosphere, it is:
Filtered Compressed Stored in the receiver under pressure
Pressurized air is distributed to system workstations
28

At the workstation:
A pressure regulator sets working pressure A filter and lubricator provide final conditioning
Air then moves through a directional control valve and on to an actuator System work is performed by the actuator
29

During system operation, flow control valves control the speed of actuator movement Air is discharged back into the atmosphere after passing through the system
30
Review Question
Fluid power systems are made up of _____ containing parts designed to perform specific tasks.
component groups
31
Review Question
The fluid control function of a fluid power system controls system pressure and fluid flow _____ and _____.
rate; direction
32
Review Question
The number and appearance of components in a fluid power system is influenced by the type of _____, application, and _____.
fluid; power output
33
Review Question
Fluids are distributed throughout a fluid power system by components referred to as _____.
conductors
34
Review Question
Fluid power system filters may be located in one or more of three typical locations. List these three locations.
Intake line; working lines; return lines.
35
Review Question
In the pneumatic fluid power system, after the pressurized system air has completed its work, it is exhausted to the _____.
atmosphere
36

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Chapter 2

Fluid Power Systems

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Functions of Fluid Power Systems

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Functions of Fluid Power Systems

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Functions of Fluid Power Systems

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Structure of Fluid Power Systems

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Basic System Components

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Basic System Components

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Basic System Components

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Basic System Components

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Basic System Components

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Basic System Components

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Basic System Components

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Basic System Components

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Basic System Components

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Basic System Components

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Basic System Components

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Basic System Components

(Used with permission of CNH America LLC) Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Basic System Components

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Basic System Components

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Basic System Components

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Basic System Components

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.