1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Verbos Irregulares en Ingls Gramtica Pronombres personales Preposiciones bsicas Tips para traducir Bibliografa

Verbos Irregulares en Ingls INFINITIVO (Base Form) PASADO SIMPLE PARTICIPIO TRADUCCIN PASADO

Arise Awake

Arose Awoke

Arisen Awoken Been Borne / Born Beaten Become Begun Bent Bet Bound Bid Bitten Bled Blown Broken Bred Brought Broadcast Built Burnt / Burned Burst Bought Cast Caught Come

Surgir, Levantarse Despertarse Ser / Estar Soportar, dar a luz Golpear Llegar a Ser Empezar Doblar Apostar Atar, encuadernar Pujar Morder Sangrar Soplar Romper Criar Traer Llevar Radiar Edificar Quemar Reventar Comprar Arrojar Coger Venir

Be/ am, are, Was / Were is Bear Beat Become Begin Bend Bet Bind Bid Bite Bleed Blow Break Breed Bring Broadcast Build Burn Burst Buy Cast Catch Come Bore Beat Became Began Bent Bet Bound Bid Bit Bled Blew Broke Bred Brought Broadcast Built Burnt /Burned Burst Bought Cast Caught Came

Cost Cut Choose Cling Creep Deal Dig Do (Does) Draw Dream Drink Drive Eat Fall Feed Feel Fight Find Flee Fly Forbid Forget Forgive Freeze Get Give Go (Goes) Grow Grind Hang Have Hear Hide Hit Hold Hurt

Cost Cut Chose Clung Crept Dealt Dug Did Drew Dreamt / Dreamed Drank Drove Ate Fell Fed Felt Fought Found Fled Flew Forbade Forgot Forgave Froze Got Gave Went Grew Ground Hung Had Heard Hid Hit Held Hurt

Cost Cut Chosen Clung Crept Dealt Dug Done Drawn Dreamt / Dreamed Drunk Driven Eaten Fallen Fed Felt Fought Found Fled Flown Forbidden Forgotten Forgiven Frozen Got / Gotten Given Gone Grown Ground Hung Had Heard Hidden Hit Held Hurt Perdonar Helar

Costar Cortar Elegir Agarrarse Arrastrarse Tratar Cavar Hacer Dibujar Soar Beber Conducir Comer Caer Alimentar Sentir Luchar Encontrar Huir Volar Prohibir Olvidar

Obtener Dar Ir Crecer Moler Colgar Haber o Tener Oir Ocultar Golpear Agarrar Celebrar Herir

Keep Know Kneel Knit Lay Lead Lean Leap Learn Leave Lend Let Lie Light Lose Make Mean Meet Mistake Overcome Pay Put Read Ride Ring Rise Run Say See Seek Sell Send Set Sew Shake Shear Shine Shoot

Kept Knew Knelt Knit Laid Led Leant Leapt Left Lent Let Lay Lit Lost Made Meant Met Mistook Overcame Paid Put Read Rode Rang Rose Ran Said Saw Sought Sold Sent Set Sewed Shook Shore Shone Shot

Kept Known Knelt Knit Laid Led Leant Leapt Left Lent Let Lain Lit Lost Made Meant Met Mistaken Overcome Paid Put Read Ridden Rung Risen Run Said Seen Sought Sold Sent Set Sewed / Sewn Shaken Shorn Shone Shot Significar

Conservar Saber Conocer Arrodillarse Hacer punto Poner Conducir Apoyarse Brincar Aprender Dejar Prestar Permitir Echarse Encender Perder Hacer Encontrar Equivocar Vencer Pagar Poner Leer Montar Llamar Levantarse Correr Decir Ver Buscar Vender Enviar Poner(se) Coser Sacudir Esquilar Brillar Disparar

Learnt / Learned Learnt / Learned

Show Shrink Shut Sing Sink Sit Sleep Slide Smell Sow Speak Speed Spell Spend Spill Spin Spit Split Spoil Spread Spring Stand Steal Stick Sting Stink Stride Strike Swear Sweat Sweep Swell Swim Swing Take Teach Tear

Showed Shrank Shut Sang Sank Sat Slept Slid Smelt Sowed Spoke Sped Spelt Spent Spilt / Spilled Spun Spat Split

Shown Shrunk Shut Sung Sunk Sat Slept Slid Smelt Sowed / Sown Spoken Sped Spelt Spent Spilt / Spilled Spun Spat Split

Mostrar Encogerse Cerrar Cantar Hundir Sentarse Dormir Resbalar Oler Sembrar Hablar Acelerar Deletrear Gastar Derramar Hilar Escupir Hender / partir / rajar Estropear Extender Saltar Estar en pie Robar Pegar Engomar Picar Apestar Dar zancadas Golpear Jurar Sudar Barrer Hinchar Nadar Columpiarse Coger Ensear Rasgar

