Unit # 2 Real and Complex Numbers Exercise 2.

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Question # 5 Calculate (a) ,

(b) z + ,

(c) z - ,

(d) z

for each of the following: (iii) z=

Solution z= z= z= z= z= z= z= z= z=i (a) = -i (b) z + = i + (-i) z+ =i -i z+ =0 (c) z - = i - (-i) z- =i+i z - = 2i (d) z = i -i z = -i2 z = -(-1) z =1

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(iv)

z=

Solution

z= z = z= z= z= z= z= z= z= z= (a) = (b) z+ = = = = (c) z- = -( + ) Page 2 +( - + + ) + x

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= = = = (d) z. =( = = = = = = = -

+ -

) -(

(-1)

Question # 6 If z = 2 + 3i and w = 5- 4i , show that (ii) Solution L.H.S = = = = -

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= = -3 - 7i R.H.S = =( ) ( )

= (2 -3i) (5 + 4i) = 2 -3i 5 4i = -3 -7i Hence, = -

(iii)

= .

Solution

L.H.S

= = = = = = = = 22 7i

R.H.S

= . =( )( )

= (2 3i) ( 5 + 4i) = 2( 5 + 4i) -3i( 5 + 4i) = 10 + 8i 15i 12i2 Mudassar Nazar Notes Published by Asghar Ali Page 4

= 10 7i 12i2 = 10 -7i -12(-1) = 10 -7i +12 = 22 7i Hence, = .

(iv) Solution

L.H.S

= = = = = = = = = =

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z R.H.S

= = = = = = = = = = = =

Hence, =

Question # 7 Solve the following equations for real x and y (i) Solution (2 3i) (x + yi) = 4 + i

(2 3i) (x + yi) = 4 + i 2(x + yi) 3i(x + yi) = 4 + i 2x + 2yi -3xi 3yi2 = 4 + i Mudassar Nazar Notes Published by Asghar Ali Page 6

2x + ( 2y 3x)i 3y (-1) = 4 + i 2x + ( 2y 3x)i + 3y = 4 + i (2x + 3y) + ( 2y 3x)i = 4 + i Equating the real and imaginary parts 2x + 3y = 4 2y 3x = 1 -3x + 2y = 1 (i) x 3 & (ii) x 2 6x + 9y = 12 -6x + 4y = 2 (iii) + (iv) 6x + 9y = 12 -6x + 4y = 2 13y = 14 y= Put y = in (i) 2x + 3( ) = 4 2x + =4 (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)

13 x 2x + 42 = 4 x 13 26x + 42= 52 26x = 52 42 26x = 10 x= x=

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(ii)

(3 -2i) (x + yi) = 2(x -2yi)+ 2i -1

Solution
(3 -2i) (x + yi) = 2(x -2yi)+ 2i -1 3(x + yi) 2i(x + yi) = 2x -4yi + 2i -1 3x + 3yi 2xi 2yi2 = ( 2x -1) + 2i 4yi 3x + (3y 2x) i 2y (-1) = ( 2x 1) + ( 2 4y)i 3x + ( 3y 2x)i + 2y = (2x -1) + (2-4y)i (3x +2y) + ( 3y 2x)i = ( 2x -1) + ( 2 4y)i Equating the real and imaginary parts 3x + 2y = 2x 1 3x 2x + 2y = -1 x + 2y = -1 3x 2x = 2 4y -2x + 3y + 4y = 2 -2x + 7y = 2 (i) x 2 2x + 4y = -2 (ii) + (iii) -2x + 7y = 2 2x + 4y = -2 11y = 0 y = 0/11 y=0 Put y = 0, in (i)
x + 2(0) = -1 x + 0 = -1 x = -1

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

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(iii)

(3 + 4i)2 2(x yi) = x + yi

Solution (3 + 4i)2 2(x yi) = x + yi (3)2 + (4i)2 + 2(3)(4i) 2x + 2yi = x + yi 9 + 16i2 + 24i 2x + 2yi = x + yi 9 + 16(-1) + 24i 2x + 2yi= x + yi 9 16 + 24i -2x + 2yi = x + yi -7 -2x + 2yi + 24i = x + yi (-7 -2x) + (2y +24)i = x + yi Equating the real and imaginary parts -7 -2x = x -2x x = 7 -3x = 7 x = -7/3 2y + 24 = y 2y y = -24 y = -24

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