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Power Quality

Training Courses

Harmonics and Interharmonics

LPQIVES is co-finaced by:

LPQIVES is a programme of:

LPQI is part of:

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Module 2

Harmonics and Interharmonics

1 INTRODUCTION
Two sources of voltage and current distortion are dealt with in this seminar: harmonics (mainly)
and interharmonics. Their sources and effects, as well as possible methods of their mitigation and
measuring are presented.

1.1 General aims


The seminar participant should obtain information on the theoretical background of the distorted
signals analysis, sources of distortion with special regard to power electronic systems, effects of
distorted voltages and currents, methods for location of distortion sources in a power system,
distortion reduction methods, measurement principles, standardization, formulating contacts, etc.
Most of the lecture subject will be supplemented with laboratory experiments and exemplified by
analysis of real cases.

1.2 Target groups


This module’s target group are mainly:
− end-users of equipment;
− designers;
− installers or contractor of installations;
− electric networks operators;
− equipment sellers and services providers in the electricity sector.

2 SPECIFIC AIMS AND TOPICS


The pathway of learning consists of a 2 days course, subdivided in sections (with different
duration), with these contents and related aims.

1st day
Contents Voltage & current harmonics
Power theories in electrical circuits
Passive filters of high harmonics
Aims Supplying knowledge concerning basics of distorted signals analysis, sources of
distortion, with special regard to power electronic systems, effects of distorted voltages
and currents, methods of locating distortion sources in a power system, passive methods
for harmonics mitigation
2nd day
Contents Active power filter
Interharmonics
Harmonic measurements
Standardization
Neutral line and transformer sizing in the environment of distorted current and voltages
Case studies (laboratory)
Contract
Aims Supplying knowledge concerning principles of measuring, standardization, formulating
contracts. Use of the obtained knowledge to analysis and solving problems in harmonics,
as well as to practical measurements in laboratory.

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Below there’s a detailed overview of the course contents.
2.1 Pathway of learning flow chart

Time progression
(hours)

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3 COURSE DETAILED PROGRAM

First day:

60 mins Participants registration

5 mins Opening, informations, course introduction

70 mins Section 1: Introduction


− Basic terms and definitions
− Description of the disturbance (sources, power electronic converters, effects)
− Methods of voltage and current harmonics mitigation
Modality: Lesson and discussion

45 mins Power theories in electrical circuits


Modality: Lesson, computer laboratory and discussion

15 mins Coffee break

60 mins Section 2:High harmonics passive filters


Modality: Lesson and discussion

Second day:

45 mins Section 3: Active power filters


Modality: Lesson, laboratory and discussion

45 mins Interharmonics
Modality: Lesson and discussion

15 mins Coffee break

45 mins Section 4: Measuring techniques and instrumentation (measuring instruments,


measuring signal analysers)
Modality: Lesson, laboratory and discussion

15 mins International, European and other standards and regulations


Modality: Lesson and discussion

45 mins Neutral line and transformer sizing in the environment of distorted current and
voltages
Modality: Lesson and discussion

15 mins Coffee break

75 mins Section 5:Voltage and current distortion – case studies Methods of analysis
Modality: Lesson, laboratory and discussion

30 mins Final discussion and conclusions, End of the course, user satisfaction survey
(user’s questionnaire),
Confirmations of attendance

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4 GENERAL NOTES

− each day there will be two coffee breaks according to the seminar program;
− at the beginning of the course the lecturer will explain course aims and at the end he will verify
their fulfilment;
− the course will be divided in theoretical and practical sections;
− at the end of the lessons, a user satisfaction survey will help the lecturer in monitoring the course
quality.

5 TEACHING METHODS

Teaching methods are summarized in three main moments:

− knowledge transfer (Lesson)


topics exposure by the lecturer with the help of slides and presentation of practical cases;
− deepening/learning verification (Discussion)
general discussion stimulated by the lecturer (also during the lesson) to verify knowledge
transfer;
− practical training, laboratory activities; group work

During all the sections, the lecturer will always attend, with teaching and/or activity coordination
duty.

6 DIDACTIC MATERIAL AND TOOLS

The didactic tools which will be used by the lecturers will be:
− Blackboard
− Video-projector
− Notebook
− Microphone

The lecture room will be suitable to allow the use of all the above listed didactic tools and to enable
group work for the attendants.

Each user will receive, during the registration, a folder containing:


− course program;
− lecture notes containing all or part of the lecture slides.

Some additional electronic tools will be available also in electronic format at: http://www.leonardo-
energy.org/drupal/ .
The folder will also include a user satisfaction questionnaire and a knowledge test (which will be
both filled and submitted at the end of the course).

7 EXISTING KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS

The following (on the basic level) shall be prerequisite for the participant:

− electric circuits theory: AC circuits


− electric machines
− electric power engineering; power system
− power electronics

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− electric metrology.

8 ACQUIRED COURSE KNOWLEDGE

The knowledge acquired during the course should be sufficient for:

− identification of the distortion nature


− distortion source identification
− disturbance assessment by means of measuring
− evaluation of technical and economic effects of disturbance
− proposing remedial measures
− formulation of contract between the supplier and consumer of electric power on the basis of the
existing standards and regulations

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