Spoilt / Spoiled Spoilt / Spoiled Spread Sprang Stood Stole Stuck Stung Stank/Stunk Strode Struck Swore Sweat Swept Swelled Swam Swung Took Taught Tore Spread Sprung Stood Stolen Stuck Stung Stunk Stridden Struck Sworn Sweat Swept Swollen Swum Swung Taken Taught Torn

Tell Think Throw Thrust Tread Undergo Undertake Wake Wear Weave Weep Wet Win Wind Withdraw Wring Write

Told Thought Threw Thrust Trod Underwent Undertook Woke Wore Wove Wept Wet Won Wound Withdrew Wrung Wrote

Told Thought Thrown Thrust Trodden Understood Undergone Undertaken Woken Worn Woven Wept Wet Won Wound Withdrawn Wrung Written Gramtica Introducir Pisar, hollar Entender Sufrir Emprender Despertarse Llevar puesto Tejer Llorar Mojar Ganar Enrollar Retirarse Torcer Escribir

Decir Pensar Arrojar Tirar

Understand Understood

Presente simple: AFIRMATIVO S+V (base form)+C I He You eat We It They They INTERROGACIN Aux (do)+S+V ( base form )+C+? I Do You We Eat? Does He She It Eat? She eats We You Do not eat I He She It Does not eat NEGATIVO S+Aux (do)+Neg+V (base form)+C

They Excepcin en tercera persona se aade una -s final. Cuando el verbo termina en -s, -ss, sh, -o, -ch, -x se aade a la tercera persona singular la terminacin '-es'. Cuando termina en 'y' precedida de consonante cambia la 'y' por 'ies'. Para la forma negativa e interrogativa se recurre al verbo 'to do' que realiza una funcin auxiliar. En la tercera persona la forma 'do' cambia a 'does'. Pasado simple: AFIRMATIVO S+V (pasado)+C I He You studied We It They They INTERROGACIN Aux (did)+S+V ( base form )+C+? I He You Did We It They Nota: El pasado simple funciona con el auxiliar 'did' para todas las personas (incluida la tercera persona singular 'he/she/it'). En la forma afirmativa, el auxiliar 'did' no aparece, empleamos en su lugar la terminacin 'ed', esta es la forma de pasado para todos los 'Verbos Regulares'. Si termina en -d o -t, se le pone -ed como slaba aparte; si termina en cualquier otra consonante, se aade tambin -ed pero sin hacer slaba aparte; si termina en -e, se le pone slo d; una -y final que sigue a cualquier consonante se cambia en - ie ms d. Futuro simple: AFIRMATIVO S+Aux (will)+V ( base form )+C NEGATIVO S+Aux (will)+Neg+V ( base form )+C study? Did She study? She studied We You did not study NEGATIVO S+Aux (did)+Neg+V ( base form )+C I He She It did not study

I He You We They Will travel She It Will travel

I He You We They INTERROGACIN Aux (will)+S+V ( base form )+C+? I He You Will We It They travel? Will She travel? Will not travel She It Will not travel

Nota: Presente simple contino: AFIRMATIVO S+ be (pres. Simpl.)+V (ing)+C I am walking You We They are walking He She It is walking NEGATIVO S+ be (pres. Simpl.)+Neg+V (ing)+C I am not walking You We They INTERROGACIN Be (pres. Simpl.)+S+V (ing)+C+? Am I walking? You Are We They Nota: Pasado simple contino: AFIRMATIVO NEGATIVO walking? Is He She It walking? are not walking He She It is not walking

S+ be (pasd. Simpl.)+V (ing)+C I was driving You We They were driving He She It was driving

S+ be (pasd. Simpl.)+Neg+V (ing)+C I was not driving You We They were not driving He She It was not driving

INTERROGACIN Be (pasd. Simpl.)+S+V (ing)+C+? Was I driving? You Were We They Nota: Futuro simple contino: AFIRMATIVO S+ Aux(will)+ be(base form)+V (ing)+C I will be lending You We They will be lending He She It Will be lending NEGATIVO S+ Aux(will)+Neg+be(base form)+V (ing)+C I will not be lending You We They INTERROGACIN Aux (will)+S+be (base form)+V (ing)+C+? Will I be lending? You Will We They Nota: Presente perfecto: Be lending? Will He She It be lending? will not be lending He She It will not be lending driving? Was He She It driving?

AFIRMATIVO S+ Aux.(have/has)+V (P.p)+C I have bought You We They have bought (youve) He She It has bought (hes) You We They INTERROGACIN

NEGATIVO S+ Aux.(have/has)+Neg+V (P.p)+C I have not bought have not bought (havent) He She It has not bought (hasnt)

Aux.(have/has)+S+V (P.p)+C+? Have I bought? You Have We They Nota: El presente perfecto, se forma con "to have" a modo de auxiliar y el verbo en participio pasado. En la tercera persona se emplea el "has". Pasado perfecto: AFIRMATIVO S+ Aux.(had)+V (P.p)+C I had bought (Id) You had bought We (youd) They He She It You had not bought (hadnt) NEGATIVO S+ Aux.(had)+Neg+V (P.p)+C I had not bought had bought (hed) We He She It had not bought (hadnt) bought? Has He She It bought?

They INTERROGACIN Aux.(had)+S+V (P.p)+C+?

Had I bought? You Had We They Nota: bought? Had

He She It Bought?

Futuro perfecto: AFIRMATIVO S+ Aux.(will)+(have)+V (P.p)+C I will have bought You We They (youll have) It will have bought He She NEGATIVO S+ Aux.(will)+Neg+(have)+V (P.p)+C I will not have bought will not have bought (wont have) He She It will not have bought (wont have)

will have bought You (hell have) We

They INTERROGACIN

Aux.(will)+S+(have)+V (P.p)+C+? Will I have bought? You Will We They Nota: Presente perfecto contino: AFIRMATIVO S+ Aux.(have/has)+be(P.p)+V(ing)+C I have been selling You We They (youve been) It have been selling He She NEGATIVO S+ Aux.(have/has)+Neg+be(P.p)+V(ing)+C I have not been selling have not been selling (havent been) He She It have not been selling (hasnt been) have bought? Will He She It have bought?

has been selling You (hes been) We

They INTERROGACIN

Aux.(have/has)+S+be(P.p)+V(ing)+ C+? Have I been selling? You Have We They Nota: been selling? Has He She It been selling?

Pasado perfecto contino: AFIRMATIVO S+ Aux.(had)+be(P.p)+V(ing)+C I had been selling You We They (youd been) It had been selling He She NEGATIVO S+ Aux.(had)+Neg+be(P.p)+V(ing)+C I had not been selling had not been selling (hadnt been) He She It had not been selling (hadnt been)

had been selling You (hed been) We

They INTERROGACIN

Aux.(had)+S+be(P.p)+V(ing)+ C+? Had I been selling? You Had We They Nota: Futuro perfecto contino: AFIRMATIVO S+ Aux.(will)+(have)+be(P.p)+V(ing)+C I will have been selling He You We They (youll have been) It will have been selling She NEGATIVO S+ Aux.(will)+Neg+(have)+be(P.p)+V(ing)+C been selling? Had He She It been selling?

I will not have been will selling have will not been You have been selling selling (hell We (wont have have been) They been) INTERROGACIN

He She It will not have been selling

Aux.(will)+S+(have)+be(P.p)+V(ing)+C+? Will I have been selling? You Will We They have been selling? Will He She It have been selling?

Nota: Pronombres personales sujeto 1 2 Singsingular 3 1 P 2 3 I You He She It We You They complemento Me You Him Her It Us You Them Preposiciones bsicas B.P at

Pronombre reflexivo Myself Yourself Himself Herself Itself Ourselves Yourselves Themselves

Pronombre reciproco Each other Each other Each other

Used Specific times Definite place Full address Speed Idea of definite time and place

Example He has class at 8:30. My brother is at school. They live at 2388 Park Road. He was driving at 90 miles per hour. The exercise is at the end of the lesson.

Exception: at night: use in for the other parts of the day. in

Inside Cities, boroughs States, countries Parts of countries Continents Parts of the day Months, seasons, years Time (length of time) within

We are in the kitchen. The school is in the UCV. How long have you lived in Caracas? I live in the West. We saw many interesting sights in Europe. We have class in the morning. Graduation will be in July. Youll have your exam in seven days. Ill be back in ten minutes. The book was on the table. Their house is on First Street. My apartment is on the sixth floor. My birthday is on October

on

On the surface Streets, avenues Floors Dates Days of the week

On a farm, a planet, an island, campus Punctuality

22nd. There is no class on Saturday. He works on campus. Hes usually here on time.

Note: in time for something) by

Means, by way of (pasando por; por va de; como; por medio de; a modo de) Possessive of things Parts of a whole

You learn by repeating. You can get there by car.

of

The leg of the chair was broken. I bought a pound of carrots. The light is over jack. The cabinets are over the counter. We are going to New York. The plane to Houston left an hour ago. He got to his office at eight. They will arrive in New York tonight. The temperature is above 40. There are cabinets above the sink. Is Caracas above or below sea level?

over

Exact position (vertical)

to

Destination Leave for Arrive at place Arrive in a city

above

Degree higher than Location higher than

below

To a lower degree